annual report - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
annual report - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
annual report - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
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ANNUAL REPORT<br />
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE<br />
(Indian Councl <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Research)<br />
141, MARSHALS ROAD, EGMORE, MADRAS 600 008
ANNUAL REPORT<br />
1995 - 96<br />
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISIIWATER AQUACULTURE<br />
(INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCN<br />
141, MARSHALLS ROAD, MADRAS800 008
Published by<br />
Dr. K. Alrgarswami<br />
Director<br />
Edited by<br />
hlu~r~awar Sultana<br />
and<br />
Nl. Kathirvel<br />
Senior Scientists<br />
Assistance<br />
P. M. Abdul Kadir<br />
-Pechtiical Officer
CONTENTS<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
Brief historical background<br />
Mandate<br />
Infrastructure Development<br />
Organisation<br />
Budget<br />
Major research accomplishments<br />
GENERAL INFORMATION<br />
<strong>Institute</strong>'s Manabmment Committee<br />
Staff Research C'ouncil<br />
Research Advisory Committee <strong>of</strong> thc <strong>Institute</strong><br />
Special World ));ink Hevicw C'ommi~tcr or Nhlll' (1'h;isc 11)<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> Joint St;irf C'ouncil<br />
AKSISKFNli'I' I1nk-A\sislctl Pn~jcc~<br />
Other trainings<br />
Manpower dcvclol~n~cnc<br />
Seminars/Svrnpc)siw.Work\hop\<br />
Seminars held in thc Inslilulc<br />
I .ectures<br />
Mectin&s/Conl.cienccs<br />
Honours and Awards<br />
I .ibrary. 1nform;it ion and 1 )ocumcr~t.t.~i )n<br />
I'uhlications<br />
Visitors
PROGRESS OF RESEARCH<br />
Crustacean (:ulturc Division<br />
I.'ish Culture Ilivision<br />
'l'echnoloa Improvement Division<br />
Aqueculture 1;ngineering and Environment Division<br />
Iixtension, 1:cnnomics and Information Division<br />
t:xtcrnally Fundcd I'rc~jects<br />
LIST OF PljRLlCATlONS<br />
PERSONNEL<br />
ANNEXURE
Brief Historical Backgmund<br />
<strong>Brackishwater</strong> aquaculture has ken<br />
identified as one <strong>of</strong> the high potential area<br />
for increasing fish and shellfish pr~duction<br />
and for deriving maximum economic and w-<br />
cia1 benefits such as better utilis;ttion <strong>of</strong> unprtductive<br />
and marginally productive coastal<br />
lands, swamps and brackishwater hodics.<br />
augmenting production for export and loreign<br />
exchang earnings, support to fotd security<br />
system, establishment <strong>of</strong> ancillary<br />
industries, generation <strong>of</strong> employment and<br />
improving the socio-economic conditions ol<br />
rural ptmr. As all these activities require<br />
adequate and continuous R 6i D support.<br />
the Indian Cnuncil <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Research<br />
sanctioned the cstablishmenl <strong>of</strong> the ('cntr;tl<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brackishwater</strong> Aquaculturc during<br />
the 7th Plan period with effect from<br />
1.4.1985, by reorganisation <strong>of</strong> the then existing<br />
Fisheries Research <strong>Institute</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the<br />
C~)uncil. The Institutc started functioning<br />
independently since April 1987. The Ileadquarters<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Institutc is located in Madras<br />
City with field and farm facilities at Muttukadu,<br />
about 30 km south <strong>of</strong> Madras. The<br />
Institutc has three Rescarch Centres located<br />
at Kskdwip (West &ngal). Puri (Oriwi) and<br />
Nitrakkal (Kerala).<br />
Mandate<br />
The lnstitute has the following m;rn<br />
date:<br />
- 'I oconduct research for development<br />
<strong>of</strong> techno-economically viable and<br />
sustainable culture systems for finfish<br />
and shellfish in brackishwater<br />
- To act as a rcpoaitory <strong>of</strong> inbrmation<br />
on brnckishw;~ter fisher) resourcea<br />
with a systematic datahw<br />
- To undertake transfer <strong>of</strong> technology<br />
through training, education and extension<br />
education programmes<br />
- 'Sn prtwide consultan~y service<br />
Infmtmctum development<br />
The fish hrtw>dst(rk holding tanks at<br />
Muttukadu with a total seawater holdingcapacily<br />
<strong>of</strong> 500 t havc hecn completed. Ihe<br />
shrimp hatchery complex at Muttukndu is<br />
nearing completion. 7'hc fish hatchery and<br />
feed mill at Muttukadu arc under construction.<br />
Reconstruction work relating to "A" series<br />
yx~nds at Muttukadu is also in propcss.<br />
Fquipmcnth imported during 105.96<br />
are: Fraction collector, micro-plat? II.ISA<br />
readcr. thcrmocyclcr, histu-ernkddcr and<br />
Kjcltec autosystem, Dcsidea. Super A'1'-380<br />
computer, dot matrix printers, c(xrling incuhittor.<br />
I%OI) incuhator, quick scal V series Itrr<br />
vacuum packing, dccpIrce/.cr, elcctrtrnic<br />
typcwritcr, portnhlc ilutomatic Icvclling instrument<br />
end ? KVA uninterrupted ptrwcr<br />
supply system wcrc illxr atldcd 111 the Lbor;tlorics.<br />
Other f;~cilitics i~dded to the <strong>Institute</strong><br />
include ;I mini-bus acquired during the year<br />
for the trensportation <strong>of</strong> Scicntirts/Stt~fI to<br />
the Muttukittlu ficld centre.<br />
Organisation<br />
'Ihc research programmcsol ~ hc Inatitutc<br />
were cilrried out under the Iollowing 5<br />
divisions<br />
I. ('ru\t:ice;in C'ulture 1)ivisiirn<br />
((X~Ij)<br />
2. Fish Culture Ilivision (I.'('I))<br />
3. 'lechnology Improvement Division<br />
rnn)<br />
4. <strong>Aquaculture</strong> lingincuring and<br />
Ihvironment Division (Ali & I:I))<br />
5. f:xtcnsion, ECUnomich and<br />
Inlormation Ilivision (131: & ID)<br />
Maintenance <strong>of</strong> hrtwdstock, breeding<br />
and larval rearing <strong>of</strong> Penueus monodon and<br />
P. mdicus, grow-out culture <strong>of</strong> penaeid
shrimp in different ecosystems, culture <strong>of</strong><br />
live food organisms and crab CU~~UI~ were<br />
taken up by the Crustacean Culture Division.<br />
Broodstock maintenance, breeding and culture<br />
<strong>of</strong> brackishwater fishes were dealt with<br />
by the Fish Culture Division. Research on<br />
nutritional aspects <strong>of</strong> fish and shrimp, feed<br />
technology, pathology, reproductive physiology<br />
and genetics programmes were taken up<br />
by the Technology Improvement 1)ivision.<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> Engineering and Environment<br />
Division (unit) conducted studies on hrackishwater<br />
environment, soil and water quality<br />
and productivity management for sustainable<br />
shrimp farming hatchery design and<br />
layout system, design and dcvelopmcnl <strong>of</strong><br />
machinery and structures and use <strong>of</strong> nonu~nventional<br />
eneru resources for i~quaculturc<br />
operations. 'Ihe Iktcnsion, 1:conomics<br />
and Information 1)ivision (unit) Itxiked after<br />
the technolorn tri~nsfer programmes, aquilculture<br />
emnomics and development <strong>of</strong> dalabits<br />
on hrackiqhwater fishcry resrurccz. 'Ihe<br />
1.ihraty and lcchnical Cell were undcr the<br />
responsibility <strong>of</strong> i~ Scientist each. An Engineering<br />
CkII attended to the u)nstruction<br />
works <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Institute</strong>.<br />
A total numkr <strong>of</strong> 17 pro,jects (I4 dcpartmental<br />
and 3 sponsored) were undcrtaken<br />
during the year.<br />
1)uring the year 199.5-96 an expenditure<br />
<strong>of</strong> Rs 146.97 lakhs under Plan and Ks<br />
YY.OI lr~kht, undcr Non-Plan was incurrcd hy<br />
the <strong>Institute</strong>.<br />
Major reeearrh accomplishments<br />
Extensive investigations have heen<br />
urnductcd on the while spot disease which<br />
has ken rampant since Novemher 1994 HIfecting<br />
white at, well as tiger ~hrimp <strong>of</strong> all<br />
sises from larval stages to broodstock in the<br />
shrimp hatcheries and farms in the coa~tal<br />
districts<strong>of</strong>lbmil Nadu, hndhra Radcsh and<br />
Orissil irrespective <strong>of</strong> management practices.<br />
'lhe causative agent was identified to Ix: a<br />
virus, the Systemic Ectodermal and<br />
Mesodermal Rmulovirus (SEMBV). Survey<br />
<strong>of</strong> shrimp farms along the east mast revealed<br />
that apart from the white spot disease problem<br />
Monodon Haculovirus (MBV) disease<br />
and luminestent bacterial disease were also<br />
prevalent. In view <strong>of</strong> the recurrent disease<br />
and mortality problems in shrimp farms duringthe<br />
last two years, the <strong>Institute</strong> has taken<br />
up diseasc diagnosis as one <strong>of</strong> its priority<br />
research areas. Lliagnostic tests I~u., Dot Immunoassay<br />
and ELISA(En7yme-linked Immunox~rbent<br />
Aqsay) have been standardised<br />
for the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> shrimp bacterial dise~ses<br />
cau;ed by Vrbno parc~haeinolytrru.~, Rveudo-<br />
~nonus sp. and Aeromonas sp. Advanced<br />
techniques <strong>of</strong> immunodiagnostics and gene<br />
probes are king developed for rapid diagnosis<br />
<strong>of</strong> shrimp diseases.<br />
Studies on environmental impact assessment<br />
have shown that deterioration in<br />
water quality and unscientific manabcment<br />
meilsures have ken primarily responsible lor<br />
the disease outbreaks. In this connection the<br />
Institule has built up a significant datahiise<br />
on physical, chemical and biological parameters<br />
c)f shrimp culture systems and farm effluents<br />
hascd on~hich it has helped the Union<br />
Ministry ol Agriculture and the Govts. <strong>of</strong><br />
Andhri~ l'radesh and Tamil Nadu in formulating<br />
guidelines for aquaculture and standards<br />
for Siirm effluent
Under the fsh culture programmes,<br />
pen culture <strong>of</strong> rnilkfish Chnnos chnnnr at<br />
Muttukadu gave enwumgingresults. Over a<br />
priod <strong>of</strong> 6 months, at a stocking density <strong>of</strong><br />
5000 no./ha and with supplementary feeds,<br />
the fishes reached an averagc size <strong>of</strong> 2%<br />
d l 9 5 g from an initial average size <strong>of</strong> 120<br />
d l 3 g. The growth <strong>of</strong> pearlspol Etrr~plus<br />
stirafensu under integrated farming with<br />
poultry at Narakhl was also encouraging,<br />
recording an averagc growth <strong>of</strong> 170 mm/liN<br />
g from an initial average <strong>of</strong> 77 mmUO g.<br />
Significant advances have ken made<br />
in the feed formulation progammcs, with<br />
further improvements in the dcvclopmcnt <strong>of</strong><br />
freeze-dried micro-particulate diets (50, 1iX)<br />
and 500 microns) for shrimp 1arv;lc and<br />
postlarvac. The milk protein catstin was replaced<br />
by an equivalent amount <strong>of</strong> duck ej@<br />
and total lipid w~ increased with the addition<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish oil. A comhination <strong>of</strong> micro- particulate<br />
feeds along with diatoms w;i\<br />
succcnfully tcstedonl'. monodon lilwae. EIforts<br />
are on for improvement in digc:ectihility<br />
<strong>of</strong> feeds and enhancement 01 conversion efficiencies<br />
through biotcchnological approach<br />
by hioconverting selected feed ingredients<br />
using wlid-state fermcnt;ltion and production<br />
and testing 01 prohiotics in shrimp Iced,<br />
lixperimcnts on thc use ol hinders for<br />
improving the water sttlhility 01 lccd pcllclh<br />
indicated that whci~t glutcn tnct~rp(lratcd<br />
4 to 5 %in the pellets served as a good binder<br />
imparting a water stability beyond 6 hours.<br />
Gwxcberry as a source <strong>of</strong> vitamin C, incor-<br />
porated in standard shrimp diets at 36<br />
level,<br />
gave better growth and survival in P. monodon<br />
compnred to diets fortified with other<br />
sources <strong>of</strong> vitamin C.<br />
Field testing <strong>of</strong> several grow-out<br />
shrimp feed formulations developed by the<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> has bccn initiiited. A technology<br />
packitgc has ken developed for small-=ale<br />
shrimp lccd prc~csvingnnd prtxluction using<br />
;I nulrilionnlly hali~nced feed formulation<br />
with indigenour ingredient$, to cilter to lhe<br />
nccds ol small ;in11 medium shrimp farmers<br />
practising improved cxtensivc i~nd semi- inlensive<br />
cc~lturc 111 ligr rhr~mp I' monodon.<br />
Ihc <strong>Institute</strong> has ;llso dcvelopcd lilyout<br />
and designs lor heckyilrd and sm;tll-scalc<br />
shrimp hetchcv \I:., 2, 5 itnd 10 millil)n c;~pacttic$.<br />
Survcy and cv;llu;ltion 111 dillcrrnt<br />
shrimp farming practices war continued in<br />
the stiltes <strong>of</strong> Mtihart~slit~:~. (;o;l :1i111 li~mil<br />
Nadu tlnd in the linion I crrilory <strong>of</strong> I'ondi~<br />
chcry, covering ;I tot;11 01 4X Lcrrnv with ;i<br />
witler-5prc;td ilrcii <strong>of</strong> 541 .Oh hcctarcs. 1)cvclopmcnt<br />
01 di~ti~h;rse on hri~ckishwitter fishcv<br />
lcsourcer i\ also in progrcsr.<br />
K. Alsgurswe~~~i<br />
1)ircctor
GENERAL INFORMATION<br />
<strong>Institute</strong>'s Management Committee<br />
The tenth and eleventh rneeling c~f<br />
the Management Committee <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Institute</strong><br />
were held on 7 September 1995 and 22 February<br />
1996 respectively.<br />
Staff Reseiwh Council<br />
'Ihe second and third meeting <strong>of</strong> the<br />
newly constituted Staff Research Council <strong>of</strong><br />
thc lnstitute were held on 5-6 Scptemkr<br />
I995 and 18-IY March 1996 respectively, to<br />
review the progess <strong>of</strong> work in the various<br />
on-going research project5 and to formulaic<br />
ttnd finalir pro,jecl proposals for the next<br />
year.<br />
Reseaqh Advisory Committee <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Institute</strong><br />
'Ihc scc~nd mceting <strong>of</strong> the Kescarch<br />
Advisory (i)mmi~tec(IlAC) <strong>of</strong> the lnctilutc<br />
w;~\ held on 23-24 Fchruary 1996. 'l'hc ma.jor<br />
rca~mmemdation~su~~sti~~ns <strong>of</strong> thc I
ICAR, Dr. K. N. Singh, Assistant Director<br />
General (NARP), Shri. M. Ranadhir, Director,<br />
<strong>Central</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Freshwater <strong>Aquaculture</strong>,<br />
Dr. K. Alagarswami, Director. <strong>Central</strong><br />
<strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Brackishwater</strong> <strong>Aquaculture</strong>. Dr.<br />
S. Ayyappan Principal Scientist, <strong>Central</strong> <strong>Institute</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> Freshwater <strong>Aquaculture</strong>.<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> Joint Staff Council *<br />
The <strong>Institute</strong>'s Joint Staff C~>uncil<br />
meetin@ were held at the Ileadqunrters on<br />
16 December 1995 and 15 March 19%.<br />
ARS/SRF/NFT Examination<br />
ARS!SRFINl~'l' Examination <strong>of</strong><br />
ASRR for the year 1994 was conducled hy<br />
the <strong>Institute</strong> at Madras from 5-7 Octobcr<br />
1995.<br />
Assistance rendered<br />
August 1995 at Visnkhnpatnam, Andhra<br />
Pradcsh.<br />
Dr. C.P. Hangaswitmy, Senior Scientist,<br />
visited Keutakudi. Kusuhcnti and Iiaridas<br />
villages <strong>of</strong> I'uri Districl <strong>of</strong> Oriss~ during<br />
1)eccmher 1995 and January 19196 and rendered<br />
assistance in shrimp diwaw invcstig~tticlns.<br />
Icchnical Assislancc wcls rendered lo<br />
23 farmers Irom Andhr;~ I'rildcsh and 1 irmil<br />
Nadu on shrimp culture technology.<br />
The Inslitutr rrndcred ;~\si\tancc on<br />
shrimpdiw;lw diagnosis and m:in;lgcmcnt to<br />
the frillowing privatc cntrcprencur\ thrtiugh<br />
11 1: 1) As: Nav;~hharath end Varun hz~tchery<br />
at Ncllorc. P'II hittchery ;it ('hinglcput. Shri<br />
Ilam Marinc llarvests ;I[ I1(w~rnpuhar and it<br />
farm at I'alayad in kc rill;^.<br />
Services in committees<br />
7he lnstitule assisted the (icic2. <strong>of</strong> ln- Dr. K. Alagarswami, I)ircctor, served<br />
dia, through Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, in :+<br />
legal contlict on cnvironrnentnl conycqucnccs<br />
<strong>of</strong> shrimp farming heclrd hy ,he<br />
- Member, (ioverning ('ouncil, AnlIon~ur;iblc<br />
Suprcmc Court <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
d;~miln and N~cohnr 1cl;lnils Shrimp<br />
1,'arming 1)cvcloprnmcnl Agcncv,<br />
A shrimp farmers contact programme<br />
MI'EIIA, Kochi<br />
was conductad from 25-31 March IWZ in thc<br />
Godavari and Krithna districts <strong>of</strong> Andhr;~ - Member, l:xtcnsion (i~uncil,('II:I:,<br />
I'radesh with the ohjcctivc olpro\idinfi ;~ssis- Mumhai<br />
tance to farmers in improving thc nutri-<br />
- Memhcr. (icncral I3t)d). Orishi1<br />
lional quality and water stability <strong>of</strong><br />
Shrimp Seed L)cvelopment, I'rcducfarm-made<br />
pellcted feeds uwd by them. A<br />
tion and Rcwarch (kntre, I3crh;tmtocirl<br />
0167 Iarmers were contacted.<br />
Pur<br />
Dr. C. 1'. Kangaswamy and Dr. 13. P.<br />
Ciupta, Senior ~ ~ i and ~ I)r, ~ S, ~ S, i<br />
-, Member.<br />
~ ~<br />
I'atcnts ('rirnmittcc., I('AK<br />
Mishra, Scientist, visited shrimp farms in , ~ ~ ~ h on ~~~i~~ ~ ,<br />
Balawre and Bhadrakdistricts<strong>of</strong> Orisadur-<br />
Living Ilewurccs, L)cpt. ol Ocean<br />
ing 23-29 April 1995 to conduct investiga-<br />
Development, (iovl. <strong>of</strong> Indiit<br />
tions on the shrimp disease outbreaks in<br />
these districts and lo suaest remedial meas. - Membcr. Marinc!lnland Fishcric5<br />
ures for prevention <strong>of</strong> discascs.<br />
Advisory Board, (iovt. <strong>of</strong> 'l'k~mil<br />
Nadu, Ilept, <strong>of</strong> Animal flushandry Kr<br />
Dr. K.K. Vijayan, Scientist, served as<br />
Fisheries<br />
a resource pcwn in the training progamrne<br />
onshrimpdiseases, conducted by Pr<strong>of</strong>. Don- - Chairmm, ljipcrt ('ommittec, to reald<br />
Lightner (University oIArinlna, U.S.A.)<br />
view the work <strong>of</strong> 1:ishcries (i)llcg bi<br />
and organised by the MPEDA during 28-30<br />
Ilesearch <strong>Institute</strong>, 'I ANVASU<br />
Refer annexure for cornpowhon <strong>of</strong> Carnrnrffee 5
- Memher, 9th Plan Working Groupon<br />
Fisheries, Depl. <strong>of</strong> Agriculture and<br />
Cooperation, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture,<br />
&t. <strong>of</strong> India<br />
- Member, MPIDA , Kochi<br />
- Member, Standing Committee for<br />
Agriculture, 'Iamil Nadu State I'lanning<br />
Commission<br />
Training underworld Bank-Assisted Ptoject<br />
lbe <strong>Institute</strong> was given the responsibility<br />
<strong>of</strong>w)nducting a training ujurse in Semiintemive<br />
Shrimp [:arming 'I'echnolop~, by<br />
the I)ep;~rtment <strong>of</strong> Agriculture and choperation,<br />
Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, under thc<br />
Shrimp and 1,'ish ('ulture Project (World<br />
13ank-assisted) <strong>of</strong> (iovl. 01 India. Under this<br />
project, the third bi~tch <strong>of</strong> 7 Rrackishwatcr<br />
I:ish 1:armcrs Ikvelopmcnt Agency <strong>of</strong>ficials<br />
from Andhra I'radesh va., Shri D.S. Sudhakilr.<br />
Shri K. I'andu Kilngil RIIO, Shri K.<br />
Kanaka Kaju, Shri K. lli~ma Ran, Shri K.<br />
I'hani I'rakash, Shri M. 11. K. S. llavi and Shri<br />
S. Janimaiy;~ underwent trilininp from 17<br />
May to 15 June 1995. 'lhc 4th htltch included<br />
two goups, the first goup king 9 111'1)A<br />
otficials from Andhrii I'radesh I~IZ., Shri 1'.<br />
Srccramulu. Shri N. Srinivav~ Ilao, Shri V.<br />
Vcntalcsw:~ra Ria,. Shri-I. Ganpadhara Ktco.<br />
Shri 1'. Ilurga I'ra~ld, Shri 1'. V. Siltyaniiri~yana.<br />
Shri K. S. V. N. Acharyulu, Shri P.<br />
I3rilhrnaji I
- 31 trainees from Inland Fisheries<br />
Training Centre <strong>of</strong> CIFE. Rarrackpore,<br />
on 19 January 1996<br />
- 9 progressive farmers from Visakhapatnarn<br />
sponsored by MPEDA on<br />
Inter-state Study Tour <strong>of</strong> Aquafarmers,<br />
on 11 March 1996<br />
- 46 students <strong>of</strong> 1st and 2nd year B.Sc.<br />
Industrial Fish and IJisheries, Dept.<br />
<strong>of</strong> Zoology, Madras Christian College,<br />
Tamharam on 20 January 1996<br />
Kakdwip<br />
- 3 batches <strong>of</strong> grass-ruot level trainees<br />
(60 no.) from Pathar Pratima Block,<br />
on 20 April 1995<br />
- 6 batches <strong>of</strong> seed collection trainees<br />
(20 no.) from Namkhana Block. on 30<br />
May 1995<br />
- 15 trainees from R.K. Mission<br />
Lokasiksha I'arisad, Narendrapur, on<br />
1 June 1995<br />
- Trainees spnnwred by MPEIIA<br />
- Fishermen trainees from Andaman<br />
b Nicobar Islands<br />
- Fishermen trainees from Lak~hadweep<br />
- B.F.Sc. studentsfromCollege <strong>of</strong>lYisheries,<br />
Mangalore<br />
Manpower development<br />
Dr. L. H. Rao, Senior Scientist, attended<br />
the course on Agricultural Research<br />
Management, from 26 July to 5 Auyst 1995,<br />
at NMRM, Ilyderabad.<br />
Shri S. V. Navandi, Scientist (Snior<br />
Scale), undenvcnt a deputation training under<br />
the World Bank-assisted National Agricultural<br />
Research Project (NAKP) Phase 11<br />
on <strong>Aquaculture</strong>: pond-bioenergetics, digstive<br />
enzymes and micr<strong>of</strong>lora in fish and<br />
shrimp, at the University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow, U.K..<br />
from 8 Auyst to 17 .September 1995.<br />
Dr. K. K. Vijaynn. Dr. K. V. Rajendran<br />
and Dr. S. S. Mishr. Scientists, underwent<br />
a short-term training courst on Fish<br />
1)iseass: An appraisal <strong>of</strong> ttmls <strong>of</strong> rewarch<br />
(light microscopy, immuno-electron microscopy<br />
and ~yttxhernistry) organised hy the<br />
1)cpt. <strong>of</strong> Zoology, University <strong>of</strong> Madras, under<br />
the sponsorship <strong>of</strong> thc British Council<br />
Ilivision, Madras, from 21-26 August 1995.<br />
Dr. K. K. Krishnt~ni, Scientist, undcrwent<br />
training on Hiodcgadalion <strong>of</strong> Chlorinated<br />
Pesticides, sponsored hy the apt. <strong>of</strong><br />
Biotechnology, nl Indu,trial 'Ii~xicology Kesearch<br />
Ccntrc (('SIR), I.ucknt~w. from 21<br />
August lo R Seplemher 1905.<br />
Dr. M. Krishntln, Scientist (Senior<br />
Scale) undenvent training at South East<br />
Asian Fihheries Oevclopmcnt ('cntrc,<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> Dept.. '1-ighuan, Iltlik), the Philippines,<br />
under thc JlCA fellowship for Third<br />
Guntries 'l'raining I'rogramme, [rclm 27<br />
September to 25 Novemkr 1095.<br />
I)r. S. M. I'ill;~i, .knior Scicnlisl, participated<br />
in the International 'l'raining<br />
(i)ursc for Fisheries I
Madras, 5-6 April 1995 and presented<br />
a Paper<br />
Shri S.V. Alavandi<br />
- Workshop on Selective Breeding <strong>of</strong><br />
Rohu, Labeo rohifa, under Indo-Norwegian<br />
Project at CIFA,<br />
Bhuhaneswar, 21-22 March 1996<br />
Dr. P. Kishore Chandra<br />
- National Seminar on Aquatic Animal<br />
Health, at the Dept. <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Biolog).<br />
and Fisheries, University <strong>of</strong> Kerala,<br />
Thiruvananthapuram, 15-17<br />
March 1995 and presented a paper<br />
Dr. K.V. Rajendrnn<br />
Seminm held in the <strong>Institute</strong><br />
- Dr. A.R. Thirunavukkarasu. Senior<br />
Scientist and Dr. C. (iopal, Scientist<br />
(Senior Scale), on their training at<br />
the International Training Centre for<br />
Fishery Externion Officers in Extension<br />
Methodology and (i~actal Kcsource<br />
Management, at SEAFI)t:C,<br />
Bangkok, during 7 Novembcr to 9<br />
December 1994, on 4 April 1995<br />
- Dr. P. Ravichandran, Senior Scicntist,<br />
on his training in Coastal<br />
Aquaculturc under JICA Fellowship<br />
for Third (iluntries Iraining Pro.<br />
gramme at SI?AFI)I:(' Aqu;culturc<br />
Department, Iloilo, Lhe Philippines.<br />
during 16 January to 15 March 1995,<br />
on 7 April 1995<br />
- Shri N. Kalaimani, Scientist (Sclcclion<br />
Grade). on his training in<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>-Pond Bioenergetics, 111-<br />
gcstivc ~nzymeb and Micrt~flora in<br />
Fish and Shrimp, under the World<br />
Bank-assisted National Agricultural<br />
Research Project (NARP) {'ha.% 11,<br />
held at Laboratoire de Bioloyie, College<br />
de France, Concarneau, Cedex,<br />
France, during3 January to 20 Fehruary<br />
1995, on 17 April 1995<br />
Shri S.V. Alavandi, Scientist (Senior<br />
Scale), on his training in Micmhial<br />
Fermentation, at the University <strong>of</strong><br />
Glasgow, under the World Rankassisted<br />
National Agricultural Research<br />
Project (NARP) Phase I1 on<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, during R August to 17<br />
September 1995, on 31 Oktober 1995<br />
- Dr. M. Krishnan, Scicntist(Senior<br />
Scale), on his training at SEAFDEC,<br />
the Philippines, under JICA Fellowship<br />
for Third Countries Training<br />
Programme, during 27 September to<br />
25 Novcmher 1995, on 16 Ikcember<br />
1995<br />
Lectures<br />
The Scientists delivered the following<br />
lectures:<br />
- On Fish Feeds (Hnit and Meal) for<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, to the participan~s <strong>of</strong><br />
UNII)O programme, at ('entral<br />
Leather Iksearch <strong>Institute</strong>, Madras,<br />
29 November 1995<br />
Dr. S.A. Ali<br />
- On Nutrition and Feeding ol Penacid<br />
Shrimp for their Sust~~inablc <strong>Aquaculture</strong>,<br />
to the participants <strong>of</strong> U(i('<br />
programme, I~hi~r;~tIiitlasi~~i University,<br />
'lhiruchirapalii, 21 March 1996<br />
Dr. S.A. Ali<br />
L~ctures delivcrcd to tlic studcnts 01<br />
VI Semester H. lech-lnduslrinl Biotechnology<br />
in <strong>Aquaculture</strong> and Marine Iliotechnoltry)'<br />
at Centre fur Iliotcchnology. Anna<br />
University, duringl'chruary and March li)0O.<br />
- 1 latchcry icchnoloby lor ahrimp<br />
Dr. 1'. Ravichandran<br />
- Ilalchery technnloby for fishes<br />
Dr. A.R. 'lhirunavukkarasu<br />
- l iormonch for controlled spawningin<br />
fishes<br />
Dr. A.R. Thirunavukkarasu
- Micro-encapsulated diet Biocapsulation<br />
Composite feed<br />
Dr. S.A. Ali<br />
- Bioenergetics and feed selection<br />
Dr. M. Natarajan<br />
- Live feed organisms - mass culture<br />
technique (AHemia and rotilers)<br />
Dr. S. Kulasekarapandian<br />
- Bacterial and fungal diseases <strong>of</strong><br />
shrimp and fish - diagnosis, prevention<br />
and control<br />
Shri S.V. Alavandi<br />
- InteractionMeetingon Development<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Aquaculture</strong> Feed, at Dept. <strong>of</strong><br />
Biotechnology, New Delhi, 12 October<br />
1995<br />
- 1st meetingon Marineilnland Fisheries<br />
Advisory Board, Govt. <strong>of</strong> Tamil<br />
Nadu, Madras, 1 November 1995<br />
- 20th meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>Central</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Fisheries,<br />
Calcutta, 34 November 1995<br />
- Patents Committee meeting, Calcutta,<br />
4 November 1995<br />
- Meeting with World Bank Team on<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, M.S. Swaminathan Research<br />
Foundation. Madras, 15 November<br />
1995<br />
me<br />
-<br />
Director attended,prticipated in<br />
Meeting with World Bank Review<br />
Mission for Shrimp Culture, FA0 <strong>of</strong>the<br />
following meetings/conferences:<br />
fice, New Delhi, 28 November 1995<br />
- National Conference on Sustainable<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> at Anna University, Ma- - G1mmittee meeting to review<br />
dras, 5 April 1995<br />
the work <strong>of</strong> Fisheries College and Research<br />
<strong>Institute</strong>, TANVASU, Tutico-<br />
- Conference on Informatics for Sus- rin, 9-10 February 1996<br />
tainable Agriculture Development,<br />
New I>elhi, 24-25 May 1995 - 9th Plan Working Group on Fisheries,<br />
Dept, <strong>of</strong> Agriculture and Coop-<br />
- First mecting <strong>of</strong> the Technical C'meration,<br />
Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture,<br />
mittee for Reviewing Incidence and<br />
Govt. <strong>of</strong> India, New Delhi, 19 Febru-<br />
Causes <strong>of</strong> Shrimp Diseases, at the<br />
aty 19%<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Agriculture and Cooperation,<br />
Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, New - ICAR Director's Conference, New<br />
Delhi, 5-7 July 1995 Delhi. 26-29 February 1996<br />
- Mid-year ICAR Director's Confer- - 77th meeting <strong>of</strong> MPEDA , Kochi, 21<br />
ence, ICAR, New Delhi, 10-14 July March 1996<br />
1995 - Governing Cnuncil meeting <strong>of</strong> An-<br />
- 9th meeting <strong>of</strong> Extension Council, daman and Nicobar Islands Shrimp<br />
CIFE, Mumbai, 21 July 1995<br />
Farming Development Agency.<br />
- Governing Council meeting <strong>of</strong><br />
MPEDA, Kochi, 22 March 1996<br />
OSSPARC, Madras, 25 July 1995<br />
The Scientists attendediparticipated<br />
- Meeting on Coastal Fisheries Man. in the meetings:<br />
agement Project, BOBP, Madras, 28- - Second meeting <strong>of</strong> Expert Cormnittee<br />
29 July 1995 on Fishermen Welfare, Fisheries De-<br />
- Second meeting <strong>of</strong> the Technical velopment ad Fisheries Management<br />
Committee on Shrimp Diseases, Min. Policy, Directorate <strong>of</strong> Fisheries, Maistry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Agriculture, GOM, <strong>of</strong> India, dras 26 February 1996<br />
Madras, 14 September 1995<br />
Dr. R.D. Prasadam<br />
10
- Interaction meeting on <strong>Aquaculture</strong><br />
Feed Development organised by<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Biotechnology, Govt. <strong>of</strong> India,<br />
New Delhi, 12-13 October 1995<br />
Dr. S. Ahamad Ali and<br />
Shri D. Narayansswarny<br />
- Meeting on project ARIS(Agricultural<br />
Research and Information Service),<br />
Indian <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Horticultural<br />
Research, Bangalore, 4 May 1995<br />
Dr. M. Krishnan<br />
- Brain Storming Session sponsored hy<br />
the Dept, <strong>of</strong> Biotechnology on Microbial<br />
Pollution <strong>of</strong> Coastal Environment<br />
and Shrimp Diseases held at<br />
lndian <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Technology, Madras,<br />
30 January 1996<br />
Shri S.V. Alavandi<br />
Honours and Awards<br />
Dr. S. S. Mishra, Scientist, has been<br />
selected as the recipient for the Jawaharlal<br />
Nehru Award for the year 1995 for his work<br />
on 'Molecular characterisation<strong>of</strong> fnwlpnxvirus:<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> protein and genomic pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong><br />
vaccine strain and Geld isolates' at Indian<br />
Veterinary Research <strong>Institute</strong>, Izatnagar,<br />
U.P.<br />
Dr. P. Kishore Chandra, Scientist, was<br />
awarded the doctoral degee in Animal Cienetics<br />
and Breeding in the Faculty <strong>of</strong> Veterinary<br />
Science by the Andhra Pradesh<br />
Agricultural University for his thesis cntitled'Studies<br />
on some aspects <strong>of</strong> progeny testing<br />
<strong>of</strong> buffalo hulls', in March 1996.<br />
Library, Infomution and Documentation<br />
Library holdings<br />
The <strong>Institute</strong>'s library acquired 82<br />
books during the period. To meet the reference<br />
needs and for updating the current<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> the scientists, subscriptions to<br />
14 foreign and 18 Indian journals were also<br />
made. The library, in March 1996, had a total<br />
holding 01 902 books, 435 reprints and photocopies,<br />
250 <strong>report</strong>s and 500 miscellaneous<br />
publications.<br />
Exchange services<br />
The library maintained exchange programmes<br />
with national and international organisations<br />
<strong>of</strong> mutual interest. The library<br />
maintained the free mailing <strong>of</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>'s<br />
Annual Report and other publications lo<br />
various research organisations, universities<br />
and other agencies.<br />
Lnfom~ahon services<br />
The library section extended its information<br />
service to the scientific personnel <strong>of</strong><br />
research organisations, universities, research<br />
scholars, students and individuals, through<br />
reference <strong>of</strong> books and journi~ls in the library.<br />
Publications<br />
- Annual Report for the year 1993-94<br />
- Annual Keport for the year 1994-95<br />
- Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the National Workshop<br />
on 'I'ramfer <strong>of</strong> Technology for<br />
Sustainable Shrimp Farrniny, hcld at<br />
Madras, on 9-1OJanuary 1995, March<br />
1996<br />
- CIBA Extension Series No.1, Shrimp<br />
Culturc: I'ond Preparation. March<br />
1990<br />
- CIBA Extension Series No. 2, Shrimp<br />
Culture: Water (Juality Manttgcment,<br />
March 1996<br />
- CIBA Iixtension Series No. 3, Shrimp<br />
Culture: Feeds and Feed Managcment,<br />
March 19%<br />
- CIDA 1;xtensionSeries Ntr. 4, Shrimp<br />
Culture: Di.wases and Health mnapmenl,<br />
March 1996<br />
- CIHA Fxtension Series No. 5, Chlorination<br />
in <strong>Brackishwater</strong> <strong>Aquaculture</strong>,<br />
March 1996
- ClBA Iixlension Series No. 6, lime<br />
and its Application in <strong>Brackishwater</strong><br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, March 196<br />
- CII3A Exlension Series No. 7, Training<br />
Programmes in ClBA, March<br />
1996<br />
- CIHA Brochure, March 1996<br />
Headquartere<br />
Dr. It. S. I'artxln, Secretary to (iovt. ol India.<br />
Ikpl, <strong>of</strong> Agricullural Kcsearch & Iiducation(L)ARH)<br />
and 1)ircctor General. ICAR<br />
Dr. P. V. I)ehadrai, 1)eputy 1)iructor (icneral<br />
(Vy), l(~AI<<br />
Dr. K. Riidhakrishna, Asrl. 1)ircclor General<br />
(M.l,.y), ICAIt<br />
Shri N. I'srlhnwr;lthy, Joint Secrclary, (;ovl.<br />
<strong>of</strong> India and Financial Advisor, 1)A1
PROGRESS OF RESEARCH<br />
CRUSTACEAN CUI-TURE DI1'ISIOP.j<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> hatchery technology for<br />
penacid shrimp (CCD/HT/l)<br />
Madras : L. H. Rao (PL), K. Devarajan,<br />
P. Ravichandrm. M. Kathirvel, K. 0.<br />
Joseph, P. S. Sudeesh, C. P. Balasubramanyam<br />
Imelda Joseph, K. Rangeshwaran, S. S.<br />
Mishra and P. S. P. Gupta.<br />
Narakkal : A. Laxminarayana and<br />
S.M. Pillai<br />
Puri : C. P. Rangaswny and S. Srinivasagam<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> captive broodstock<br />
A captive broodstwk <strong>of</strong> tip shrimp<br />
Penneuc monodon was successfully dcveloped<br />
under pond conditions at Muttukadu.<br />
Adult 1'. tnonodon <strong>of</strong> average sim 160 mm /<br />
33 g were stocked in a O.075 ha non-drainable<br />
pond at a density <strong>of</strong> 0.8 no./m2 and fed with<br />
CIBA pclleted feed initially @ 3%. <strong>of</strong> total<br />
biomass gradually reduced to I.?%, supplemented<br />
with woked clam mcitl given @ 3%<br />
<strong>of</strong> total biomass and also gradually reduced<br />
to 1%. An avcrage six (<strong>of</strong> 200 mm ! 85 g<br />
(femalcs <strong>of</strong> avcragc sife 204 mm 193 g and<br />
males 195 mm :' 77 g) was attained in 6<br />
months period. 'Ihr pond water salinity \ras<br />
maintained betwecn 20 to 31 ppl by regular<br />
exchange (10-IS(#!) <strong>of</strong> seawater drawn from<br />
an intertidal borewell.<br />
Induced maturation<br />
The pond-reared broodstock ii8i re<br />
used for conducting induced breedingcxpcrimcnts.<br />
Initial cxpriments with uni1atcr:lIl)<br />
ablated females maintained in I'ItP (:ink\,<br />
with l(J0'X water exchange daily and lctl on<br />
clam 2nd squid meat Q 154 <strong>of</strong> total biom;lss<br />
supplemented with polychaetcs @ 10% ol<br />
total biomass, have yielded encouraging results.<br />
Viable eggs and naupliiwere prtduced<br />
and the larvae were successfully reared using .<br />
Chaetocem affutis and Anemia nauplii as<br />
larval feeds. 'he rate <strong>of</strong> survival from nauplii<br />
to PU and from PLY to YL.20 was 41.6% and<br />
50% respectively.<br />
Backyard hatchery technology<br />
Adopting backyard hatchery technology,<br />
hreeding and Iawal rearing trials lor the<br />
seed production <strong>of</strong> 1'. monodon were iniGated<br />
at Muttukiidu using C. affinis and<br />
Aaemra nauplii as liiwal feeds. At Narakkal,<br />
trials were continued on the improvement <strong>of</strong><br />
backyard hatchery technology for the seed<br />
production <strong>of</strong> 1'. rrulrcu.\.<br />
Quality control tesb for penaeid post-lar<br />
vae<br />
'10 evaluate the quality <strong>of</strong> seed produced<br />
in the commercial shrimp halcheries,<br />
post-larvae were collected from different<br />
hatcheries and subjected to several quality<br />
control tests which included visual obsewalions<br />
vu., khaviour, colour and activity; microscopic<br />
tests rrz., muscle-gut ratio,<br />
condition <strong>of</strong> gut, incclmpletc moulting, mus.<br />
cle deformity, broken appendages, number<br />
ol rostra1 spines, bacterial and lungwl infcction,<br />
l'orirceUa 1 %oo~itut~tn~u~n, MIIL' occlusion<br />
bodies etc. and stress tcsts vrz., exposure<br />
to 1(Kl ppm concentr;~tion <strong>of</strong> formalin and<br />
sudden si~linity decrease (SO%). Aclivc postlarvae<br />
with full gut, no muscle deformity or<br />
broken appndagc~, with muscle gut ri~tio<br />
morc than 4: 1, witbout bacterialllunpal!MHV<br />
inlection and with the ability to<br />
withstitnd stress test5 were considered<br />
grade I larvae suitable for stxking.<br />
Studiesonlong-distancetransportation<strong>of</strong><br />
broodstock<br />
Prcliminiiry expcrirncnta werc conducted<br />
on the transportation <strong>of</strong> broodstwk<br />
<strong>of</strong>P. monodon IP. indicus using anaesthetics
vu., MS-222 ('l'ricane Methane Sulphate)<br />
and by laveringwater temperatwesto26,22,<br />
20, 17 and 15'C. In the first instance, it was<br />
ohserved that sedation <strong>of</strong> shrimp could not<br />
be induced hy MS-222 at 100 or 200 ppm.<br />
I.ow temperatures ranging from 20-22'C<br />
were found to hc suitable for the transportation<br />
<strong>of</strong> hroodsttrk. P. moncxlon (average<br />
six *.M g) acclimatixd lo these low tcmperaturcs,<br />
ctiuld he transprtcd successfully<br />
for periodc ranging from 24 to 48 hrs.<br />
Evaluation <strong>of</strong> sperm qualily in captive<br />
broodstock<br />
Studies on the cflect <strong>of</strong> unili~leral cyestiilk<br />
iihli~tirin on spcrm quality in cilplive P.<br />
tnoncdon hrood~tock (17.5 - 195 mm 1.55-7.5<br />
g) revw~led thill the pcrccnta~! ol live sperms<br />
i ahnormill sperm ;~nd nunlkr <strong>of</strong> sperms in<br />
the spermwtclpht)rcs <strong>of</strong> i~hli~lcd males were<br />
not significantly dilfcrcnt (1'
mani, K. 0. Joseph, P. S. Sudeesh and<br />
Imelda Joseph<br />
Algal dhup<br />
Axenic cultures <strong>of</strong> Chaetocem calcitmn.<br />
and Skelelonema costaturn were maintained<br />
in UV filtered seawater undcr<br />
temperature controlled conditions (20-<br />
24OC) at a light intensity <strong>of</strong> 1,000-1,500 lux.<br />
A maximum cell density <strong>of</strong> 4.2 million<br />
cellslml <strong>of</strong> C, calc$mnr was ohtained in 5-7<br />
days with Walne's medium. S. costrrturn<br />
reached a density <strong>of</strong> 50,Oo cells!ml in 4-6<br />
days with TMRL medium. Mass culture <strong>of</strong><br />
C. afinis was carried out in outdoor tanks<br />
using TMRL medium and a density t~f 1 to<br />
1.5 million cells!ml was ohtaincd in 48 hours.<br />
Rotifer culture<br />
Continuous culture 01 rotiler<br />
Bruchlonus plicurilis was maintained in outdoor<br />
tanks (1.5 ton capacity) with ('hlorellrr<br />
as feed. An average density<strong>of</strong> 160 no./ml wns<br />
obtained after 4 days from an initial density<br />
<strong>of</strong> 5-8 no./ml.<br />
Brine shrimp culture<br />
The natural population 111 the hrine<br />
shrimpAt~ernia sp, in thc Kclamhakkani saltpan<br />
arca was ohscmed to hc: dominatcd hy<br />
the San 1:rancixo Bay strain. Culture 01 this<br />
spccier was taken up during August 1905 in ;I<br />
0.4 hi1 pond 211 Kelamhakkam, at an increased<br />
stocking density (11 200 nauplii,'litrc,<br />
with a view to restrict the culturc iwriod to 3<br />
months. A m:utimum densilynl252 no.!I will1<br />
486 ovoviviparous females was attained at<br />
the end <strong>of</strong> 41 dayswhen the salinity gradually<br />
increased from 70 to 120 ppt. A shift to<br />
oviparous stage (42%) with production <strong>of</strong><br />
cysbwas observed when the salinity was lowered<br />
from 120 to 100 ppt from day 41 to day<br />
53 tlowever, the experiment wasvitiated In<br />
October 1995 due to incessant rains.<br />
Attempts were made to enrich xclcond<br />
inslar Snn Francisco Bay strain A~retniu sp.<br />
nauplii with ctd liver oil emulsion over a<br />
period <strong>of</strong> 24 hnurs. Ihe quality <strong>of</strong> enrichcd<br />
nauplii in respect <strong>of</strong> thcir fatty acid composition<br />
is hcing nnalysed.<br />
Culture <strong>of</strong> mud crab (Sfljlln sp.)<br />
(CCD/CFP)<br />
Madras : M. Kilthiwel and ('. 1'. Iialasuhrnmanyam<br />
Kakdwip : I'.K.(;hosh<br />
Ihe growth ol the mud crah ScyUu<br />
t~nqurbutica undcr pond conditions at Muttukadu,on<br />
adict <strong>of</strong> trash fish @ 10'% <strong>of</strong> body<br />
weight, was encouraging. At a stocking dcnsily<br />
<strong>of</strong> 2/m2, the smallcr six group 66 mm I<br />
44 g has shown 21 monthly ~ owth rate <strong>of</strong> I?<br />
mm i I4 g whilc thc larger ci7c group 87 mrn<br />
i 90 g Il~~'c~0rdctl ;I m~lnthlq growlh rate <strong>of</strong><br />
16 mm : 7 1 g, thc livcriigc growth rccordcd i~t<br />
thc cnd <strong>of</strong> ? months hcing $0 rnm ' 71 g and<br />
110 mm '23.1 g rcspri.ti\'cly. Whc~l thc adul!<br />
cr'lhh (1% mm i 325 g) wrrc .;t~~ckcd (tr 1:nitllc<br />
monthly growth rate recorded \
FISH CULTURE DIVISION<br />
~ e dcvclopmcn~ k bmoding 4 availability <strong>of</strong> mature females in the comnwrptoduction<br />
bnCkishw&r fin- cia1 catches at the above ctnlres during the<br />
fish- (FCD/BW)<br />
perid, At Narakkd, 4 fishcs in the si~r<br />
range 5.500 mml1.6 kg to 560 mmr2.5 kg wcre<br />
Madras : R. I). I'rrsadam (I'L), subjected to a omhindlion <strong>of</strong> hormones vk.,<br />
Mathew /\braham A. K. lhirunwukkarasu, (PI1 with pimozide, ovaprim and I.HIlH in<br />
Munawar Sultana, P. Kishore Chandra, M. various doses. I-lowevrr, mortalit)! <strong>of</strong> spawn.<br />
Kailsam and SJliranee Pereira.<br />
ers occurred due to infection after hlrrmonc<br />
treatment.<br />
Narakkrl : I. Krishnan<br />
Cbntinued efforts wcre made lo build<br />
Considernble progress has hcen mdde up a caplive hroodstock ,,f scrlhass L ~ eel/. ~ ~<br />
under thc finfish hrtu,dsttxk development<br />
clmnjtr (112 fishes in the sire range 410<br />
proyammc, A cnrtivc hrotdstock <strong>of</strong> F ~Y mmj0.75 kg lo 860 mm,l~),~ kg),<br />
mullel Mugil ct.phnlris (140 fishes <strong>of</strong> si~c commercial calches M ~ ~ .<br />
.<br />
rang! 0.3 11, 1.2 kg) prtrurcd Trom thc uim- lukaduKov;~l:rm, in pindc and cages at Mulmrciill<br />
ciltchcs ill MutlukaduIKtrvalirm wcrc<br />
iukadu. Ihr fishcswerc maintained onil diet<br />
mainlained in n non- tlrninshlc carthe11 pind .li,llprcl 5,,; h,dy dilily,<br />
(0.075 ha) M ~ i l ~ on k a ~ diclo' d ~<br />
I he prohiem cnc,lunlered during<br />
lntcd maturation feeds (proximale compi$ihnxrdsltrk<br />
maintenance, w;ts infestation hy<br />
tion : crudc prolein3.(.5'%, crudc lipid 5.24%. parasites I.IZ., prnto7o;ln 7ilchodmu sp.,<br />
crud' 3.16';' carboh~dra'c 26'S4') mllnt,gnic lremalldc I)ip,l.cla,lrl,n ctl-<br />
@I 5% <strong>of</strong> hdy wcight daily. Suhscqucnlly.<br />
pepd ('1111p.r sp., I.emonfhrop~~.i sp.. I.cn?~c.u<br />
during Ikcemhcr 1')05, the s1oc.k we\ 1r;inrferred<br />
twlr c,lnslrucled I
May-June 1995 were nursery reared in hap<br />
ad ponds. The fry were reared in a pond<br />
(150 m2 area) fertilised prior to stockin& with<br />
raw cowdung @ 1.200 kgha and urea @ 300<br />
kgha for producion <strong>of</strong> lab-lah. At a stocking<br />
density <strong>of</strong> 1.06.667 no.h and maintained on<br />
adiet <strong>of</strong> lablab (the natural f d <strong>of</strong> milkfish)<br />
and supplementary feeds (groundnut oil cake<br />
and rice bran in the ratio <strong>of</strong> 1:l) @ 3% <strong>of</strong><br />
body weight, the fry attained an average size<br />
<strong>of</strong> 120mm/l3ginM)dayswitha rewveryrate<br />
<strong>of</strong> 62.5%. me lab-lab growth was sustained<br />
by fertilisation with raw ww-dung and urea<br />
@ hOO kglu and 150 kgiha respectively, at<br />
fortnightly intervals. In hapas, @ 125 no./mL<br />
stocking density and mintained on supplcmentsry<br />
feeds as mentioned above given @<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> weight, the fry attained itn average<br />
size <strong>of</strong> 86 mmiS g in 45 days with a<br />
survival rate 57.2%.<br />
Grow-out rearing <strong>of</strong> milkfish under<br />
pen culture (0.4 ha pn) at Muttukadu @.<br />
5,MX) no./ha stocking density and with sup<br />
plemcntary feed$ I~Z., groundnut oil cake and<br />
rice bran (1:1), gavc encouraging rcsults.Thc<br />
avcrap six ol fish attained over a rearing<br />
period <strong>of</strong> 6 months was 296 mm 1 191 g from<br />
an initial average <strong>of</strong> 120 mm 1 13 g. Under<br />
pond culture (polyculturc with P. indiela)<br />
over<br />
-<br />
a period 016 months, at a low qtocking<br />
dcnsitv <strong>of</strong> 2.000 no./hn find with sunnlcmen- ..<br />
tary feeds, the average si7t <strong>of</strong> fish attaincd<br />
was 3413 g from an initial zlverilpe siz ol 50<br />
!<br />
kfld6 months, Inmonoculture, withscdOf<br />
for a period <strong>of</strong> one month on pelleted feed @<br />
5% <strong>of</strong> body weight. The fishes on reaching<br />
an average size <strong>of</strong> 105 mm/ 15 gwere stocked<br />
in two grow-out ponds (0.15 hneach) at Muttukadu<br />
@ 2,033no./ha and fed on a diet <strong>of</strong><br />
groundnut oil cake and rice bran (1:l) @ 2 2<br />
<strong>of</strong> body weight. The average growth nttained<br />
over a period <strong>of</strong> 6 months was354 mm/SlR g.<br />
Nursery rearing and grow-out culture<br />
<strong>of</strong> xabass L. culcurifer was su~~essfuliy carried<br />
out at Kakdwip. Seabass seed, <strong>of</strong> averag<br />
si7e 20 mm / 120 mg nursery reared @<br />
14.000no.ha, attained an sveragc size <strong>of</strong> 142<br />
nun I37 g at the end <strong>of</strong> 94 days. With subsequent<br />
&TOW- out rearing, for a period <strong>of</strong> one<br />
year, the fishes attained an averagc size <strong>of</strong><br />
3Mm1312g.<br />
Culture <strong>of</strong> pearlspot Etroplus suratcnsb<br />
I'earlspt seed <strong>of</strong> averng si7e 80 rnm<br />
i 8 g stocked in 0.062 ha pnd ;it Kakdwip @)<br />
10,000 nc>.ha during Novemhcr 1944 and fed<br />
on adict <strong>of</strong> fish meal, groundnut oil cake and<br />
rice bran (I: I: I) @I 2-34 <strong>of</strong>body weight twicc<br />
daily, attained an avcr;igc :el/*: <strong>of</strong> 153 mm 173<br />
g in 1)ecemhcr 1905.<br />
Integrated fish cum poultry fanning<br />
]<br />
In ordcr to drvclop low-input sustainwith<br />
()[ 821 ahlc prtxluction tcchnologics, mixed culture<br />
<strong>of</strong> compatible finfish species integrated with<br />
size 4q mmll g, stocked @, 22,667 poultry farming was taken up at Madras<br />
noha, the fishes attained an averag si/c <strong>of</strong><br />
in mon,hs, Similarly el<br />
(Multuk;idu). Kaktlwip and Nirri~kkal. At<br />
IOU, stocking densities riinginp from 10,SOU<br />
no.ihuat N2irilkki1l (with only pei~rlspot) Itr<br />
Kakdwip, under monoculture a culture<br />
pcriodOl.yne year,al 2,830 20,000 no./ha ;tt Madras and Ktlkdwip (with<br />
hoth shrimp and lirh) ant1 with less input,<br />
no./ha [be fishes attained an avcragc six 01'<br />
320 mm i24U g from an initial iiveragc <strong>of</strong> 130 relying solely on nature1 production <strong>of</strong> food<br />
organisms generated by the decomposition<br />
mmi18g.<br />
<strong>of</strong> p~ultry . .<br />
manure, the growth <strong>of</strong> fishes and<br />
Culture <strong>of</strong> p y mullet Mu@'/ cephalus shrimp under integrated farming conditions<br />
was encouraging. 'Ihc poultry consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
Grey mullet seed <strong>of</strong> averitge si7r 98 laycr birds were houscd in a shed/cnges (at a<br />
m~lOgcollectedfromMuttukadu~oval~im stocking density <strong>of</strong> S(K) no.ha), constructed<br />
backwaters, were reared in n nurscry pond over onc <strong>of</strong> the pnds , Tllc fislles in the<br />
17
oontnd pwd vcre maintained only on 6ip<br />
phmmy feed (groundnut cake and rice<br />
bran 1:l). At M&M, mid culture <strong>of</strong> tiger<br />
sbrimpP.moncdonwithM.ocphalusandE.<br />
mMlgUy WM cad out in two ponds, each<br />
0.05 ho ma. In the nrptrimntal pond with<br />
poultry, P. d n grew to an average size<br />
<strong>of</strong> 18 gin 3 months <strong>of</strong> rearingfrom an initial<br />
average size <strong>of</strong> 1 g, while pearlspot and M.<br />
ccphalw reached an averagc size <strong>of</strong> 38 and 43<br />
g napsctively in4 months <strong>of</strong> rearing, fmm an<br />
initial mrage <strong>of</strong> 115 and 3.1 g respectively.<br />
At Narakkal, pearlspot attained an average<br />
size 169 m I 109 g ow;r one year culture<br />
pcriod in the poultry inlegratad pond compared<br />
to 153 mrn174 gin the control. Average<br />
size at stocking was 77 mm I 10 g. At<br />
Wdwip, P. modn ad grey mullet Ltur<br />
pama <strong>of</strong> initial average size 12 mm and 30<br />
mm respectively, attained an average size <strong>of</strong><br />
110 mm and 40 mm respectively in 3 months<br />
culture period in the poultry integrated pond.
Fdon Collector
-<br />
ELISA R-der<br />
b<br />
-- --
' 1<br />
Poultky cum fiswshrimp farming at Kakdwip Centre<br />
&<br />
3 &s aM Rhode Island Rltl Vrcty layer birds ' ' "<br />
/a
Broadstock holding facility for seabass and mullet at Murtukadu<br />
W :<br />
.<br />
.,<br />
. ,<br />
' 1 4 $2<br />
*, ..A<br />
A mini-bus for the transportation <strong>of</strong> staff to the field centre
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT DIVISION<br />
Developmmt <strong>of</strong> feeds for aq~ucdhm <strong>of</strong><br />
brackisbwater shrimp and finfishes<br />
m P )<br />
Madm : S. A. Ali (PL), M. Natarajan,<br />
D. N. Swamy, N. Kalaimani, C. Gopl, J.V.<br />
Ramana, K. K. Krishnani and M. Shashi<br />
SheLhar<br />
Puri : C. P. Rangawamy<br />
Mhputiculate feeds for shrimp larvae/<br />
post-1mae<br />
Micro-particulate feeds developed by<br />
the <strong>Institute</strong> for shrimp larvae and post-larvae<br />
were further improved by replacement <strong>of</strong><br />
the milk protein, casein, with an equivalent<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> duck egg and by increase <strong>of</strong> total<br />
Lipid content with the addition <strong>of</strong> fish oil. The<br />
proximate composition <strong>of</strong> the feed prepared<br />
by freeze- drying is as follows : protein 46.3%,<br />
fat 15.0%, carbohydrate 17.0%, ash 10.93%<br />
crude fibre 0.42% and moisture 10.45%.<br />
This feed was successfully tested onP. monodon<br />
larvae (Nauplius G) stocked in FRP<br />
tanks (each 500 litre capacity) 6) 10 no.11<br />
The survival rate <strong>of</strong> larvae upto PLl at the<br />
end <strong>of</strong> 8-9 days, when fed on a mixed diet <strong>of</strong><br />
micro-particulate feed (2.5 g/tank) and diatoms<br />
(20,003 cells/ml), was much higher<br />
(90%) than those fed exclusively on diatoms<br />
(40,000 crells/ml), or microdiets (5.0 gl tank)<br />
(73% and 40.6% respectively). In the case <strong>of</strong><br />
post-larvae (PLl to PL20), stocked in similar<br />
tanks @ 4 no.11, though the sumival rate<br />
recorded at the end <strong>of</strong> 20 dayswas higher with<br />
microdiet (2.5 mglpost-larvae) alone, being<br />
57%, than with Artemla nauplii (20 naupliilpost-larvae),<br />
being 42%, the growth <strong>of</strong><br />
post-larvae was better when fed with live feed<br />
clam meat, squid meal, polychaete worn<br />
and gingelly cake. One <strong>of</strong> the feeds, containing<br />
40% protein and incorporating free<br />
amino acids as attractants, was found to be<br />
readily accepted by the shrimp. The feeds<br />
were analysed for their essential amino acid<br />
composition (EAA) (Table 1). Bawd on this,<br />
the formulations were further refined to<br />
match the EAA pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> shrimp muscle.<br />
Feeding trials with ablated animals are undelway.<br />
A feed was also formulated for the<br />
broodstock <strong>of</strong> grey mullet. M. cephalur, using<br />
indigenous ingredients vu., fish meal (16%).<br />
soya flour (18%), groundnut cake (a%),<br />
cotton seed cake (S%), wheat bran (IS%),<br />
wheat flour (10.0%), maida (2.3%), alfalfa<br />
(4.8%), vegetable oil (6%), yeast (O.S%),<br />
Spirulina (0.2%) and vitamins, minerals end<br />
antioxidants (2.2%). The feed prepared as<br />
dry pellets was found to be readily accepted<br />
by the fish.<br />
Goosebeny u, a source <strong>of</strong> vitamin C in<br />
shrimp feeda<br />
Gooseberry as a source <strong>of</strong> Vitamin C<br />
was tested in the diet <strong>of</strong> tiger shrimp P.<br />
monodon. Feeding trials with juveniles for a<br />
period <strong>of</strong> 30 days indicated better growth and<br />
survival <strong>of</strong> shrimp when gooseberry was incorporated<br />
in a standard diet at 3% level (dry<br />
weight) compared to diets fortified with plain<br />
and protected vitamin C (Phosphate derivative).<br />
Improvement <strong>of</strong> farm-made shrimp feeds<br />
in selected areas through Farmers Contact<br />
Prognmme<br />
(16.6 mm at PL20) than with minodiet (14.4 A comprehensive survey was conmm<br />
at PUO).<br />
ducted on the use and improvements in fam-<br />
~ ~ ~ md testhg ~ l<strong>of</strong> feeds d for i made ~ shrimp ~ feeds in the districts <strong>of</strong><br />
broodstock shrimP/fish<br />
Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam and Nellore in<br />
Andhra Pradesh. The survey revealed that.<br />
Feeds were formulated for the brood- commercial shrimp feeds, both indigenous<br />
stock <strong>of</strong> tiger shrimpP. monodm using fresh and imported have largely replaced hitherto
Table 1 : kntial amino acid pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> maturation feeds<br />
Formula l Formula 11 Form& 111 Formula IV<br />
valine . 1.97 7.05 1.56 5.50 1.52 4.74 2.34 6.79<br />
Methionine 0.42 1.49 0.32 1.15 0.35 1.11 0.55 1.59<br />
lmleufine 0.82 2.93 1.55 5.50 1.41 4.43 2.18 6.32<br />
Leucine 1.14 4.07 0.97 3.44 0.85 2.66 1.34 3.88<br />
Tyn>sine 0.89 3.17 0.68 2.42 0.67 2.11 1.02 2.97<br />
Phenylalanine 1.61 5.75 1.30 4.58 I 3.64 1.76 5.12<br />
Hislidinc 0.69 2.48 0.63 2.24 0.57 1.79 0.84 2.44<br />
1,ysinc 0.43 1.53 0.27 0.96 0.39 1.23 0.67 1.95<br />
Arginine 1.63 5.83 1.55 5.47 1.22 3.83 2.28 6.61<br />
EAAI 0.95 - 0.92 - 0.96 - 0.96 ..<br />
(on muscle<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ile)<br />
EAAI 0.99 - 096 - 1.00 - 1.00 -<br />
on re uirement<br />
Ltudie!)<br />
'17'-7i)tal protein; EM1 - likwntial amino acid index<br />
used larm-made feeds. An intereslingdcvclopmcnl<br />
in this rcgion was the estahlishment<br />
ol small-xwle shrimp feed mills operaling on<br />
hire basis and catering to the nccds <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
fnrmers. Some <strong>of</strong> thcse fi~rmers wcre<br />
given advisory setvia, in feed formulation.<br />
use ol hinders and feed processing techniqucs.<br />
Fan-wale shrimp feed processing and<br />
production technology<br />
A Icchnology packagc was dcvclopecl<br />
for small-wale shrimp feed processing and<br />
production using a nutritionally ht11;inccd<br />
feed, formulnled with indibwnou.; ingcdients<br />
such K( squid meal, fish meal, dirimp head<br />
meal, wyhcan meal etc., tocater k~ the needs<br />
<strong>of</strong> small and medium shrimp farmers prwctising<br />
improved extensive wd semi-intensive<br />
culture <strong>of</strong> tiger shrimp P. monodon. Bmd<br />
on this technology package, a proposal has<br />
ken prepared for the cstahlishment <strong>of</strong> a<br />
farm-scale feed production unit for the Andhra<br />
Pradesh State Fisheries Department at<br />
I'allithumalapalem near Machilipatnam.<br />
Several requests have also been received<br />
from diffcrent organisations for setting up<br />
captive farm-scale shrimp feed production<br />
units.<br />
Production and testing <strong>of</strong> formulated<br />
grow-out shrimp feeds developed by the<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> in selected farmers ponds<br />
A grow-out shrimp Seed lormulation<br />
developed hy the <strong>Institute</strong> was successfully<br />
tested under ficld conditions in a private<br />
farmer's pnnd at Ongole, in Andha Pradesh.<br />
'lhc feed, formulated usingindigcnous ingedients<br />
I~z., fish meal, squid meal, soybean<br />
meal, shrimp head meal, squilla meal, wheat<br />
flour, vitamins, minerals and additives<br />
(proximate composition: crude protein
41.5696, fat 8.13% carbohydrate 21.9746,<br />
moisture 53%, crude fibre 4.46% and ash<br />
1854%) was supplied in 4 grades namely<br />
Pre-starter (0.5 mm), Starter (1.0 mm),<br />
Grower and Finisher (3 mm). At a stocking<br />
density <strong>of</strong> 70,000 noha, P. monodon (PL20)<br />
attained an average size <strong>of</strong> 22 g in 112 days,<br />
the growth being comparable to that achieved<br />
with imported mmmercial feeds.<br />
Production and testing <strong>of</strong> shrimp feeds in<br />
interaction with industry<br />
In order to promote interaction with<br />
the shrimp industry for on-farm research,<br />
steps have been initiated to collaborate with<br />
the commercial feed manufacturers for<br />
large-scale production <strong>of</strong> feeds wing the feed<br />
formulations developed by the <strong>Institute</strong>.<br />
'Testing <strong>of</strong> these feeds under field conditions<br />
in association with the industry will be subsequently<br />
taken up.<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> standards for quality<br />
control <strong>of</strong> shrimp feeds<br />
To develop quality standards for<br />
shrimp feeds, fifteen commercial feeds (both<br />
indigenous and imported) were ana1yst.d for<br />
their proximate composition. Indigenous<br />
feeds generally showed higher percentag ol<br />
acid insoluble ash compared to imp~rted<br />
feeds. Moisture content <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the feeds<br />
analy.sed was high (17%). Water stability <strong>of</strong><br />
pellets determined at different time intervals<br />
indicated that loss in weight <strong>of</strong> pellets occurred<br />
in the first half-hour and almost remained<br />
constant upto seven hours. Studies<br />
are in progress using standard AOAC methods<br />
to estimate the total volatile nitrogen<br />
which determines the rancidity <strong>of</strong> fat for<br />
stored feed samples.<br />
Diagnosis, prophylaxis and control <strong>of</strong> die<br />
eases <strong>of</strong> commexcially impottant brackish<br />
water shrimp/fish (TIDPISP)<br />
Madras : S. V. Alavandi (PL), T.C.<br />
Santiago, K. K. Vijayan, S. S. Mishra, K. V.<br />
Rajendran, M.Shashi Shekhar and K.O.<br />
Joseph.<br />
Shrimp farms in the coastal districts <strong>of</strong><br />
Orissa vu., Bhadrak and Balasnre and Andhra<br />
Pradesh vu., East Godavari, West Godavari,<br />
Krishna and Prakasam were surveyed<br />
to investigate the shrimpdisease outbreaksin<br />
those areas. Detalled microbiological and<br />
histopathological investigations revealed<br />
that the white spot disease was the major<br />
cause <strong>of</strong> mortality <strong>of</strong> shrimpP. monodon and<br />
1'. indrcus in most <strong>of</strong> the farms. Analysis <strong>of</strong> P.<br />
rnonodon samples from shrimp farms near<br />
Kannur (Kerala) revealed that the disease<br />
had also struck the coastal districts along the<br />
west coast. Further, the incidence <strong>of</strong> white<br />
spot disease was also ~hserved in the brtx>dstock<br />
ol IJ. rnutzdon in shrimp hatchcries at<br />
Madras and Nellore. 'The causative agent <strong>of</strong><br />
this disease was idcntificd to hc a virus, the<br />
Systemic Eetodermal and Mesodermal Uaculovirus<br />
(SEMRV). Ihe major clinical ymptoms<br />
included circumscrikd white spots on<br />
the carapace and other parts <strong>of</strong> the cuticle,<br />
broken antennae and discolourntion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
hody. Experimental induction <strong>of</strong> the disease<br />
to study the host range <strong>of</strong> the virus revealed<br />
that in addition to shrimp, crabs<strong>of</strong> the genus<br />
SryUu were also affected by the disease.<br />
Studies on the mode <strong>of</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> the<br />
virus lo the host indicated that SliMDV infection<br />
can k elicited in healthy animals by<br />
feeding on the carcass <strong>of</strong> infected animals as<br />
well as by intra-muscular injection with extracts<br />
<strong>of</strong> gills from the same.<br />
Apart from the while spot disease,<br />
Monodon Bnculovirus (MBV) was also<br />
prevnlent in the farms in Andhra I'radesh and<br />
Tamil Nadu. The shrimp larvae were affected<br />
by this diwasc in some or the hatcheries<br />
'n Nellorc and Ongole (A.P) and<br />
Kovllam and Chinglepei ireas (T.N.). In<br />
addition lo these two major diseases, Vibriosis<br />
and protozoan infection cauwd by<br />
Zoothrrmnium sp, were also common in both<br />
hatcheries and farms.
Pmdbt&fe&lmtnc~yfntpolhut<br />
bmckidlwater finfiehes<br />
Adetailed study was conducted on the<br />
parasitic infection <strong>of</strong> seabass broodstock,<br />
Lmrer &rifer, held in ponds at Muttukadu.<br />
The fish were found infested with leech, Lernanthmpw<br />
sp., Ca&u sp., Dipkctanurn sp.<br />
and Amthocrphala 5.. The affected fish<br />
were treated with fomlin (100 ppm) and<br />
Dichlorovos (1 p).<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> diagnoetic tests<br />
Diagnostic tests ~iz., Dot immunoassay<br />
and Enzyme-linked imrnunosorbent assay<br />
(EI,ISA) were used for the rapid<br />
diagnosis <strong>of</strong> shrimp hactcrial diseases caused<br />
by Vibno sp. and Aerornonar sp. 1M) isolates<br />
<strong>of</strong> bacteria were tested and 65 were found to<br />
be positive for the former and 12 for the<br />
latter.<br />
Molecular characterisation <strong>of</strong> bacteria<br />
was initiated by isolation <strong>of</strong> plasmid DNA<br />
from a pathogenic Vihrio anguillnmm with<br />
subsequent restriction enzyme digestion.<br />
Izflorts were made to isolate the DNA<br />
from the spores <strong>of</strong> a microsporidian parasite<br />
which caused cotton shrimp discase in P. indrcu~,<br />
in order to prtduce a DNA probe for<br />
the early diagnosis <strong>of</strong> the disease and to<br />
screen the intermediate hosts.<br />
Studies on the ahrimp defence system<br />
Preliminary studies werc carried out<br />
on the basic immune system<strong>of</strong> the shrimp, P.<br />
monodon. Two typcs <strong>of</strong> haemocytes, granulocytes<br />
and agranulocyles were identified<br />
and total haemocyte count (TI-lC) <strong>of</strong> normal<br />
shrimp <strong>of</strong> different moult stages was<br />
standardized. Studies on the variation <strong>of</strong><br />
THC in experimentally disease-induced<br />
shrimp are underway to understand the diagnostic<br />
value <strong>of</strong> THC in viral diseases. Inter-<br />
cbpun; duImp / fish with specific<br />
@ognu 4 development <strong>of</strong> diseaee<br />
colltrol maPmrrs<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> bleaching powder and other chemicaWdrugs:<br />
Studies were conducted on the use <strong>of</strong><br />
bleaching powder (chlorination) in the control<br />
6f viral diseases caused by SEMBV and<br />
MBV. Homogenised tissue samples from<br />
SEMBV-and MBV-infected shrimp were<br />
treated with various concentrations <strong>of</strong><br />
bleaching powder ranging from 50 to 4000<br />
ppm at 4OC for different periods <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
Healthy P. monodon (5 g) were injected with<br />
SEMBV-infected tissue homogenate filtrate<br />
or fed with MBV-infected tissue samples.<br />
Observations indicated that treatment with<br />
high concentrations <strong>of</strong> bleaching powder i.e.,<br />
1OOO ppm and above, for more than 5 hours,<br />
seemed to inactivate SEMBV / MBV.<br />
Different brands <strong>of</strong> commercially<br />
available bleaching powder were tested at<br />
various wncentrations ranging from 50 to<br />
4000 ppm (10 to 1OOO ppm chlorine) for their<br />
antibacterial activity. Tests with water from<br />
various sources with variablc organic load<br />
and peptone water indicated that the presence<br />
<strong>of</strong> proteins and organic matter reduced<br />
the antibacterial activity <strong>of</strong> bleaching powder.<br />
Various chemicals and drugs ii., wpper<br />
sulphate, formalin, malachite green,<br />
furamlidone, potassium permwganate, beniiilkoniumchloride,<br />
bromosept, tetracycline,<br />
sulphadizine, choramphenicol etc. were<br />
tested for their inhibitory effect on bacterial<br />
growth in wlm. 'he minimum inhibitory wnccntralion<br />
(MIC) for Vihrio sp. was estimated<br />
to be 100, 25, 6,25, 50, 1.5, 1.5, 50, 12 and 3<br />
ppm respectively.<br />
~ ~ ~ physiology ~ <strong>of</strong> d brackishwa- ~ ~ t<br />
ter fish md (TID/RPD)<br />
actions between haemocytes and Vihrio Madras : 7'.C. Santiago (PL), K. K.<br />
bacteriawere studiedin dm to identify their Vijayan, P. Kishore Chandra, M. Shashi<br />
role in defence functions vu., phagocytosis Shekhar, P. S. 1'. Gupta, K. K. Krishnani and<br />
and degnnulation.<br />
K. V. Rajendran.<br />
22
A selective breeding experiment was<br />
conducted with three size groups <strong>of</strong> P.mono-<br />
$on from three different mothers, to identify<br />
strains with disease resistance and faster<br />
growth. In order to rule out variationsdue to<br />
environmental factors all the animals were<br />
grown in identical conditions and the<br />
RNAlDNA ratio was periodically estimated<br />
from the three groups. Larger animals from<br />
3 mothers were shown to possess greater<br />
RNA/DNA ratio compared to smaller animals.<br />
Preliminary experiments conducted on<br />
disease resistance, indicated that larger animals<br />
exhibited better disease resistance compared<br />
to smaller animals.<br />
Studies on genetic manipulation for<br />
molecular sexing were initiated in the<br />
seabass Lates culcati~er. As a fit step, the<br />
technique <strong>of</strong> preparing metaphase chromosomes<br />
was standardised. 'Ihe chemical colchicine<br />
was injected into the fish (1<br />
rng~mI/l~ bodyweight) and blood samplks<br />
were collected and processed to obtain metaphase<br />
chromoso&s. Work is in progress to<br />
separate nucleii and prepare blocks for pulse<br />
field electrophoresis.<br />
Cryopreservation <strong>of</strong> milt was carried<br />
out using the milt <strong>of</strong> grey mullet M, cephalw<br />
diluted in the extender Fish Ringer and cryoprotectant<br />
5% dimethyl sulphoxide<br />
(DMSO). lhe cryoprese~ved milt was tested<br />
periodically for motility estimation. The samples<br />
showed a post-thaw motility around<br />
50%.
AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING AND ENVJRONMENT DIVISION<br />
soil and w m q~;lllty md productivily<br />
Soil and wakrquality and biolw<br />
prom-gement<br />
for sustainable shrimp dudivity in elation to ~~ p e e s<br />
f- (AEEDW)<br />
The soilandwater quality and biological<br />
productivity was studied in relation to<br />
Madras : B. P. GupLa<br />
culture practices in a commercial farm at<br />
Joseph K' Kri*nani7 M' and Venkannapalem, Nellore (A.P.). The data<br />
P.S. Sudeesh<br />
recorded<br />
~ ~<br />
during - the culture phase in both<br />
semi-intensive and extensive types <strong>of</strong> culture<br />
Kakdwip : R. K. Chakraborti<br />
svstems is presented in Table 2. Soil conditions<br />
were also noted during pond prepara-<br />
Nnhual productivity and its enhamement tion and after harvest. There was a significant<br />
by application <strong>of</strong> diffe~nt manures and increw in organic carbon in both systems<br />
fedilizera from culture to harvest period (Table 2).<br />
Mud reducing conditions were comparatively<br />
higher in semi-intensive culture (Eh<br />
'To understand the natural productiv- -180 mV) than extensive culture (Eh-120<br />
ity and its enhancement in culture Systems, a ,,,v),<br />
series <strong>of</strong> yard experiments were conducted<br />
using different organic and inorganic ma- Changes in soil-water interface due to acnurcsvu.,<br />
cattle dung@; 196, poultry manure cumulated organic matter<br />
ti)0.3%, urea @! 50 kdha and single superphosphate<br />
@! 330 k~h:, added singly or in<br />
combination lo filtered scawatcr held in 1 ton<br />
In order to study thi changes in soilcapacity<br />
cement tanks with a 10 cm layer <strong>of</strong> water interface due to accumulation <strong>of</strong> orsaline<br />
mil at thc bottom and the effect on ganic matter, a yard experiment was initiated<br />
plankton and benthos production was aa- using cement tanks (1 ton capacity) holding<br />
sesscd before nnd after rc;lrin# postl:Iw;le CII filtered seawater with a 10 cm layer <strong>of</strong> saline<br />
P, monodon (ilverage weight 0.3~) (ri R soil at the bottom. Different size groups <strong>of</strong><br />
nc>./m2. 'Ihc water and u~il quzllit) ~n tlie shrimp^)^., 0.3 g, 7.0 g and 16 g werc stocked<br />
tank was ani~lvscd 211 weekly intcnitl.; lor a in thc tanks @; 8 no.im2 and fed with suitable<br />
periodc)1?9dziysprior tocl~x.kingthc shrimp. Iced provided in starter, grower and finishcr<br />
'Ihe ammonia (0.iNN - 0.018 ppm), nitrite grades @ 8%, 5% and 3% <strong>of</strong> body weight<br />
(0.005 . 0.01 pprn), ('01) (5.0 - 17.6 pprn), rcspcctively. At the cnd <strong>of</strong> a period <strong>of</strong> W<br />
B01) (2.8 - 6.0 pprn) and 112S (I3D1.) wcrc days, the values ol Eh and orjianic carbon<br />
found to be within acccptilhle Icvcls with dif- wcrc found to bc highcr with finisher feed<br />
lercnt types (ir mznurc and frrtilF~rr trr;hc- (Ch-130 mV, orgi~nicarhon 0.19%) though<br />
mCnls. lIil~('~cr thc soil ~lhitsc regiitvrrd ;I with~n acceptable limits, than with starter<br />
reducing conditi(>n (I:h -7(1 to -120 m\') ern (I:h - 100 mV, organic carbon ().lhq,) or<br />
treatment with manures. Ilighcr producti\- power feeds [E:h .115mv, organic carbon<br />
ity was noticed with,cornhincd trciitnlc~~t\ 0.16?4). The concen~ri~tio~ <strong>of</strong> ammoniii<br />
(I 14.5 - 277.0m~'im."hr) At thc rnd ollhc (O.(K)S ppm) and nilr;tc ((1,019 ppm) werc<br />
pcrir~d the shrimp wcrc intnxluced for rear- also higher with finishcr leetl colnpilred to<br />
ing with and without supplemcnti~ry feed tor startcr and gclwer feeds (0.002 0.(~)5<br />
a period <strong>of</strong> 120 days. The experiment iq in ppm respectively for starter feed ,!nd 0.003<br />
progresr.<br />
and 0.07 ppm respectively for power feed).<br />
21
Table 2: Soil and water quality in relation to culture practices-study in a commercial farm<br />
(45 ha, at Venkannapalem, Nebre)<br />
A. Wabr Quality<br />
Parameten Exlensive Semi-inlensive<br />
Transparency, 100.0 120.0<br />
Alkalinity, ppm 120.0 158.0<br />
Dissolved @.yge~ ppm 6.2 7.4<br />
Total Suspended Solids, ppm 106.0 112.0<br />
Nitrate, ppm 0.08 0.09<br />
Orthophosphate, ppm 0.008 0.009<br />
B. Soil condition<br />
Culture Alter During pond<br />
Parameters period hawest preparation<br />
(Sept.95) (Okt.'95) (Jan.'96)<br />
EX SI EX SI EX SI<br />
PH 8.4 8.7 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.1<br />
EC (mmhodcm) 5.4 4.6 9.5 9.2 18.8 17.6<br />
Eh (mV) -120 -180 +20 +17 ND +.SO<br />
Organic Carbon (%) 0.21 0.27 0.60 0.77 0.18 0.27<br />
EX - Eutcndve; SI - Semi-intensive<br />
Evaluation <strong>of</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> bioaugmentors hrackishwater culture ponds at Muttukadu, a<br />
and other chemicals used in shrimp farms geared windmill was installed and its performance<br />
was evaluated. The discharge rate<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> 2 bioaupentors riz., was measured and found to vary from 300 to<br />
bio-clean and super oxygen 3 ppm each 1200 litres / hour depending on wind speed.<br />
and 4 chemicals vL., sodium nitrate @ 10 The economic feasibility <strong>of</strong> windmill was<br />
ppm, calcite and dolomite @ 25, 50 and 100 worked out in comparison with diesel and<br />
ppm for both and KMN04 @ 2.5,S.O and 7.5 electrically-operated pumps. The internal<br />
ppm, wasevaluated on the mud redox poten- rate <strong>of</strong> rcturm (IRK) was 56.6% for windmill<br />
tia] <strong>of</strong> brackishwater soils under laboratory with subsidy and 25.7%, for windmill without<br />
conditions. Preliminary studies indicated subsidy. On the other hand, the IKR for the<br />
that the dose <strong>of</strong> chemicals used should be diesel and electric pumps was 79.3% and<br />
increased to obtain desired results.<br />
52.6% respectively.<br />
Design and development <strong>of</strong> machinery<br />
'lhc prototype <strong>of</strong> he automatic feed<br />
and structures for aquaculture dispenser unit developed by thc <strong>Institute</strong> was<br />
(AEEDIAFCI)<br />
tested for satisfactory performance and<br />
handed over for use in the <strong>Institute</strong>'s hatch-<br />
Madras: P. Lakdhmanitdoss (PI.) and<br />
e'Y at<br />
M. Jayanthi With a view to develop cost-effective<br />
With the objective <strong>of</strong> utilising non- seepaye control measures, studies have been<br />
conventional energy resources ~~iz., wind en- initialed to estimate gcpage 103s in brackishergy<br />
for pumping ground water to the water farms in different areas.<br />
25
iryrmt,y~rmdde~<strong>of</strong> omalhcdt<br />
""'whstlhcly<br />
M&(u : K Alegemami (PL), L. H.<br />
Rao and P. Lakshmanadoss<br />
Desii for bPdryard and small-scale<br />
Bhrimp hatchery VK, 2,5 and 10 million urpacities<br />
for P. brdkw / P. manodon, have<br />
been prepared incorporating the necessary<br />
information on infrastructure nquired for<br />
construction.
EXTENSION, ECONOMICS AND INFORMATION DIVISION<br />
Invcstigatio~ on the brackishwateraquacultnrc<br />
practices adopted by different<br />
categories <strong>of</strong> farmers - an integnted ap<br />
prorh (Em'Exl-NP)<br />
Madras : K. Gopinathan (PL),<br />
M.Kriihnan, T. Ravisankar, D. D. Vimala<br />
and V. (3hellapandian<br />
Survey <strong>of</strong> shrimp farms in the coastal<br />
districts <strong>of</strong> various maritime states was continued<br />
duringthe period April 1995 to March<br />
19%. A total <strong>of</strong> 48 h,m a walerspread<br />
area <strong>of</strong> about 541.06 ha were suweyed in the<br />
states <strong>of</strong> Maharashtra, Goa and Tamil Nadu<br />
and in the Union Territory <strong>of</strong> Pondichery.<br />
In Maharashtra, the production <strong>of</strong> tiger<br />
shrimp P, monodon ranged from 1500 to<br />
2500 k@a/crop under semi-intensive culture,<br />
600-900 kglhdcrop under extensive culture<br />
and W900 kglhdcrop under modified<br />
extensive using both Indian and imported<br />
feeds. In Goa, P. metgutensis was cultured<br />
under extensive and modified extensive systems.<br />
Killai, Agaram and Parangipettai areas<br />
in South Arcot district <strong>of</strong> Tamil Nadu<br />
practised semi-intensive culture <strong>of</strong> P. monodon<br />
with productions ranging from 2000 -<br />
3000 kfldcrop. Kattur, Poompuhar and<br />
Vanagiri areas in Nagai Quadi-i-milleth district<br />
practised semi- intensive culture <strong>of</strong> both<br />
P. monodon and P. vuircus with productions<br />
ranging from 1800 to 3000 kglhdcrop, depending<br />
mainly on hatchery-reared seed.<br />
Disease problems were encountered In some<br />
farms in the Ihanjavur area in Tamil Nadu.<br />
In Pondichery area both P. monodon and P.<br />
md&clls crops were affected with white spot<br />
disease. Socioeconomic conditions and extension<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> the farmers were also noted.<br />
Divelopment <strong>of</strong> database for brackish<br />
water fishery resources iZ:Z,m,n!<br />
Madras : M. Krishnan (PL), K. Gopinathan,<br />
T. Ravisankar, D. D. Vimala and V.<br />
Chellapandian<br />
Data on various aspects <strong>of</strong> brackishwater<br />
fishery resources was collected from<br />
journals and other published sources: National<br />
<strong>Institute</strong>s vu.. National <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
Oceanography, Goa, Indian National Oceanographic<br />
Data Centre (INODC), M. S.<br />
Swaminathan Research Foundation, Madras;<br />
state fisheries departments and other<br />
sources. The data from the state depart.<br />
ments was computerised and is made avi~ilable<br />
on MS DOS 5.0 based s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
developed under the project. The data obtained<br />
from other sources is yet to be classified.<br />
With the development <strong>of</strong> FISHNET<br />
network, changes in data entry will be made.
Pmject funded by Dept. <strong>of</strong> Biotechnology<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> feed technology for semiinten~ive/intensive<br />
shrimp farming<br />
(drurtlon : 4 yeln from 19.121992)<br />
EXTERNALLY FUNDED PROJECTS<br />
Coordinator : Dr. K. Alagarswami<br />
Personnel : S. Aharnad Ali (Principal<br />
Investigator) C. Gopl and J. V.<br />
Ramana<br />
Feeds formulated using indigenous<br />
feed ingredients vu., fsh meal squid meal<br />
squilla meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, fish<br />
oil etc, were tested under yard and field conditions<br />
in P, rndicu~ and P. mondon along<br />
with three u)mmercial imported feeds. n e<br />
growth performance <strong>of</strong> shrimp with the formulated<br />
fecds was comparah\e to tht obtained<br />
with imported fecds. FCR values inP.<br />
monodon for hoth starter and grower feeds<br />
were 1.76, 1.64, 1.52 and 1.39 for DRT. I.ux<br />
(Waterbasc), C'I' and lianaqua brands resnectivelv.<br />
F('R values obtained in P. indicus<br />
&re 1.9; and 1.93 for l)NS and ('P feeds<br />
respectively. I:ecd productilm Iriala were<br />
rtlrried out ilnd standardixxl using the [ormulated<br />
feeds.<br />
Ilimed on the dietary requiremcntc <strong>of</strong><br />
hnth 1'. ~nonrxlon and I'. ind~crrs, vitamin mixtures<br />
were formulated i~nd ina~rporitted at 0<br />
to 2.5% level in shrimp feeds. Results ohta~ned<br />
showcd thr~thc growth 01 the shrimp<br />
was enhanced when the feeds were fi~rtified<br />
with vitamin mixtures ill 0.5 to 1.0% level.<br />
Natural iind s.ynthctic fccd malerials<br />
were tested for their attractiint 21nd growth<br />
promoting properties in 1'. n~onodon.<br />
hing thc natural materials, grciiter ;Ittmc-<br />
Ian1 propcrty wa.5 exhihiled hy fish p:~ste<br />
whilc squid meat exhihiled greater prowlh<br />
promoling propcrty. Synthetic materials<br />
such asllMS showcd lnithgreatcr attractan1<br />
and growtlr promoting pnipcrties.<br />
cated that when feed materialsviz., Oh meal,<br />
shrimp bead and squib wen ~ p u l v e ~<br />
using a 0 J mm screen and pssed through six<br />
different seives <strong>of</strong> 10, 18,38,52,60 and 72<br />
standard mesh, the digestibility <strong>of</strong> pellets<br />
ranged from55.6 to 61.4% with 10 to 18 mesh<br />
sieve and 65.1 to 71.3% with 38 to 72 mesh<br />
sieve. The pelletability was also good when<br />
the particle size was 350 microns (38 mesh<br />
seive).<br />
Project funded fmm A. P. Cers Fund<br />
Impact <strong>of</strong> brackishwater aquaculhm on<br />
the environment (duration from 12.11.<br />
1992 to 11.11.1995)<br />
Coordinator : Dr. K. Aiagarswami<br />
Personnel: K. 0. Joseph (Principal<br />
Investigator), B. P. Gupta, S. V.<br />
Alavandi, S.S.Mishra, K. K. Krishnani<br />
and M. Muralidha<br />
Study <strong>of</strong> Kandderu Cmek area<br />
The study on the environmental im.<br />
pact <strong>of</strong> shrimp farming in thc Kandaleru<br />
Creek area was u)mpleted during the year.<br />
'The study revealed that the Kandalcru Creek<br />
ecosystem was suhjectcd to excessive organic<br />
pollution resulting in a serious negative feedback<br />
to the shrimp farming activity <strong>of</strong> this<br />
area. Environmental dcgdation and detcrioration<br />
in the water quality <strong>of</strong> thc creek and<br />
adjoining shrimp farms tri~ered the outhrcak<br />
<strong>of</strong> viral and bacterial diseases during<br />
1994.95 lcading 10 Ii~rg-sale mortality <strong>of</strong><br />
shrimp. ('onsequentlp, shrimp tarmingilctivttywas<br />
sucpnded in the area till July /August<br />
IUOS. Thcreafter, A low level <strong>of</strong> i~ctivity was<br />
observed which was estimated 111 occupy<br />
i~hout 10%1 <strong>of</strong> the existinr " farm ilrea.<br />
Survey<strong>of</strong> thecreekduring 12-13 January<br />
rind 18-19 o~~~~~ 1w5, showed a prce~tihle<br />
imnrovement in weler uualitv ac<br />
L -~ 2 ---<br />
given helow': total suspended solids (TSS)<br />
Studies on the effect <strong>of</strong> ptlrticle six on<br />
pelletahility and digstihility <strong>of</strong> feeds indi- 20-42 ppm, turbidity 15-36 NU; COD 3.0 -
11 ppm; BOD 1.2 - 42 ppm; nitrate0.04 - 0.08<br />
ppm; orthophosphate 0.002 to 0.01 ppm; total<br />
nitrogenO.16 - 0.32 ppm; total phosphorus<br />
0.03 - 0.09 ppm; fne ammonia 0.001 - 0.003<br />
ppm; nitrite 0.01 - 0.03 ppm; hydrogen sulphide<br />
BDL.<br />
Wcy <strong>of</strong> shrimp farms in the coastal districts<br />
<strong>of</strong> T d Nadu<br />
A survey <strong>of</strong> the disease affected<br />
shrimp farms in the V. 0. Chidambaranar<br />
(VOC) and Ramanathapuram districts <strong>of</strong><br />
Tamil Nadu during July 1995 revealed that<br />
disease outbreaks were restricted to farms<br />
practising intensive and semi-intensive culture.<br />
Salinisation <strong>of</strong> coastal soils around<br />
shrimp farms<br />
A study wasconducted on the salinisation<strong>of</strong><br />
coastal soils adjacent to brackishwater<br />
aquaculture farm.. in the Nellore district <strong>of</strong><br />
Andhra Pradesh. The study has shown low<br />
level salt accumulation near the farm. thc<br />
levels decreasing with increasing distance<br />
from the farms.<br />
Treatment <strong>of</strong> waste water from shrimp<br />
farms<br />
Laboratory experiments were conducted<br />
to find out suitable lime materials for<br />
the treatment <strong>of</strong> acidic farm effluents. Dilferent<br />
commercially available lime materials<br />
viz., calcite (CaCO3), dolomite ((:aCO.t,<br />
MgC03) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OF1)2]<br />
were used in different concentrations viz., 25,<br />
50 and 100 ppm each for treating the effluents.<br />
Results indicated that calcium hydroxide<br />
is superior to calcite and dolomite in<br />
ameliorating the acidic condition <strong>of</strong> effluents.<br />
It can be effectively and economically<br />
used @ 25 ppm for treating acidic farm effluents.<br />
Hourly pH readings indicated that the<br />
pH level <strong>of</strong> effluents (7.35) increased 2 hours<br />
after treatment with calcium hydroxide<br />
(7.50) and thereafter remained constant.<br />
Toxicologicid studies with heavy metals<br />
and pesticides<br />
The permissible safe levels <strong>of</strong> heavy<br />
metals and pesticides in brackishwater medium<br />
for the culture <strong>of</strong> tiger shrimp P. monodon<br />
were estimated by conducting static<br />
bio-assay tests. The % h median lethal concentrations<br />
(LC 50) calculated for Cr, Cu,<br />
Zn, Cd and Hg were 4.20,1.20,1.50,0.15 and<br />
0.03 mgl respectively in P. monodon <strong>of</strong> size<br />
rangc 33-47 mm. Similarly, the % h LC SO<br />
values for IIDT, BHC, heptachlor and endosulfan<br />
were 2.08, 4.10, 16.25 and 2.90 pgl<br />
respectively.<br />
Based on the extensive database generated<br />
under this project on environmental<br />
impact assessment, the <strong>Institute</strong> has helped<br />
the Union Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture and the<br />
Govts. <strong>of</strong> Andhra l'radesh and 'l'amil Nadu<br />
in formulating guidelines for aquaculture<br />
and standards for larmcfflucnrs. The results<br />
<strong>of</strong> this project are also <strong>of</strong> great benefit to the<br />
various State Governments in planning and<br />
devclopmenl <strong>of</strong> brackishwater aquaculture<br />
zones and to the respective State l'ollution<br />
Control Boards in their regulatory activity.<br />
Project funded by ICAR/National Agricultural<br />
Research Project (NARP II/IBRD)<br />
Aquaculhm : Basic research on pond bioenergetics,<br />
digestive enzymes and<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>lora in fish and shrimp under<br />
aquaculture (duration 30.9.1992 to<br />
30.63%)<br />
Identification and characterisation <strong>of</strong> digestive<br />
and gut microbial enzymes in<br />
brackishwater fish and shrimp and enzyme<br />
mediated bioconvemion <strong>of</strong> feed<br />
ingredients.<br />
Principal Investigator : Dr. K. Alagarswami<br />
Personnel : M. Na~arajan (Prnjcct-incharge),<br />
N. Kalaimani, T. C. Santiago,<br />
K. K. Vijayan, S. A.Ali, D. N.
Swaay, S.V. Alavandi and S. S.<br />
Mishra<br />
Studies on the changes in activity levels<br />
<strong>of</strong> digestive enzymesviz., potease in relation<br />
to moult stagt m P. monodon (size range<br />
50-70 d5-1.5 g), showed that total protease<br />
odivity was minimurn in shrimp at late<br />
pwultandpostmoult stages(617and2189<br />
pM tynsinelmidg <strong>of</strong> hepatapancreas tissue<br />
respectively) and maximum at intemult<br />
and early premoult stages (2310 and 4046 pM<br />
tyrminelminlg hepatapancreas tissue respectively).<br />
Changes in activity levels <strong>of</strong> lipase<br />
were recorded in relation lo size <strong>of</strong> animals.<br />
Mean lip= activity wa5 19.32 rnl 0.05 N<br />
NaOHig tissue in 6 hours, in smaller animals<br />
(P, monodon 2-5 g), while in larger animals it<br />
decreased to 14.37 ml0.05 N NuOHIg tissue<br />
in 6 hours.<br />
Ammonia excretion was studied in P.<br />
monodon fed with diets prepared using ttifferent<br />
protein sources. Smaller animals <strong>of</strong><br />
size group
indicated that pre-treatment <strong>of</strong> mybean<br />
was essential for itnproving feantation<br />
and facilitating attack by the cellulolytic<br />
enzwles.<br />
me bioconversion <strong>of</strong> formulated feed<br />
mixtures consisting <strong>of</strong> 5% shrimp head waste,<br />
5% bagasse, 25% soybean meal, 40% fish<br />
meal, 5% squid meal, 10% wheat flour and<br />
4% fish oil, using a mixed culture <strong>of</strong> bacteria<br />
(Lucitucteriwn sp., Pseudomonac sp. and Al-<br />
ka@m sp.), facilitates the release <strong>of</strong> free<br />
amino acids, glucose and N-acetyl glucosamine<br />
with a peak on 6th b y <strong>of</strong> fermentation.<br />
Further studies on the use <strong>of</strong><br />
bioconverted materials in shrimp feeds indicated<br />
that the digestibility <strong>of</strong> feedswnsappreciahly<br />
increased to 86% compared to 69%<br />
with unfermented feeds and 71% with feeds<br />
fermented under natural condition without<br />
inoculation <strong>of</strong> microbes.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS<br />
Numd Ali, S. 1995. Status <strong>of</strong> shrimp feed<br />
industry in India and future pros<br />
pacts.Paper presented at the National<br />
Symposium on Technological Adviuwments<br />
in Fisheries and its Impact<br />
on Rural Development,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Industrial Fisheries,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Science and Technology,<br />
Kochi, 5-7 December 1995.<br />
Ahnmad Ali S. 1995. Farm-made feeds in<br />
aquaculture-the technologies to<br />
reckon with in rural development. Paper<br />
presented at the National Symposium<br />
on Technological Advancements<br />
in Fisheries and its Impact on Rural<br />
Development, Department <strong>of</strong> Industrial<br />
Fisheries, University <strong>of</strong> Science<br />
and l'echnology, Kochi, 5-7 Ikcember<br />
1995.<br />
Aharnad Ali, S. 1995.Feed additives lor<br />
growth promotion in shrimp. f'khin~<br />
Chimes, 15(3): 21-23<br />
Ahamad Ali, S. 1996. Shrimp Culture:l:ecds<br />
and feed management, CIIM lirfen-<br />
.xion SeriLs, No..?.<br />
Alagarswnii, K. 1995. (i)astaI aquilculturc<br />
development and envircinmcnt management.<br />
Paper suhmitlcd for prescntation<br />
at lhe Seminar on Iinvironmcnla1<br />
and Social Impact <strong>of</strong>' Coastal<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, held at Madras, I August<br />
1995.<br />
Alagarswmi, K. and SA. Ali. 1995. Indigenous<br />
feeds lor shrimp farming developmcnt<br />
t~nd ilsscssment in comparison<br />
with imported leeds.Stetus paper prcsctntcd<br />
at the Interaction Meeting un<br />
Aquicullurc 1:eed Ilcvclopment, held<br />
fit l>ept.ol Hiotcchnology, New Iklhi.<br />
12.13 October 1995,<br />
Alagarsmnii, K. and K.O. Joseph. 1995.<br />
Scawr~ler quality and coast;il aquaculture.In:<br />
Proceedingsuf National Symposium<br />
on Electrochemistry in<br />
Marine Environment, organised by<br />
for Advancement <strong>of</strong> Electrochemical<br />
Science and Technology,<br />
Madras Chapter, CECRI, Karaikudi<br />
and Dept, <strong>of</strong> Ocean Development,<br />
New Delhi, held at Madras, 7-8 February<br />
1995 : 213-224.<br />
Atagnnrwsmi, K. 19%. Strategies for sustainable<br />
shrimp farming and transfer <strong>of</strong><br />
technology. In:Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the National<br />
Workshop on Transfer <strong>of</strong> Technology<br />
for Sustainable Shrimp<br />
Farming, held at Madras, 9-10 January<br />
1995. K. Alagarswami (Ed.): 29-42.<br />
Alavandi, S. V, K. K. Vijayan, K.V. Rajendran<br />
and S. S. Mishra. 1995. Iliseases<br />
in coastal shrimp aquaculture systems<br />
in India. Paper presented at the National<br />
Seminar on Aquatic Animal<br />
Health, held at the Ikpt. <strong>of</strong> Aquatic<br />
I3iolop and Fisheries, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 15-17<br />
March 1995.<br />
Alavandi, S. V, K. K. Viayun, K. V. Rajendrun<br />
and S. S. Mishra. 1995. Diseasc<br />
prohlems in Indian shrimp Iarrning<br />
wclor: Scope <strong>of</strong> management for sustainable<br />
production.Paper presented<br />
at the National Conference on Sustainable<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> at the Inqtitute<br />
for Ocean Managemcnt(lOM), Centre<br />
for Water Resources, Anna University,<br />
Madras, 5-6 April 1995.<br />
Ahvandi, S. V. 1996. Shrimp culture: Iliseases<br />
and health management. CfHA<br />
tdms~on Sorier. No.4<br />
Bhattacharya, P. K. and S. R. Dns. 1'86.7hc<br />
secd bank <strong>of</strong> the tidal marsh in the<br />
lower Hooghly estuary area. Paper<br />
submitted at the Third West kngal<br />
State Science Congress, Univ. <strong>of</strong><br />
Burdwan, 28 February- 1 March 1996.<br />
* Also u~chldt.s pi~bltcatiot~:, <strong>of</strong> Sc~ol(l%s <strong>of</strong> the lnstitutr bsrd on lheu worh ~n previous Instit~ltes<br />
32
~.s, S. R and P. K. Bhattacbya. 1996. A<br />
preliminary survey <strong>of</strong> finfish and<br />
prawn culture <strong>of</strong> the Kakdwip-<br />
Baklchali ~ t npaddy l fields and impoundments.<br />
Paper submitted at the<br />
Third West Bengal Siate Science Congress,<br />
Univ. <strong>of</strong> Burdwan, 28 February-<br />
1 March 1996.<br />
Das, S. R andP. K. Bhattacharya. 1996. Seed<br />
prospects <strong>of</strong> the Kakdwip estuarine<br />
marshes - culturable fish and crustaceans.<br />
Paper submitted at the Third<br />
West Rengal State Science Congress,<br />
Univ, <strong>of</strong> Burdwan, 28 1:ehruary - 1<br />
March 1996.<br />
Das, S. R. and P. K. Bhiittucharya. 1996.<br />
Traditional rice varieties and [heir<br />
production ptential in cclastal saline<br />
soil(Kakdwip-Rakkhali area). Paper<br />
submitted at the Third West kngal<br />
State Science Congress, Univ. <strong>of</strong><br />
Burdwan, 28 February- 1 March 1096.<br />
Guptn, B. P., K. 0. Joseph and M. Mulalidhar.<br />
19%. Lime and its applications in<br />
brackishwater aquaculture.Cllt.2 I:rtensron<br />
Setics, N0.6,8 pp.<br />
J-ph,<br />
K.0. and B. P. Gupll. 1996. Shrimp<br />
culture: Water quality management<br />
.CIIM Fdensran Se&s, N0.2.<br />
Jmph K. 0, B. P. G~pta, S. S. Mishra and<br />
M. Munlidhrr. 1996. Chlorination in<br />
brackishwater aquaculture, C/&4 filension<br />
Series, No.5, 11 pp.<br />
fishnamurthy, K. N, L. H. Ra4 P. Ravichandmn,<br />
S. A. Ali and S.VAlavandi.<br />
1996. Technology for sustainable<br />
shrimp farming. In: Proceeding <strong>of</strong><br />
the National Workshop onI'ransfer <strong>of</strong><br />
'I'cchnology for Sust~intlble Shrimp<br />
Farming held at Medri1.i 9.10 3anu.<br />
ary 1995, K. Alagarswarni (13.): 120-<br />
126.<br />
Krishnan, L. 1005. Sli~tus <strong>of</strong>sced prtduclion<br />
and culturc <strong>of</strong> hracltishwatcr finfishes<br />
in India. I'apcr presented at :he Ntitional<br />
Symp~sium on Irchnological<br />
.dv;~nccmcnts in Fisheries and its Imp<br />
~ on l Rural I>evelopmcnt, I)cpurtmen(<br />
ol Indu
ia monocytogenrsbdian Vet.1.;72<br />
(12) : 1737-1241.<br />
Wishrs, S. 5. and B .B. MaUick. 1995a.<br />
Gcnamic restriction fragment analysii<br />
<strong>of</strong> fowlpox virus: vaccine strain and<br />
field isdates using EooRI, Sal I and<br />
Pst I restriction endonucteaaes. Indian<br />
J. Anim,Sci,65(12) : 1-6.<br />
hfishm, S. S. and B. & Msllick 1995b. Restriction<br />
fragment pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> a fowlpox<br />
virus isolate using various restriction<br />
endonucleaaes.lndian Vet. J.,72(ll) :<br />
1132; 1136.<br />
hfiehm, S. S. and B. B. Mallick. 1995~. Variable<br />
restriction fragment pattern <strong>of</strong><br />
fowlpox virus vaccine: strain and field<br />
isolates. Paper presented in XVI Annual<br />
Conference and National Symposium<br />
<strong>of</strong> IAVMI, Indian Veterinary<br />
Research <strong>Institute</strong>-Mukteswar, Ndnitd,<br />
U.P., 3-5 October 1995.<br />
Mishm, S. S, B. B. Mallick and K. C. Verma.<br />
1995. Electron microscopic obsewation<br />
<strong>of</strong> a fowlpox virus isolate from<br />
Panchrnahal, Gujarst.lndran I. VItol.,ll(l)<br />
: 29-33.<br />
Mishm, S. S, B. B. Mallick K. C. Venne,<br />
S.K. Das and T. K. Goswari. 19YS.<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> Enzyme-linkud Immunosorbent<br />
Assay and Dot imrnunoassny lor<br />
diagnosis <strong>of</strong> fowlp)x virus. Paper presented<br />
in XVI Annual Conference<br />
and National Symposium <strong>of</strong> IAVMI,<br />
Indian Veterinary Research <strong>Institute</strong>-<br />
Mukteswar, Nainitnl, U.P..3-5 October<br />
1995.<br />
Mishra, S. S. 1996. Need <strong>of</strong> suitahle diagnostic<br />
methods for detcctinn (11 fowlpox<br />
infection in poultry.Paper presented<br />
in 3rd Annual (bnlercnce and National<br />
Symposium 01 IAAW, <strong>Central</strong><br />
Avian Research Instilute, 17atnegar.<br />
U.I'., 23-24 1:ehru;lrv 1996.<br />
Mishm, S. S. and B. B. Mallick. I~%;I. Charncterisat~on<br />
<strong>of</strong> a I~b\rlpox vlru:. 1ndl;tn<br />
lield isolate. Study <strong>of</strong> immunogen~c~t!<br />
<strong>of</strong> virion plypeptide. Paper presented<br />
in 3rd Annual Conference and National<br />
Symposium <strong>of</strong> IAAVR, <strong>Central</strong><br />
Avian Research <strong>Institute</strong>, Iurtnagar,<br />
U.P., 21-24 February 1996.<br />
Mishrr, S. S. and B. B. MdUek. 1Mb. Comparative<br />
immunological and genomic<br />
characterisation <strong>of</strong> fowlpox virus isolates.<br />
IndianJ,l.Exp. BioL,34(1) : 11-17<br />
Mishra, S. S., M. S. Shekhur and,<br />
S.V&vandi. 1996. Applications <strong>of</strong><br />
Dot irnmunassay for rapid diagnosis<strong>of</strong><br />
Vibriosis in shrimps.Paper submitted<br />
to the National Seminar on Diseases<br />
in <strong>Aquaculture</strong>, Kakinada, 5-6 March<br />
lM(Abstract published).<br />
Mishm, S. S, M. S. Shekhar and B.P.Gupla.<br />
1996. Incidence <strong>of</strong> white spot disease<br />
virus infection in shrimps in coastal<br />
Orissa. Paper submitted to the National<br />
Seminar on Diseases in<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, Kakinada, 5-6 March<br />
1996 (Ahstract published).<br />
Shekhar, M. S., S. S. Mishra, S. V. Alavandi<br />
and T. C. Santiago. 1996. Chnracterisation<br />
<strong>of</strong> plasmid in V~btio anprllanrtn<br />
isolated from 1'. tnonodon.<br />
I'apcr suhmitted to the National Seminar<br />
on Diw;nes in <strong>Aquaculture</strong>, Kakinada,<br />
5-6 March 1996 (Ahstract<br />
puhlishcd).<br />
Vijaya~ K. K., S. V. Alavandi, K. V. Rnjendran<br />
and K. Alegarswun~i. 199.5.<br />
Prevalence and histopathology 01<br />
Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) infection<br />
in I'en'~.nnen.s tnonorlon and P.indrcrc~<br />
in shrimp farms in thr<br />
South-East ('oast <strong>of</strong> IndiaAsrun Flshsheti~s<br />
Scrt.ncr,X:267-272,<br />
Vijnyan, K. K, K. V. Rnjendnlt~ and S.V.<br />
Aluvandi. 1996. Viral epizootics in Indian<br />
shrimp larming sector-a retrospection.<br />
Paper suhmittcd to the<br />
National Seminar on Iliseases in<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong>, Kakinada, 5-6 Marcli<br />
1996 (Abstract published).
PERSONNEL<br />
(Not a Gradation List)<br />
DIRECTOR<br />
Dr. K. AL.AGARSWAMI<br />
SCIENTISTS<br />
Rindpal scientist<br />
Dr. K.V. Ramakrishna<br />
Dr. R.D. Prasedarn<br />
Senior Scientist<br />
Dr. L Hanumantha Rao<br />
Dr. Mathew Abraham<br />
Dr. P. RaGd~andran<br />
Dr. k Laxrninaraycu~a<br />
Dr. S. Kulnsekarapandian<br />
Dr. S.M. Pillai<br />
Dr. L Krlshllan<br />
Dr. A.K. nilrurlavukkarasu<br />
Dr. Syed Ahamad NI<br />
Dr. K. Gopinathnn<br />
Dr. C.1'. Rangarwamy<br />
Dr. B.P. Gupta<br />
Dr. M. Natarajan<br />
Dr. P.K. Gh-11<br />
Scientist (Selection Grade)<br />
Shri K. Devarajan<br />
Shrl I-lardla1 Sing11<br />
(Rejoined 1)11 18.3.1'996 after deputatron<br />
Irom Putijah Agro Industries Corpxati011<br />
Irom 1.3.1gY1 to 1.3.10'JG)<br />
Shri S.K. Das<br />
Shri M Kathirvel<br />
Dr. T.C Santiago<br />
Shn K.K. Chakraboni<br />
Shri S. Snnivacagam<br />
Shri D. Narayat~aswamy<br />
Shri N. Kalnlrnanl<br />
Dr.(Smt.) Mu~awar Sultana<br />
Scientist (Senior Scale)<br />
Scientist<br />
Technical<br />
Shri B.K Bnne rjee<br />
Dr. M. Krjshticui<br />
Dr.K.0. Joseph<br />
Dr.C &pal<br />
Shri S.V. Alavandi<br />
Dr. K.K. Vijayan<br />
Shri ?'. Ravisankar<br />
Smt. I). Deh)ral Vimala<br />
Dr. (Kum.) Shlratiee I'eriers<br />
Dr. S.S. Mishrs<br />
Dr. J.V. Rumatla<br />
Dr. l'.S.l'. Gupta<br />
Dr. P. K~shore Chandru<br />
Shrl. V. Chellapnndian<br />
Stin 1'.S. Sudlieesl~<br />
Dr. K.V. Kojendral~<br />
Smi. Iniclda Jowpl~<br />
Dr. K. K. Kr~shnalil<br />
Dr. M. Murolldhar<br />
Smt. M. Jayantlit<br />
Shn M. Shnsli~ Stlekhar<br />
Shn K. Rungeswarall<br />
Slin M. Kailunm<br />
Shrl C.1'. Ilala\uhramat~yarn<br />
Shri P. Iskshrnal~udoss. T-7(Enginecr)<br />
Sbn I'.M.A. Kadtr,T-S<br />
Shri N. Venugi)pal, l'.5<br />
Shn K. Wangovan. 'T-4<br />
Shn S Krishnai~, T-4<br />
Shn S. Sivugnanam. '1.-11-3<br />
Shri R. Puth~avan. T-11-3
Shri V.R. Senthil Kurnar, T-11-3<br />
Shri D. Rajababu, T-113<br />
Shri Vasanthakumar Charles, T-11-3<br />
(pined on 20.11.1995)<br />
Shri S. Rajukumar, T-11.3<br />
(joined on 28.11.1995)<br />
Shri Rajeswar Singh, 'T-11-3<br />
(joined on 1.121995)<br />
Shri Joseph Sahayarajan, T-11-3<br />
(joined on 8.12.1995)<br />
Shri Marella Ravi, T.I19(joined a1<br />
11.121995)<br />
Shri K.K. Surendran, 'r-1-3<br />
Shri CS. Sasidharnn.T-1-3<br />
Shri M(j. Sivadnsun.'l'-1.3<br />
Shri M.G. Subramani. T-1-3(Driver)<br />
Shri M. Cmpinathon Nair. T-1.3 (Driver)<br />
Shri H.li Roy, 1'-I-3(l)tiver)<br />
Shri N. Ran1e8h.<br />
Shri S. Sarninalhni~. T-1<br />
Shri C. k~iinthanarayanan. T-I<br />
(joined on 6.111.1005)<br />
Shri P. Moilickyaru. T.1<br />
(w.c.~'. 10.11.1995)<br />
Shri S.S. Malty. 'I -1<br />
(w.e.T. 18.11.1995)<br />
S11n IJ.S. Sarnanlhu.'l'-I<br />
(w.c.l. 21.11.1995)<br />
Kum. C'hnilda Mnzumdur. 7'-I<br />
(jo111cd on 28.1 1. I9Y5)<br />
Shri N. JuganMohni~ Ilaj. ]'.I<br />
(~t>incd ~III 15.2.1096)<br />
Shri M. (l~i~~nnkuppun.'I -I<br />
(~oincd ~III 20.2.10'Jli)<br />
ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL<br />
Shn S. Knshnaswurny. Asst. 1:111anu: K;<br />
Accnunts Ol%u:r<br />
Shn I'.K. Sahapetl~l. Suprintende~~t<br />
(on deputalio~~ Du~n SHI. Coimhatore)<br />
Shri N. Raghavan. Scoior Stetlographer<br />
Smt. S. Bhagirathi, A%istant<br />
siri R. ~alaniswanj, Arsiwrnt<br />
(on deputation from CtCR ,Coimbalore)<br />
Shri kB. Mondal. Assistant<br />
(w.c.f. 6.6.1995)<br />
Shri R. Kandamani, Senior Clerk<br />
Shri R.O. Ramesh. Senior Clerk<br />
Smt. V. Usbaraiii, knior aerk<br />
(w.e.f. 24.5.1995)<br />
Shri P.N. Rajasekharan Nair, Senior<br />
Clerk (w.e.i. 25.5.1995)<br />
Shri P.K. Roy. Senior Clerk<br />
(w.e.f. 19.6.1995)<br />
Shri S.K. I4ddar. Stenographer<br />
(w.e.i. 7.3.1996)<br />
Kum. S. Nalini, Junior Stenographer<br />
Smi. K. Hemalatl~e. Junior Sei~ographer<br />
Kun~. K. Suhhashini, Junior~8enogra.<br />
pher Ooriled on 23.8.1995)<br />
Shri K. Mnni, Junior Clerk<br />
Shri S.K. Bindu. Jutuor Clerk<br />
Smr K. Nandlni. Junior Clerk<br />
Shri S. I'ari. Jun~or Clerk<br />
Smt. E. huthavall~. Ju~~inr (:lcrk<br />
Shr~ A. Mnl~oharan. Ju~~ior Clcrk<br />
Shri I
Shri D.N. Sahoo(w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri N.C Jena (w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Sita Ram Das (w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri SC Mondal (w.e.f. 20.3.19%)<br />
Shri Gunadar Das (w.e.1. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri LC. Manna<br />
Shri Prakash Chandra Saha<br />
Shri Badlu Dhanuk(w.e.f. 20.3.1995)<br />
Shri KK. Raman (w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Dhaneswar Das(w.e.t 20..?.1996)<br />
Shri R.K. Behera(w.e.1'. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Shyam Bhoi(w.e.f. 20.3.1990)<br />
Shri Sits Ram Bahadur(w.e.f. 20.3.1990)<br />
Shri A.E. Raju(w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri MN. Biswns(w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Shyamlal Dhanuk(w.e.1'. 20.3.1Y96)<br />
Shri A.K. Biswas(w.e.C, 20.3.1990)<br />
S.S. grade I1<br />
Shri Rimanat11 Mondal<br />
Shri K.M. Das<br />
Shri B.K. Jena<br />
Shri M.N. Mondal<br />
Shri knulya Bijali<br />
Shri N.C. Samanta<br />
Shri N.K. Shanmugham<br />
Shn P. Arumugam<br />
Shri Baman Jally<br />
Shri R. Subramn~li<br />
Shri Sasadar Beta1<br />
Shri R.R. Das<br />
Shri Gaur Hari Jena<br />
Shri Kalipada Mondal<br />
Shri MC Rehcra<br />
Shri K.C. Samal (w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Pani Gharami (w.e.1'. 20.3.199(1)<br />
Shri Sudarshan Naik (w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Bijay Hhoi (w.e.f. 20.3.1W6)<br />
Shri Balram Das (w.e.f. 20.3.1990)<br />
Shri KU. Gopi (*w.e.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
Shri Nitai Chandra Som<br />
(w2.f. 20.3.1996)<br />
S.S. Grade I<br />
Shri R.C Paik<br />
Shn Pranesh Chandra Saha<br />
Shri Patit Pabnn Halder<br />
Shri Abhimanyu Naskar<br />
Shn R.K. Roy<br />
Shn T.V. Shajl<br />
Shri K. Kunprarnau<br />
Shn K. Iliankappao<br />
Shri N.C. Moodill<br />
Slin N.K. Jenn<br />
s~~M.D. Suresh<br />
Shn M. Sat~tl~oshnrn<br />
Shri N. 1 lnrl~~ntl~nti<br />
Shri V. Jccvoi~ondum<br />
Shri hiar (iharumi<br />
Shn K. Manappa11<br />
Shn Muharaja Mujlil<br />
Shri Narendra Natll Jena<br />
Shri Knsl~na Podo Naskar<br />
Sn~t. S. Satilhl<br />
Shn Prcmanda 131so1<br />
Shn V.M. Dhanapal<br />
Shri K. Nlryannndam<br />
Shn M. Suhrarna~~~<br />
Snn. 1.akshm1 Ran] Llhuiyu<br />
Slin M.1'. I)evadi~sati<br />
Shri V. Kun~ar<br />
Shn E. Malioliura~i<br />
Shri K.V. I)clli Rao<br />
Shn C. Sarnvauall<br />
Shri S. Kuppan<br />
Shn Uttam Kunlar Btltra<br />
Shri M. Picl~ondl(jol~ied 011 3.8.1995)<br />
Shri R. Ralakumara~~(joined on<br />
20.9.1Y)S)<br />
Slin I
ANNEXURE<br />
Composition <strong>of</strong> ~nstiturc hhnagcnlcnt Commincc (IMC), Staff Research Council<br />
Racarch Advisory Conunincc (RAC) and l~nitua Joint Std Council (IJSC):<br />
INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT COMMI'ITEE<br />
(comtituted by ICAR for a period <strong>of</strong> 3 years vide Office Order No.6-35/89-IA-VI<br />
dated 3.8.93,23.5.94 and 21.7.94.)<br />
I. Director, CIBA Chairman<br />
2. ('ommissioner <strong>of</strong> Fisheries, Member<br />
(;ON. <strong>of</strong> Tamil Nadu<br />
3. Uircctor <strong>of</strong> l:ishcrics, Member<br />
(;ON. <strong>of</strong> Orissa<br />
4. Ilircctnr <strong>of</strong> Research am1 1:xtension (I;y), Member<br />
Tamil Nadu Velcrinary d Animal Sciences<br />
University, Madras<br />
5. Shri Suhha Somu, Member<br />
'I'iruchiurap~lli(T.N.)<br />
(Non-<strong>of</strong>ficial)<br />
6. Shri A. I(i~jcswar Keo, Member<br />
Khammam (A.l'.)<br />
(Non-<strong>of</strong>ficial)<br />
7. l'l~ Finnncr and Account\ Officer,<br />
Member<br />
Sug~rcanc Iirreding Ins~itute,C*rimhatorc<br />
8. I)r. K. lladhakrishna, Member<br />
Assistant Ilircclor Cicncral (M.Fy),<br />
I('AK<br />
9. Dr. K. V. Karnz~krishni~, Memher<br />
I'rincipll Scientist. ClnA<br />
10. Dr. 13. 1). upti ti^, Memher<br />
Senior Scientist, ('ll3A<br />
I I. I)r. Muni~wi~r Sultiln;~,<br />
Mcrnber<br />
Scnior Scicnli$l. C113A<br />
I?. I)r. M. Natitrsiitn,<br />
Member<br />
Senior Scicntisl, CIIM<br />
13. Adminirlra~ivc Ofliccr. Memhcr Secrclary<br />
('IBA, Madras<br />
STAFF RESEARCIi COUNCIL<br />
(cl)n\lilutcd by I('AR klr $1 pcrn)~l 013 yearv with cllccl Injm &lh ~ ; ~ 1yo5, h "ide ~ ~ ~ ~ .<br />
Ol'licc (htlcr No. lX(!)PJJ-ASli.1 diltcd X.?.O5)<br />
I I )~rcrk~r, ('ll%A<br />
('hairman<br />
2. Assistnnl I )irccb)r (irncri~l (M.1.v). 1(',211<br />
Mcmhcr<br />
3. Shri M. S. Muthu. Mcmbcr<br />
I(ctired Princip;~l Scicnti\l, ('IItA<br />
(Ilacrnal)<br />
4. 1)r. (icorge John, I )II~CIO~, Mcmher<br />
I)epl. <strong>of</strong> I3iolrchn11l11c\. (ilwt. ot Intli;~<br />
(rxlct.nal)
5. Dr. T. J. Varghese, Emeritus Pr<strong>of</strong>essor<br />
Cdlegk <strong>of</strong> Fisheries, UAS, Mangalore<br />
6. Dr. K. V. Ramakrishnn, Principal Scientist,<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Fish Culture Division & <strong>Aquaculture</strong><br />
Engineering and Environment Division<br />
7. Dr. R. D. Prasadam, Principal Scientist,<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Technology Improvement Division &<br />
Extension, Economics and Information Division<br />
8. Dr. L. H. Rao, Senior Scientist,<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Crustacean Culture Division<br />
Principal Investigators for on-going projects<br />
9. Dr. P. Ravichandran, Senior Scientist<br />
10. Dr. S. K. Pandian, Senior Scientist<br />
11. Shri M. Kathiwel, Senior Scientist<br />
12. Dr. S. A. Ali, Senior Scientist<br />
13. Dr. T. C. Santiago, Senior Scientist<br />
14. Shri S. V. Alavandi, Scientist (Senior Scale)<br />
15. Dr. B. P. Gupta, Senior Scientist<br />
16. Dr. K. (iopinathan, Senior Scientist<br />
17. Dr. M. Krishnan, Scientist (Senior Scale)<br />
18. 111. Munawar Sultana, Senior Scientist and<br />
Officer-in-chars, Technical Cell<br />
19. Shri P. Lakshmanadoss, Technical Officer(77)<br />
20. Shri N. Kalairnani, Senior Scientist<br />
RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMI'ITEE<br />
(constituted by ]CAR for a period <strong>of</strong> 3 years with cflcct from 8th I:rhruary, 1905, vidc Officc<br />
Order No.18(2)194- ASR-I, dated 8.2.95)<br />
1. Dr. 1'.V. R. Pillay,<br />
Former Programme Direc!or<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> 1)evelopment and Coordination<br />
Programme, FA0<br />
2. Pr<strong>of</strong>. R. Natarajan<br />
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation<br />
Madras<br />
3. Dr. M. Sakthivel<br />
<strong>Aquaculture</strong> Foundation <strong>of</strong> India<br />
Madras<br />
4. Dr. H. P. C. Shetty<br />
Retd. Director <strong>of</strong> Instructions (Fisheries)<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Sciences.<br />
Mangalore<br />
Member<br />
(External)<br />
Member<br />
Member<br />
Member<br />
Member<br />
Memher<br />
Member<br />
Member<br />
Memher<br />
Member<br />
Memher<br />
Memher<br />
Mcmher<br />
Memher<br />
Member<br />
Memher Secretary<br />
Member<br />
Memher<br />
Member
5. Dr. K. Venkatluamanujam<br />
Dean, College <strong>of</strong> Fisheries<br />
Tamil Nadu University <strong>of</strong> Veterinary and<br />
Animal Sciences, Tuticorin<br />
Member<br />
6. Director, CIBA Member<br />
7. Assistant Director General (M.Fy) Member<br />
ICAR, Krishi Bhawan<br />
8. Shri Suhba Somu Member<br />
l'iruchirapalli (T.N.)<br />
(IMC memkr<br />
representing Agriculture<br />
& Rural Interest)<br />
9. Shri A. Ilajeswara llao Member<br />
Khammam (A.P.)<br />
(IMC member<br />
representing Agriculture<br />
& Rural Interest)<br />
10. Dr. K. V. Ramaktishna Member Secretary<br />
Principal Scientist, CIBA<br />
INSTITUTE JOINT STAFF COllNClL<br />
(constituted by ('IDA for a pcriod <strong>of</strong> 3 years with effect from 1.1 1.95 vidc Office Order<br />
No.l:.No.l3-l,M)-Admn. dalcd 2.1 1.95)<br />
I. llirector, Cll3A Chairman<br />
ONiciul side<br />
2. Dr. K. \'. Ramttkrishn;~ Member<br />
I'rincipal Scientisl<br />
3. Ilr. ll. 1). Prasatlrtm Memher<br />
Principal Scientist<br />
4. Dr. I.. 11. Kt10 Member<br />
Scnior Scientist<br />
5. I)r.(Sml.) Munt~w;tr Sultana Memkr<br />
Sc~or Scientisl<br />
6. Shri S. Krishnasw;~my Membcr<br />
Assi\Lttnt 1:inancc and Account? Otliccr<br />
7. Aclministrt~tivc OITiccr, ('ll3A Sccrelary<br />
SlnR side<br />
8. Shri S. Krishnan, '1'-4 Sccrctt~ry<br />
9. Shri ('. S. S:~sidh;~ran. '1'-1-3<br />
10. Shri 11. Ki~ndt~mani. Senior Clrrk<br />
Member<br />
Member<br />
1 I . Shri K. Mani, Junior ('lcrk Mcmkr<br />
12. Shri N. Mani, S.S.(;r.lll Mcmkr<br />
13. Shri 1'. Arumugam, SS Gr-I1 Memher