36 the fact that several interviewees confirm that management regularly (but sometimes privately) harbour such ambitions, as this would allow to them to keep their jobs, remain involved with the company they have helped build up from the ground, and bask in the glory associated with an IPO. Perhaps this low score is because the nature of IPOs in <strong>biotech</strong> has changed: “Takeovers and IPOs are not mutually exclusive. IPOs are currently financing events, not exit events anymore,” says the CEO of a <strong>biotech</strong> company. Perhaps this low score is also prompted by the idea among the majority of respondents that, currently, an IPO is not even a realistic option in the first place. No less than 75% think an IPO in <strong>2012</strong> is not worth considering for Netherlands <strong>biotech</strong> <strong>companies</strong>. The main reason for this is undoubtedly the ongoing general crisis in the financial markets, but there are other reasons as well. These are discussed below. In our interviews, the reason cited first and foremost is the current market sentiment, the Ziggo IPO and the announced IPO of Douwe Egberts notwithstanding. “You need to have market momentum in order to get generalist investors, who usually provide the bulk of the money in a successful IPO, to participate in higher-risk investments,” says a banker. So unless a <strong>biotech</strong> company “resembles a cookie factory in its product, sales and financial outlook “, entrance to the public markets is barred. “An IPO for a classic product-development, midstage <strong>biotech</strong> company today? Just can’t get it done!” declares a partner of a venture capital fund. Several factors, apart from the high-risk profile of <strong>biotech</strong> <strong>companies</strong>, make an IPO even more difficult for them than for other high-tech <strong>companies</strong>: • The past decade has seen many <strong>biotech</strong> stocks whose price went down after their initial listing. This has made investors wary of participating in new IPOs in the sector. • Valuation of the IPO may be too high, for instance if the last financing round was relatively high. Investment banks hungry to get a key role in the IPO process may also be too optimistic on valuation in the pitching phase, reducing their valuation when they get more information after having secured their role. • The often highly technical nature of <strong>biotech</strong> products requires a buy side that is able to appreciate their potential and risks. In a bookbuilding process, a number of specialized investors must usually be on board first before the bigger, general investors follow. Such a base of specialist <strong>biotech</strong> investors is lacking in Europe, according to some interviewees: “On the buy side, there is frightfully little knowledge of the sector”, says one. In the US, there are many specialist <strong>biotech</strong> fund managers, but they hardly ever deliver the goods: “Management are easily persuaded by their bankers to embark on a road show to the US, but I have never seen US investors take part in a European IPO.” • Again in contrast to the US, the market in Europe for <strong>biotech</strong> stocks is not very deep. This creates the very real risk of ending up in a vicious circle of reduced coverage from analysts, lower liquidity, funds that want to divest and lower stock prices. To prevent this, <strong>biotech</strong> <strong>companies</strong> that can’t report their earnings every quarter need to use their shares actively or, as a banker we interviewed advises his listed <strong>biotech</strong> clients: “In the absence of cash flow, you need a news flow.”
“IPOs are currently financing events, not exit events anymore.” CEO of <strong>biotech</strong> company <strong>Life</strong> <strong>Sciences</strong> <strong>Outlook</strong> <strong>2012</strong> <strong>Dutch</strong> <strong>biotech</strong> <strong>companies</strong>: from start-up to exit 37