B.Sc. - Acharya Nagarjuna University

(Racemisation). Explanation of both by taking the example of optically
active alkyl halide – 2bromobutane. Ease of hydrolysis – comparision of
alkyl, benzyl, alkyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Nature of nucleophil, Nature
of leaving group, Nature of solvent, SNi, Neighbouring group
participataion.
4 h
2. Hydroxy compounds 5 h
Alcohols: Preparation with hydroboration reaction, Grignard synthesis of
alcohols.
Phenols: Preparation i) from diazonium salt, ii) from aryl sulphonates, iii)
from cumene with mechanisom.
Chemical properties:
a. Acidic nature of phenols,
b. Formation of alkoxides/phenoxides and their reaction
with RX,
c. Esterification by acids ( mechanism),
d. Dehydration of alcohols.
e. Special reaction of phenols with mechanism;
Bromination, Kolb­Schmidt reaction, Riemer­
Polyhydroxy compounds: Pinacol­Pinacolone rearrangement.
3. Carbonyl compounds 8 h
Synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of ketones from
nitriles and from carboxylic acids.
Physical properties: absence of hydrogen bonding, keto­enol
tautomerism, reactivity of carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones.
Nucleophilic addition reaction with a) NaHSO 3 , b) HCN, c) RMgX, d) 2,
4 DNP with mechanism.
Halogenation using PCl 5 with mechanism.
Base catalysed reactions with mechanism:
a) Aldol, b) Cannizzaro reaction, c) Perkin reaction, d) Benzoin
condensation, e) Haloform reaction, f) Knoevenagel reaction.