B.Sc. - Acharya Nagarjuna University

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Unit IV: rings in transmitted light (Haidinger Fringes) – Determination of wave length of monochromatic light – Michelson Interferometer – types of fringes – Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light, Difference in wavelength of sodium D 1,D 2 lines and thickness of a thin transparent plate. 10 Diffraction: (10) Introduction – Distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction Fraunhoffer diffraction: Diffraction due to single slit and circular aperture – Limit of resolution – Fraunhoffer diffraction due to double slit – Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits (diffraction grating) Resolving Power of grating – Determination of wave length of light in normal and oblique incidence methods using diffraction grating. Fresnel diffraction: Fresnel’s half period zones – area of the half period zones –zone plate – Comparison of zone plate with convex lens – Phase reversal zone plate – diffraction at a straight edge – difference between interference and diffraction. 11 Polarization (10) Polarized light : Methods of Polarization, Polarizatioin by reflection, refraction, Double refraction, selective absorption , scattering of light – Brewsters law – Malus law – Nicol prism polarizer and analyzer – Refraction of plane wave incident on negative and positive crystals (Huygen’s explanation) – Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate – Babinet’s compensator – Optical activity, analysis of light by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter. 12 Laser, Fiber Optics and Holography: (9) Lasers: Introduction – Spontaneous emission – Stimulated emission – Population inversion . Laser principle – Einstein coefficients – Types of Lasers – HeNe laser – Ruby laser – Applications of lasers. Fiber Optics : Introduction – Optical fibers – Types of optical fibers – Step and graded index fibers – Rays and modes in an optical fiber – Fiber material – Principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only) and advantages of fiber communication. Holography: Basic Principle of Holography – Gabor hologram and its limitations, Holography applications.
NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all units. Textbooks 1. Optics by Ajoy Ghatak. The McGrawHill companies. 2. Optics by Subramaniyam and Brijlal. S. Chand & Co. 3. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007. 4. Optics and Spectroscopy. R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co. 5. Second Year Physics – Telugu Academy. 6. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath (for statistical Mechanics) S. Chand & Co. Reference Books 1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas and P. Rajagopal, Eastern Economy Education. 2. Berkeley Physics Course. Volume5. Statistical Physics by F. Reif. The McGrawHill Companies. 3. An Introduction to Thermal Physics by Daniel V. <strong>Sc</strong>hroeder.Pearson Education Low Price Edition. 4. Thermodynamics by R.C. Srivastava, Subit K. Saha & Abhay K. Jain Eastern Economy Edition. 5. Modern Engineering Physics by A.S. Vasudeva. S.Chand & Co. Publications. 6. Feyman’s Lectures on Physics Vol. 1,2,3 & 4. Narosa Publications. 7. Fundamentals of Optics by Jenkins A. Francis and White E. Harvey, McGraw Hill Inc.
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