actuator design and fabricati<strong>on</strong>. It is expected that <strong>the</strong> new robot model, with embedded sensors and actuators, will be fabricated in <strong>the</strong> near future. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project is sp<strong>on</strong>sored by University Research Council at University <strong>of</strong> Cincinnati. REFERENCES [1] American Dental Associati<strong>on</strong>, Survey <strong>of</strong> Dental Practice, S699 ed, Chicago, ADA 1999. [2] Gutmann, JL and Lovdahl, PE: Problems Encountered in Tooth Isolati<strong>on</strong> and Access to <strong>the</strong> Pulp Chamber Space. In Gutmann, JL, Dumsha, TC, Lovdahl, PE, Hovland, EJ, editors: Problem Solving in Endod<strong>on</strong>tics-Preventi<strong>on</strong>, Identificati<strong>on</strong>, and Management, ed 3, St Louis, Missouri, The C.V. Mosby, 1997, pp47-67. [3] Walt<strong>on</strong>, Richard E.: Torabinejad Mahmoud: Principles and Practice <strong>of</strong> Endod<strong>on</strong>tics, Third editi<strong>on</strong>, W.B.Saunders Company, 2002, pp192-197. [4] Gutmann, JL, Dumsha, T: Cleaning and Shaping <strong>the</strong> Root Canal System. In Cohen, S, Burns, RC, editors: Pathways <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pulp, ed 7, St Louis, Missouri, The C.V. Mosby Company, 1997, pp160-173. [5] Burns, RC and Herbrans<strong>on</strong>, EJ: Tooth Morphology and Cavity Preparati<strong>on</strong>. In Cohen, S, Burns, RC, editors: Pathways <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pulp, ed 7, St Louis, Missouri, The C. V. Mosby, 1997, pp 150-202. [6] West, JD and Roane, JB: Cleaning and Shaping <strong>the</strong> Root Canal System. In Cohen, S, Burns, RC, editors: Pathways <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pulp, ed 7, St Louis, Missouri, The C.V. Mosby, 1997, pp 203-257. [7] Sen, BH; Piskin, B and Demirci, T: Observati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Bactreia and Fungi in Infected Root Canals and Dentinal Tubules by SEM, Endod<strong>on</strong>tics and Dental Tranmatology, 1995, 11: pp6-9 [8] Everett, H: Feasibility <str<strong>on</strong>g>Study</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>of</strong> Single-Axis <strong>Micro</strong> <strong>Robot</strong> for Endod<strong>on</strong>tic Treatment. University <strong>of</strong> Cincinnati. June 2007. [9] D<strong>on</strong>g, J: Rule-based Planning for Automated Endod<strong>on</strong>tic Treatment - From Dental Radiography, 3-D Computer Modeling, to Tool Selecti<strong>on</strong> and Path C<strong>on</strong>trol, Dissertati<strong>on</strong>, Columbia University, 2003, pp149-153, pp18-47, pp216-230 BIOGRAPHIES JANET DONG is an Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Mechanical Engineering Technology at University <strong>of</strong> Cincinnati, USA. She received her PhD and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University in New York City, and her MS and BS in Manufacturing Engineering from China. Dr D<strong>on</strong>g’s research and educati<strong>on</strong>al interests include manufacturing technology, manufacturing automati<strong>on</strong>, CAD/CAM, computer aided process planning and optimizati<strong>on</strong>, system c<strong>on</strong>trol and mechatr<strong>on</strong>ics, machine and Internati<strong>on</strong>al Journal <strong>of</strong> Modern Engineering Volume 8, Number 1 Fall 2007 33
instrument design, robotics, computer modeling, and mechanical engineering applicati<strong>on</strong> to dental endod<strong>on</strong>tic treatment. SHANE Y. HONG is currently Pr<strong>of</strong>essor in <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Mechanical Engineering at Nati<strong>on</strong>al Chiao Tung University <strong>of</strong> Taiwan. Prior to returning Taiwan from U.S.A., he was Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Mechanical Engineering at Columbia University from 1996-2004, and Associate Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at Wright State University, 1990-1996; he was a Member <strong>of</strong> Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories, 1985-1990, and a Member <strong>of</strong> Research Staff, AT&T Princet<strong>on</strong> Engineering Research Center, 1983-1985. He received his BS degree from Nati<strong>on</strong>al Taiwan University, MS and PhD degrees from University <strong>of</strong> Wisc<strong>on</strong>sin, USA, respectively. GUNNAR HASSELGREN is a Pr<strong>of</strong>essor and Director <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Divisi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endod<strong>on</strong>tics in <strong>the</strong> School <strong>of</strong> Dental and Oral Surgery at Columbia University in <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> New York, USA. He received his PhD degree in <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Lund <strong>of</strong> Sweden, and his DDS in Endod<strong>on</strong>tics from Columbia University and from School <strong>of</strong> Dentistry at Karolinska Institute, respectively. He is a licensed practiti<strong>on</strong>er in both Sweden and USA. His main areas <strong>of</strong> interest are hard tissue biology and studies related to clinical endod<strong>on</strong>tics. Internati<strong>on</strong>al Journal <strong>of</strong> Modern Engineering Volume 8, Number 1 Fall 2007 34