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UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 

LIBRARY 

This book was a gift 

from 

Hong Kong Government Printer

MINIMUM JOB STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR THE 

PRINCIPAL JOBS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 

VOLUME I: 

SPINNING BRANCH 

£fc &k> "T* T$fe 

w m JL m 

prepared in December, 1968 

Revised in June, 1970 

Prepared by the Textile Industrial Committee of the 

Industrial Training Advisory Committee 

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY S. YOUNG, GOVERNMENT PRINTER 

AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS, JAVA ROAD, HONG KONG

DATE OF ACC 

CLASS MO, » < 

AUTHOR NO, 

ii 

* RESOtiND 

73910—20K—10/70

CONTENTS g || 

Page Number 

Foreword HUM ........... v-vi 

Membership List ......... vii 

Job Title 

Technician Level 

General minimum job standards and specifications for technicians 

...... 1-2 

Maintenance Technician ftlfe&Sfj| ..... 3-6 

Shift-in-charge (Production) A . . . . 7-10 

Quality Controller A ...... 11-13 

Testing Technician ...... 14-16 

Craftsman Level glgS 

General minimum job standards and specifications for craftsmen 

...... 17-18 

Textile Mechanic &E ........ 19-21 

Electrician ^fiUSE ......... 22-24 

Carpenter and Joiner yfcEE ....... 25-27 

Plumber . . . ..... 28-30 

Section Leader SS ........ 31-33 

Statistical Assistant jRff A ....... 34-35 

Operative Level 

General minimum job standards and specifications for operatives 

...... 36-37 

Blending Mixer SflEX ........ 38-39 

Blending Feeder »fEX ....... 40-41 

Scutcher Tender M^mfi^XCM^X} . . . . 42-44 

Waste Opening Machine Tender . . . 45-46 

Card Tender (Cotton) HEffi«ffl*X C ffltS D - - • - 47 - 49 

Card Tender (Woollen) ( €*S ) - - • ^0 - 52 

Card Stripper ffiffi«#*X ....... 53-55 

Drawing Tender (Cotton) flffli«ffl*XC ffliKD . - - 56-58 

Drawing Tender (Wool) ( €*fr ) - - • 59 - 62 

Sliver-Lap-Tender . . . .63-64

Page Number 

Job Title 

Ribbon-Lap-Tender . 

Comber Tender 

Roving Tender 

Roving Doffer fi»IS»X . . 

Roving Changer 

Spinner (Ring) 

Spinner (Woollen Mule) 

Yarn Doffer £»X 

Tape/Apron Joiner J£^ 

Twister'^gX 

Winder (Conical and Parallel Cheeses) 

Reeler 

Bundler 

Baler 

Packer laSIX 

Roller Maker ftftUX 

Leather Worker ^X 

Fibre and Yarn Tester 

Investigator USS. 

Assistant Mechanic Stl 

Assistant Electrician 

65-66 

67-69 

70-72 

73-75 

76-78 

79-82 

83-86 

. 87-89 

90-91 

. 92-94 

95-98 

99-101 

. 102-103 

. 104-105 

. 106-107 

. 108-110 

. 111-112 

. 113-114 

. 115-116 

. 117-118 

. 119-121 

Unskilled Level 

General minimum job standards and specifications for unskilled 

workers . . . . 122-123 

General Worker SX 124-127

FOREWORD 

In this manual we have put forward tentatively, a minimum job standard 

for each occupation in the spinning branch of the Textile Industry in the hope 

that a minimum level of skill and knowledge, which should be acceptable to all 

concerned, may be drawn up. Anyone who has attained this level will find 

himself equal to the job assigned to him. As to the training of personnel in 

the textile field, one has to bear in mind that the trainees should have sound 

institutional instruction in the first place and practical on-the-job training in the 

second place. We, however, hope that these minimum job standards will be of 

value when we attempt the following; 

(i) to introduce a generally acceptable skill level for the principal jobs in 

the spinning mills in Hong Kong, 

(ii) to set skill levels so that Government or private bodies could act on 

them and design textile courses to be offered at training centres. 

(iii) to render assistance to managements of textile mills in mapping out 

training courses for principal-job holders in the industry, 

(iv) to help managements determine whether a candidate for a particular job 

is competent or whether a worker in the mill is eligible for promotion 

to a job requiring a higher level of skill, and 

(v) to standardize the nomenclature already in use by the spinning industry. 

The skill levels in these minimum job standards are based on general conditions 

in the spinning industry in Hong Kong. As conditions of manufacture 

such as machinery, raw materials and the like vary from mill to mill, so the 

skill levels recommended should be taken as a guide and not as rigid rules to 

be followed by every mill. 

As the make of machinery improves and technical know-how advances, the 

Committee may find it necessary to review from time to time the minimum job 

standards and duties set forth in the manual in order to bring them up-to-date. 

The Committee holds that a good worker should possess not only technical 

skill but civil spirit also. It is hoped that in framing training syllabuses, equal 

attention should be given to the cultivation of civil spirit, for the two complement 

each other. Only then will the relationship between the management and the 

employees grow co-operative and friendly. 

Fei LEE 

Chairman 

Textile Industrial Committee 

of the 

Industrial Training Advisory Committee

MEMBERSHIP LIST (AS AT JUNE 1970) 

Chairman: i. 

J& 

Mr. Fei LEE 

Members: f| A 

Mr. LAU Koon-chiu 

Mr. LAU Sai-yan 

Mr. LEE Yiu-wah 

Mr. G. S. Lock 

Mr. PANG Tze-shun 

Mr. J. Woolfenden 

Mr. Paul K. C. Wong 

Mr. C. P. Yin 

Mr. To Sau-hong 

Ex-members: |tj -££ It A 

Mr. James Wang 

Mr. J. N. Black, M.B.E. 

Mr. Michael C. L. Ho 

Mr. KONG Fung-cheung 

Mr. LAO Mou-chi 

Mr. Peter LING Ping-yat 

Mr. L. W. R. Mills 

Mr. R. Porter 

Mr. A. L. Purves 

Mr. C. M. Sieh 

Mr. YUEN Wai-tong 

(secretary in addition) 

* % ft 

(chairman) 

± Iff 


mmm 


*«* 



Vll

10. Have a general knowledge of 

air-conditioning equipment in the 

spinning mill. 


supervision. 

12. Know the various factory rules 

and regulations as well as the 

safety regulations and factory 

ordinances. 

13. Know the wages of each worker 

under his control. Be responsible 

for proposing to the management 

any minor adjustments within the 

wage scale for any individual 

worker. 

14. Understand the duties and correct 

working techniques of personnel 

under his control. 

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: 

1. Planning and directing an efficient 

maintenance scheme in one or 

more sections of a spinning mill. 

2. Directing, supervising and training 

workers in his section. 

3. Instructing and carrying out erection, 

setting, repairing, overhauling 

and scouring works of spinning 

machinery in one or more 

sections of a spinning mill, and 

checking whether the machines 

are in good alignment and good 

running order. 

4. Checking machine parts for wear 

andjtnaking decisions whether a 

repair or replacement is necessary. 

5. Using hand tools and gauges. 

6. Giving comments on machine performance 

and suggestions for improvement 

in machinery in one or 


7. Developing and maintaining cooperation 

with his fellows, 

departmental foremen and his 

workers, 

8. Administering first aid.

III. Skill Standard: 

The candidate should possess an 

educational qualification equivalent to 

a diploma or certificate in mechanical 

engineering or textile technology 

of a technical college, and have at 

least 2 years practical experience in 

the maintenance of spinning machinery 

in one or more sections of a 


IV. Trade Tests: 

1. Check the setting and alignment 

of a machine of his concern in a 

spinning mill skilfully and give 

reasonable comments. 

2. Plan a preventive maintenance 

schedule suitable for spinning machinery 

in one section of a spinning 

mill. 

3. Produce an engineer's drawing of 

a given part of a textile machine. 

4. During a tour of a section of a 

spinning mill make constructive 

suggestions on the maintenance 

of machinery in order to improve 

the operation of the machines 

and therefore reduce or minimize 

the production of inferior quality 

material, also make suggestions 

on how to economize on water 

and electricity. 

5. Answer questions satisfactorily 

on: 

(a) Why efficient maintenance is 

so important in a mill and 

how it affects quality. 

(b) The working principles of 

the various mechanisms of a 

machine of his concern. 

(c) The principle and application 

of water-tank-level and spiritlevel. 

(d) Explain in detail every item 

in a preventive maintenance 

schedule and suggest a suitable 

number of persons required 

to carry out the 

schedule for a certain number 

of machines.

(e) The action to be taken in 

settling workers* disputes. 

(/) The dangerous parts of one 

or more spinning machines 

and the safety precautions to 

be taken. 

(g) The first aid to be administered 

for scalding, cuts and 

abrasions, etc. 

(h) The responsibilities to management. 

(/) Factory ordinances and safety 

regulations. 

(/) Fire prevention and firefighting 

procedure.

12. Be aware of the importance of 

not allowing laps, slivers, rovings, 

or yarns to become mixed or to 

be fed to the wrong machine. 

13. Have a knowledge of tracing 

faults in the process and in taking 

corrective action. 




ordinances. 

15. Know the standard working 

schedule applied in each process. 

16. Know the piece rate for each 

type of job under his control. 

Be responsible for proposing to 

the management any alteration to 

these piece rates. 


cleanliness and tidiness in a cotton 



1. Controlling and instructing the 

work of personnel in one or more 

processes of a spinning mill so as 

to maintain quality, increase 

production and avoid wasting 

materials. 

2. Instructing the operatives in the 

importance of not allowing laps, 

slivers, rovings or yarns to become 

mixed or to be fed to the 

wrong machine. 

3. Tracing causes of production 

faults in one or more sections of 

a spinning mill and taking corrective 

action. 

4. Setting and adjusting minor 

machine faults in one or more 

sections of a spinning mill. 

5. Carefully and thoroughly preparing 

work for further processes. 

6. Developing and maintaining cooperation 

with his workers and 

other staff. 

7. Writing instructions clearly and 

accurately.

8. Carrying out management instructions 

loyally, efficiently and 

accurately. 

9. Administering first aid. 

in. 

Skffl Standard: 



a diploma or certificate in textile 

technology of a technical college, and 

have at least 2 years practical experience 

in one or more processes of a 



1. Indicate from given faulty products 

the possible causes of these 

faults in processing. 

2. During a tour of the section 

make constructive suggestions on 

machines and processing, to improve 

quality and production. 

And how it may be possible to 

economize on materials. 

3. Operating one or more machines 

under his control. 


on: 

(a) The importance of the 

standard working schedule of 

the operatives and its application. 

(b) Managing and controlling 

labour in respect of maintaining 

quality, increasing 

production and saving 

materials. 

(c) Production faults, their 

causes and remedies. 

(d) The working principles of 

the various mechanisms of a 

machine of his concern. 

(e) The action to be taken in 

settling workers' disputes. 

Of) The responsibilities to management. 

(g) How to develop and maintain 

co-operation of workers.

Job Title: Quality Controller (IL.O. Classification: 0-39-90) 

Level of Skill: Technician 

Job Description: 

Controlling of _ quality and 

XfFffiijfc: 

p^ressL 0 ' Paging "and" Sg ««' » 

personnel of the quality control 

department in a spinning mill. 

Job Skill Standards: XfFSflS^P : 

I. Trade Theory: : 

1. Have a sound knowledge of 1. 

textile processing in all sections 

of a spinning mill. 


fibres, laps, slivers, royings, yarns 

and fabrics. Also their standards 

of quality. 

3. Know the purpose of quality con- 3. 

trol in a spinning mill. 


textile mechanics. 

5. Understand the working prin- 5. 

ciples of the various spinning gj 0 

machines as well as the various 

testing instruments. 

6. Know the methods of statistical ( 

analysis and their applications to 

textile testing. " 

7. Know the standard working 7. »Sttj»JR*a5n±IR*«*lXff 

method of operations applied in gi 0 

each process of a spinning mill. 

8. Know the standard working 8. 

schedule of preventive maintenance 

in each process of a 


9. Have a knowledge of tracing 9. 

processing faults in each process 

and taking corrective action. 

10. Have a knowledge of atmospheric 10. 

control in processing rooms and 

testing laboratories. 

II. Be capable of improving the 11. 

technical skills of his laboratorystaff. 

11

(I.L.O. Classification: 0-39-90) 

Level of Skill: Technician : 

In charge of testing and investigating 

work. Managing and directing 

personnel of the testing laboratory. 

I. Trade Theory: 

1. Have a sound knowledge of 

textile processing in all sections 

of a spinning mill. 

2. Know the purpose of fibre to 

yarn testing as well as investigating 

processing details. 

3. Have a sound knowledge of the 

qualities of fibres, laps, slivers, 

rovings, yarns and fabrics. 

4. Understand the working principles 

of the various testing instruments 

as well as the various 

spinning machines. 

5. Know the methods of statistical 

analysis and their applications to 

textile testing and investigation. 

6. Understand how testing and investigation 

data can be employed 

in spinning to maintain or improve 

yarn quality. 

7. Be aware of the importance and 

the method of correct sampling 

procedure in representing the 

quality of the whole sample. 

8. Know how to check processing 

details on various textile 

machines. 

9. Have a knowledge of tracing 

faults in processing and in taking 


10. Know the dangerous parts on 

various textile machines. 

II. Have a knowledge of atmospheric 

control in the testing laboratory. 

12, Have a general knowledge of 

electricity. 

Job Description: XflFBf St *• 

Job Skill Standards: : 

14 

3. 

4. 

7. 

9. 

10. 

n.


supervision. 

14. Be capable of improving the 

technical skills of his laboratory 

staff. 




ordinances. 


1. Instructing the fibre and yarn 

tester to calibrate and operate 

precisely the various testing instruments 

and calculate the 

results. 

2. Instructing the investigator to 

check processing details and 

analyse the results. 

3. Organizing and running the routine 

testing and investigating work 

in a spinning mill so as to impjove 

quality, increase production, 

reduce waste, eliminate 

faulty materials, etc. 

4. Taking immediate action if 

abnormalities appear in the testing 

and investigating results. 

5. Preparing control charts from 

statistical data. 

6. Presenting testing results in a 

clear and understandable manner. 

7. Improving and developing new 

spinning procedures and analysing 

competitors* products. 




a diploma or certificate in textile 

technology of a technical college and 

have at least two years practical experience 

in the testing laboratory of a 



1. Indicate from given faulty products, 


faults in processing. 

15

(a) 

(b) 

The purpose of fibre to yarn 

testing and its influence on 

yarn quality and production. 

The purpose of investigating 

processing details and their 

influence on yarn quality and 

production. 

(c) Explain in detail every item 

of equipment used in routine 

testing and investigation, and 

suggest a suitable number of 

persons required to carry out 

this work for a given size of 


(d) 

The use of control charts in 

a spinning mill. 

(e) The main parts of and the 

maintenance of testing equipment. 

(/) The reasons for checking 

atmospheric conditions in 

various sections of a spinning 

mill. 

(g) 

(K] 

The dangerous parts of the 

various spinning machines 


be taken. 

The responsibilities to management. 


procedure. 

16

GENERAL MINIMUM JOB STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR 

TEXTILE WORKERS AT CRAFTSMAN LEVEL 

The following general minimum job standards and specifications are required 

of each craftsman in the textile industry: 

1. General Education 

tf>$- 

Secondary Form II or III or 

equivalent. 

The particular training for each 

craft is indicated in the appropriate 

minimum job standard which can be 

found in the following pages of this 

manual. The minimum training 

needed for most jobs at craftsman 

level > 2-4 years apprenticeship type 

training. It is recommended that this 

should be combined with attendance 

at part-time day or evening craft 

courses for theory and that apprentices 

and trainees should be recruited 

from appropriate pre-apprenticeship 

courses or from pre-vocational training 

centres. (For method of training, 

please refer to the Manpower Survey 

Report on the Textile Industry.) 

2. Training fi! & 

3. Mental ability 

a. Be able to understand and carry a. 

out correctly instructions and 

orders given by his/her superiors. 

b. Be able to direct and instruct any b. 

workers under his/her control in 

the correct working schedules and 

techniques of their job. 

c. Be able to understand the object c. 

of the work in which he/she is 

engaged. 

4. Physical ability 

Primarily most jobs require 

normal standing, walking and bend- » 

of meeting these requirements. In 

some cases, freedom from colour 

blindness is necessary. 

17 

r


electricity. 

12. Know the fire prevention and 

fire-fighting procedure. 


1. Instructing and carrying out 

machine erection, setting, overhauling, 

conversion and repairs, 

and in following instructions 

from his superior and also 

instructing his assistants. 

2. Interpreting the instructions in a 

technical manual which has been 

translated into Chinese. 

3. Handling and using engineer's 

tools and textile gauges. 

4. Using hand tools to straighten 

bent shafts and rollers. 

5. Making simple textile gauges. 

6. Checking machine parts for wear 

and making a decision as to 

whether a repair or replacement 

is necessary. 

7. Checking that machine guards 

are always in position. 


Factories should make their own 

standards of skill but a qualified 

mechanic should be a skilled 

fitter, be able to read, write and 

solve simple mechanical calculations. 

He should also understand 

the construction, working 

principle and operation of 

machinery in one or more 



1. Read and understand an engineering 

drawing of a given 

machine part. 

2. Find the dimensions of a 

machine part from a given 

drawing. 

3. Correct all settings to the required 

tolerances on two given 

machines in a spinning mill

9. Be familiar with the selection of 

appropriate types and sizes of 

cable for a particular installation. 

10. Know the different types of 

electrical measuring instruments 

used for machine maintenance 

and the application of such 

instruments. 


fixing an isolator or fuse switch 

before the starter or circuitbreaker. 


1. Installing and maintaining all 

electrical installations in a 


2. Dismantling electrical equipment 

in order to examine for mechanical 

and/or electrical faults and 

in making repairs, also deciding 

whether replacement of parts is 

necessary. 

3. Interpreting manufacturers* wiring 

diagrams for electrical equipment 

used in a spinning mill. 

4. Using hand tools and electrical 

measuring instruments. 

5. Jointing and soldering various 

types and sizes of cable, mounting 

of switchgear and distribution 

boards. 

6. Solving simple electrical calculations 

involving factory distribution 

systems. 



standards but in general a competent 

electrician should be capable of planning 

and constructing simple installations 

without supervision and be able 

to test and service any part of an 

electrical installation in a spinning 

mill. 


1. Joint and solder various types of 

cable.

Job Title: Carpenter and Joiner (IL.O. Classification: 9-54-10) 

Level of Skill: Craftsman gcfgHJg : 

Job Description: XfFfBifc * 

To be directly responsible to the 

maintenance engineer or the person 

in charge of structural work for all 

wood works in a spinning mill. 

Job Skill Standards: 

I. Trade Theory: ffH 

1. Know the safety precautions to 1. 

be observed when using carpenter's 

tools. 

2. Know the dangerous parts and 2. 

safety devices on spinning 

machinery. 

3. Have a knowledge of joinery 3. iy ^ ^,-„,,- 

techniques, such as the use of ^SXffiMBSiilEîS'o' 

common joints, working to sketch ^^^^mmm^m^m^ ° 

and scale drawings, etc. 

4. Have a knowledge of suitable 4. 

timbers required for normal 

maintenance work on spinning 

machinery and general structural 

maintenance. 

5. Have a knowledge of woodwork- 5. 

ing glues and adhesives used in 

carpentry work. 

6. Have a knowledge of simple 6. 

woodworking machinery. 

7. Be aware of the importance of 7. 

the fine surface finishes required ffifeS4«±H-»^HHmaintaining 

on woodwork which mmmmm^S-2w' 

will be in contact with processing îlJjÊPDtflZ.Jf • 

materials used in a spinning mill. 

8. Be aware of the importance of 8, 

keeping the carpentry tool kit in 

good working condition and the 

working area and surroundings 

in a clean condition, and of 

keeping wood waste separate 

from processing materials and 

waste. 

9. Have a knowledge of the metric 9. 

and English measuring units and 

their conversion. 

25

10. Know what action to take in the 

event of fire. 


1. Using carpenter's and joiner's 

measuring instruments and 

gauges. 

2. Maintaining, sharpening and 

using carpentry tools skilfully. 

3. Interpreting simple drawings for 

woodwork parts and making the 

parts to the required sizes. 

4. Repairing and renewing broken 

or worn wooden parts. 

5. Making wooden setting gauges 

for spinning machines. 

6. General maintenance and repairs 

of the factory floors, doors, etc. 

in the mill. 



standards of skill for this job but 

competent carpenters and joiners 

should be able to measure, sketch, 

make and repair all kinds of woodwork 

in a spinning mill. 


1. Use a normal carpentry tool kit 

to produce a wooden part to the 

required limits from a given 

sketch drawing within a reasonable 

time. 

2. Draw to a given scale a particular 

item of woodwork, showing 

plan and section and also produce 

an isometric sketch. 

3. Set up, adjust the safety guards, 

and use one or more items of 

wood-working machinery. 

4. Sharpen a number of carpenter's 

tools f to the satisfaction of the 

examiner. 


on: 

(a) Safety precautions to be 

taken when carrying out 

joinery work in a spinning 

mill. 

26

(b) The importance of working 

to fine limits in sizes and 

fitting, and of the smoothness 

of finished work. 

(c) The selection of suitable 

timber for various jobs in a 

spinning mill 

(d) Economy in the use of 

timber. 

(e) Fire prevention and firefighting 

procedure. 

27

Job Title: Plumber 

XfFHSU: »

(d) The various safety regulations 

and Water Works 

ordinances appertaining to 

plumbing work. 

(e) How to carry out repair 

work with minimum inconvenience 

in a processing 

room of a spinning mill. 

(/) The procedure for changing 

a sprinkler head. 

(g) Fire prevention and firefighting 

procedure. 

30


and regulations, as well as the 

various safety regulations and 

factory ordinances. 

12. Know what action to take in the 

event of fire. 


1. Assigning, checking and improving 

operative's work. 

2. Directing the work of the operatives 

to follow the standard working 

schedule in one or more processes 

of a spinning mill so as to 

maintain quality, increase production 

and avoid waste of materials. 

3. Identifying and separating different 

materials and counts. 

4. Instructing the operatives regarding 

the importance of not allowing 

laps, slivers, rovings or yarns 

to become mixed or to be fed to 

the wrong machine. 

5. Tracing causes of production 

faults in one or more sections of 

a spinning mill and taking corrective 

action. 

6. Taking corrective action when a 

machine fault is indicated by 

noise or other means. 

7. Leading and co-operating with 

his fellow workers. 

8. Minimizing minor disputes between 

workers. 

9. Carrying out management instructions 

loyally, efficiently and 

accurately. 

III. Skin Standard: 

3 years experience as an *A* 

Grade machine tender in that process 

with the ability to direct standard 

working schedules for the operatives. 


L Indicate from given faulty products, 


faults in processing.

2. During a tour of the section, 

point out any machine or processing 

faults, and give an opinion 

as to what corrective action 

should be taken. 


on: 

(d) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

The purpose of the process 

in which he/she is working. 

The dangerous parts of one 

or more spinning machines 


be taken. 

The importance of applying 

a standard operative's working 

schedule. 

Directing operatives in regard 

to maintaining quality, 

increasing production and 

saving materials. 

The ways and means of settling 

a given case of dispute 

between workers. 


procedure. 

33


1. From a given group of figures, 

calculate the percentage coefficient 

of variation and draw a 

control chart showing the limits. 

2. Use abacus or other means to 

do simple textile calculations, 

correct answers should be 

obtained within a reasonable 

time. 


on: 

(a) The purpose of statistical 

analysis and its importance 

to the quality of products. 

(b) 

The importance of indicating 

immediately any significant 

change in figures after 

analysis of statistical data. 

(c) The reasons why submission 

of false testing and investigating 

figures is STRICTLY 

PROHIBITED. 

35


TEXTILE WORKERS AT OPERATIVE LEVEL 

The following general minimum job standards and specifications are required 

of each operative in the textile industry: 

: 


Be able to read and write and 

follow simple oral and written instructions 

correctly. 

2. Training fl[ & 

A period of training under a 

' M 

worker fully qualified in the type ^ of ÎlIS^SM * 

work for which the trainee is being »3Ai=f^R-r//tEfc^-^-fct££77Fcts« r^-fA 

prepared The period will vary from E^^RXftsflfS^SffiMS ° C M^ 

a few weeks to 6 months according 

to the degree of skill required for f) ° 

the job. (For method of training, 

please refer to the Manpower Survey 

Report on the Textile Industry). 

3. Mental Ability ^ fg 

a. Be able to understand and carry a. tilBR&EafrfffSIHtTK ° 

out simple instructions correctly. 

b. Be able to show initiative in 

such elementary procedures 

as: 

(i) notifying superiors of faults 

(i) 

in the product. 

(ii) notifying superiors of faults (ii) 

in the function of the 

machine. 

(iii) disposing of waste. 

(iii) $|gfeggE o 

(iv) minimizing machine stop- (iv) < 

pages, including subsequent 

machines in the production 

line supplied from his 

machine. 

c. Be able to understand the object 

of his/her work and the correct & 0 

working techniques and schedules. 

d. Be^ able-after completion of d. , 

training—-to name ithe main 

parts of his machine. 

36

Job Title: Blending Feeder 

£t°«^S5^X*Jt2 

Level of Skill: 

Operative 


Feeding and cleaning blending 

and opening machines, and removing 

droppings (waste) from under beaters. 



1. Know the dangerous parts and 1 

safety devices on blowing room ^811° 

machinery. 

2. Know the names. of the main 2. 

parts of the blending and open- |g o 

ing machines. 


feeding cotton and other raw 

materials in the correct proportions 

at all times. 


continuous feeding. 

5. Understand the reasons for 5. 

regular removal of droppings. 


keeping blowroom droppings 

separate from other waste. 


keeping the blending and open- H|o 

ing machines in a clean condition. 

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: : 

1. Starting and stopping breaker 1. 

and picking machines, feeding 

raw materials at the required rate 

and in the correct proportions. 

2. Cleaning breaker and picking 2. 

machines efficiently according to 

the schedule. 

3. Removing droppings at various 3. 

cleaning points, 

4. Handling fire-fighting appliances. 4. 

40

Job Title: Scutcher Tender 

l^S^^S^L 5^ 

Level of Skill: Operative 

Operating and cleaning a scutcher, 

doffing full laps, checking and 

controlling lap weights. Removing 

droppings (waste) at the scutcher. 

Job Description: XfFffif&l : 



1. Know the purpose of producing 1. K[1:S1S±J 

laps and the working principle of gj 0 

the scutcher. 

2. Know the dangerous parts and 

safety devices on the scutcher. 

2. o 

3. Know the names of the main 

parts of the scutcher. 

3. 


producing correct weight and 

regular laps. 


regular removal of droppings and 

keeping droppings separate from 

other wastes. 

6. Know how to make the necessary 6. „__ 

adjustments to produce correct ^/SSlgfetfri'o" 

weight laps without having too m^^mmm 

many reject laps. 

7. Understand the detrimental effect 7. 

on quality of sending forward 

laps which, are too heavy or too 

light. 

8. Be aware of the importance of g. 

keeping the scutcher in a clean 

condition. 


keeping the dust cage clean and 

not allowing it to be choked by 

the cotton waste. 


the scutcher in its association 

with other blowing machinery. 

gg 0 

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: frSHS&SI : 

1. Removing full laps and re- 1. c 

starting the scutcher. 

42

2. Weighing laps and deciding 

whether to reject or accept. 

3. Cleaning the scutcher according 

to the schedule. 

4. Removing droppings. 

5. Making adjustments to the regulating 

motion for the production 

of good laps. 

6. Handling fire-fighting appliances. 

HI. Skill Standard: 

"A" Grade Standard 

Remove full lap and re-start 

scutcher (if manually operated) in 13 

seconds. 

"B" Grade Standard 

Remove full lap and re-start 

scutcher (if manually operated) in 16 

seconds. 


1. Remove full lap and re-start 

scutcher in a certain time as 

specified in the Skill Standard. 

2. Indicate faulty laps and the 

possible causes. 

3. Start a blowing room line and 

feed cotton through calender 

rollers. 

4. Clean the scutcher efficiently 

within a reasonable time. 

5. Adjust the lap weight regulating 

motion. 

6. Fix and change the belt and 

ropes. 

7. Demonstrate how to handle the 

electrical and mechanical regulating 

mechanisms of blowing 

machinery. 


on: 

(a) 

The purpose of producing 

laps. 

(Z>) The dangerous parts and 

safety devices on a scutcher, 

(c) The names of the main 

machine parts.

Job Tifle: Card Tender (Cotton) (I.L.O. Classification: 7-51-35) 


Operative 


Operating and cleaning carding 

machines; feeding laps, piecing slivers, 

doffing and delivering full cans to 

drawing section, bringing back empty 

cans. Sweeping floor. Placing wastes 

in different boxes. Be responsible for 

producing good quality sliver and 

maintaining production on carding 

engines. 


1. Know the purpose of carding 

and the working principle of a 

carding engine in general. 


safety devices on a carding 

engine. 


working parts of a carding 

engine. 


keeping a carding engine in a 

clean condition. 

5. Know how to differentiate between 

marks on sliver cans of 

different blends and counts. 

6. Understand the transmission of 

motion and the direction of 

rotation of the various belts, 

ropes and gear drives of a carding 

engine. 

7. Understand how the feeding of 

a double layer of lap will lower 

the quality of sliver and will also 

damage the working parts of a 

carding engine. 

8. Understand how the adhering of 

oily cotton fly on wire of takerin, 

or clothing of cylinder and 

doffer will lower card web 

quality. 

Job Skill Standards: :


always making good and clean 

piecings. 


labels on laps of different 

blends, or weight per yard, 


regular removal of droppings 

from under the cylinder, doffer 

and taker-in. 


not allowing the sliver can to 

contain more than the standard 

amount of sliver. 

II. Trade SM11: Be competent in: 

1. Starting and stopping a carding 

engine, changing laps, doffing 

full cans and piecing slivers 

skilfully. 

2. Cleaning carding engines and the 

floor between carding engines, 

according to the schedule. 

3. Keeping the amount of good 

cotton torn off as small as possible 

when piecing laps and 

slivers. 

4. Fixing and removing belts and 

ropes. 

5. Handling laps and sliver cans. 


The standards are based on a 

60 Ib. lap and 10" dia. can being 

used. 


Change and piece one lap perfectly 

in 12 seconds. 

Repair one normal web breakdown 

perfectly in 10 seconds. 


Change and piece one lap perfectly 


Repair one normal web breakdown 

perfectly in 12 seconds. 


1. Change lap, repair web breakdown 

and feed sliver to coiler 

within a certain time as specified 

in the Skill Standard.

Job Title: Card Tender (Woollen) 

- 

(I.L.O. 

__ 

Classification: 

'"' 

7-51-35) 

Level of Skill: Operative : 


Operating and cleaning a woollen 

card, piecing roving, doffing and 

delivering full condenser bobbins to 

the spinning section, bringing back 

empty bobbins. Sweeping floor. Be 

responsible for producing good 

quality roving and maintaining production 

on carding engines. Keeping 

different types of waste separate. 



1. Know the purpose of carding 




safety devices on a carding 

engine. 


working parts of a carding 

engine. 


keeping a carding engine in a 



identification marks on 

condenser bobbins of different 

counts and blends. 

6. Understand the transmission of 

motion and the direction of 

rotation of the various belts, 

ropes and gear drives on a 


7. Know the effects on quality of a 

badly-running feed lattice and 

why any breaks at the scotch 

feed should be carefully pieced. 

Also understand the importance 

of changing condenser bobbins 

after any malfunotion and checking 

the weight per yard of doffed 

roving. 

50

8. Know the effect on web quality 

if machine lubricating oil is 

used indiscriminately. 

9. Know what action to take when 

a bad web selvedge is observed. 

10. Understand the reasons for regular 

removal of droppings from 

under the cylinder, doffer and 

taker-in. 

11. Understand the function of the 

hopper weighing device and 

know when and how to make 

adjustment. 

12. Know that the most important 

function is to keep the hopper 

at a constant level of $ full and 

that it must not run very low or 

be packed tight. 


1. Starting and stopping a woollen 

card. 

2. Doffing full bobbins and gaitingup 

empty bobbins. 

3. Piecing roving or web breaks at 

any part of the card. 

4. Cleaning carding engines and the 

area around the card according 

to schedule. 

5. Fixing and removing belts and 

ropes. 

6. Handling full condenser bobbins. 

7. Sorting and separating different 

kinds of card waste. 

III. SkHI Standard: 


Doff and gait up a four height 

condenser of 22 ends each in 40 

seconds. 

Doff and gait up an eight height 


seconds. 


Doff and gait up a four height 


seconds. 

Doff and gait up an eight height 


seconds. 

51

Job Title: Card Stripper (I.L.O. Classification: 7-51-35) 



Carrying out card stripping 

according to schedule, changing damaged 

parts or slack belts and ropes, 

removing and delivering card droppings 

and card strippings. Checking 

the carding engine to see if it is working 

properly. Checking and repairing 

minor parts ând lubricating the 

appropriate points. 


it • 

I. Trade Theory: ff : 

1. Know the purpose of all the 1. j®% 

working parts of a carding engine ^^g. 

and their relationship to each 

other. 

2. Know the dangerous parts and 2. ^j^ 

safety devices on the carding g c 

engine. 


parts of a carding engine. 

3. %$% 

4. Know the method and purpose 

of changing the gears and pulleys. 

4. ^3iH 

5. Know how a difference in settings 

affects the quality. 

5. ^ 

6. Understand why the slackness of 6. 

belts and ropes cause incorrect 

speed which in turn affects quality 

and production. 

7. Know why the incorrect method 7. 

of stripping and untimely stripping 

will give a bad result to the 

machine parts and the web 

quality. 

8. Know the bad effects which may 

arise, and the importance of immediate 

corrective action, if the 

m > 

carding engines are not working 

properly or, if the web is of 

poor quality. 

9. Understand that if the card fly is 

not removed regularly, it will 

affect the web quality. 

Si^ jlJPRRl c 

53 

I 

m > 

:££1«°


regular lubrication and the defects 

of over lubrication, and also 

be able to distinguish between the 

different kinds of lubricants and 

know their merits and demerits, 

11. Trade Skill: Be competent in: 

1. Operating, stopping, starting and 

stripping a carding engine. 

2. Checking and adjusting the setting 

correctly for feed plate 

taker-in, cylinder and doffer. 

3. Piecing, fixing and changing the 

belts, ropes and chains. 

4. Changing the pulleys and gears. 

5. Cleaning-out and adding lubricants 

to the lubricating points as 

per schedule. 



standards of skill but a competent 

card stripper should be able to strip a 

carding engine according to schedule 

in li- minutes, be able to lubricate 

the carding engines according to 

schedule, and be able to check and 

carry out minor repairs on carding 

engines. 


1. Strip one carding engine properly 

and within a certain time according 

to correct procedure. 

2. Adjust the setting between the 

stripping roller and cylinder and 

the stripping roller and doffer, all 

the settings must be adjusted correctly 

and the same on both sides. 

3. Piece a rope within a reasonable 

time. The piecing must be even 

and strong. 


on: 

(a) The dangerous parts and 

safety devices on the carding 

engine. 

(£») The names of main machine 

parts.

(c) The detrimental effect on 

quality of not stripping in 

accordance with schedule and 

correct procedure. 

(d) Positions of lubrication 

points. 

(e) How quality will be affected 

by bad stripping and oily 

waste adhering to cylinder, 

doffer and taker-in. 

(/) Different counts and marks 

on laps and sliver cans. 

(g) How quality will be affected, 

if card droppings are not 

removed regularly. 

(h) How quality will be affected 

by double lap feeding and 

feeding laps containing string, 

cloth and other materials. 

(z) The cause of an uneven and 

cloudy web and the corrective 

action to be taken. 

(/) How to avoid uneven flat 

strips. 

(k) How to correct a tight or 

slack web between doffer and 

calender. 

(/) The reasons why a sliver 

could have a high trash 

content. 

55

II. Trade SM11: Be competent in: 

1. Starting and stopping a drawing 

frame, threading up slivers, starting 

ends, piecing the sliver, 

doffing full cans, changing and 

fixing the supply sliver cans. 

2. Differentiating between markings 

on cans of slivers. 

3. Cleaning the drawing frame 

efficiently according to the 

schedule. 

4. Identifying irregular drafting or 

irregular selvedges and making 

necessary corrections. 

5. Taking corrective action if the 

machine cannot be stopped by 

automatic stopping device when 

the sliver is broken down or when 

the can is full or during roller 

lapping. 

6. Taking corrective action if the 

operation of rollers, calenders and 

clearers are not in order. 

7. Identifying the different counts of 

sliver, as well as knowing the 

difference between carded sliver, 

semi-drawn and drawn sliver, 

by different can marks, thus 

avoiding misuse. 



Piecing 4 adjacent breaks behind 

the frame in 12 sec. 

Piecing 4 adjacent breaks between 

front roller and calender roller in 40 

sec. 






sec. 

"C" Grade Standard 





sec. 

The above Standards are based on 

10" diameter can being used. 

57


the auto-leveller device and its 

effects on the quality of yarn. 


making good and clean piecings. 


constant and uniform oiling of 

dry-wool. 


removing roller laps with the 

hook parallel to the roller surface. 


1. Starting and stopping a machine, 

threading up sliver, piecing sliver, 

creeling, doffing, changing and 

positioning balls of wool tops and 

sliver cans. 

2. Differentiating between the types 

of wool tops and markings on 

cans of different slivers. 

3. Cleaning the machines efficiently 


4. Taking corrective action, if irregular 

sliver or abnormal wool 

tops are discovered. 

5. Taking corrective action, if the 

machine cannot be stopped by 

automatic device when the sliver 

is broken down at back or front 

of the frame or the can is full or 

a roller is lapping. 


operation of faller bars, rollers, 

calenders and clearers are not in 

order. 


oil spjaying device and/or autolevelling 

equipment are not 

working properly. 

8. Identifying the different counts of 

sliver and roving as well as knowing 

the difference between the 1st 

passage slivers and 2nd, 3rd or 

4th passage slivers. 


"A** Grade Standard 

(a) Piece 4 adjacent breaks behind 

the frame in 20 seconds.

(2>) Piece 4 adjacent breaks between (£) |g:£Eg-hg>tt^HPgJgSf«Wtnifi:»E3 

front roller and calender roller M^slo 

in 40 seconds. ^ * 

(c) Doff one sliver can at front of (c) tl£4s&M^Pfl^^ff$SSfir--*ffiN§ 

frame and without stopping the {go 

frame in 7 seconds. 

(J) Doff 10 adjacent ends at the W) t%fe^^^^^^l$nWMn 

front of a finisher in 40 seconds. 


(a) Piece 4 adjacent breaks behind (a) tt&gE—^ 

the frame in 30 seconds. 

(b) Piece 4 adjacent breaks between 

front roller and calender roller 


(c) Doff one sliver can at front of (c) &&h&&^Kft^tf#1g1ff~ffi s £ 

frame and without stopping the m 0 


(d) Doff 10 adjacent ends at the « 

front of a finisher in 50 seconds. ' jfl *"*"* J •^- /n *-^*-^ 


(a) Piece 4 adjacent breaks behind 

the frame in 40 seconds. 

(d) 

{i^cH o 

(6) Piece 4 adjacent breaks between ,,. Ab^^^rw^ntBH^^^m^mu^rm 

front roller and calender roller tl£/x-f^8&f Hft«ffftBUllf»K9 


(c) Doff one sliver can at front of (c) 

frame and without stopping the 


(d) Doff 10 adjacent ends at the ^ 

front of a finisher in 60 seconds. ~h 


1. Piece sliver breaks in a certain 1. 

time as specified in the Skill 

Standard. All piecings should be 

good and clean. 

2. Change a can and doff the roving 2. 

at the front of a machine in a 

certain time as specified in the 

Skill Standard. 

3. Clean a machine efficiently with- 3. 

in a certain time. 

4. Answer questions satisfactorily 4. 

on: 

(a) The purpose and principle of 

drawing by Intersecting Gill 

Box and Roving Finisher. 

61

(b) The dangerous parts and (b 

safety devices on the Gill 

f^gs. 


(c) The names of the main (c 

machine parts of the Gill 


(d) The effects on quality of a (d) 

faulty automatic stopping npBî^® ° 

device and/or faulty autolevelling 

equipment. 

(e) The effects of imperfect (e 

cleaning work on quality and 

machinery. 

(/) The effects of a faulty wool- (/ 

oil spraying device on the 

spinning process. 

fe) The effects on quality and (g) 

production of incorrect sliver S$lîi±jpBl«J ° 

or roving piecings or missing 

the piecing. 

(A) The effects on quality, of the (A) &fl * SiS'FSgfl&IKB^S. 

pressure on top rollers not 

being even, or the top roller 

not rolling freely. 

(/) The handling of faulty sliver 00 

and roving. 

(/) The correct method of re- 0') 

moving roller laps when 

using a hook.

Job Title: Sliver-Lap-Tender (LL.o. Classification: 7-51-40) 



Operating and .cleaning sliver-lapsliver-laps 

to ribbon-lap-machines. m^Lmm ° 

Sweeping floor under and near sliverlap-machines. 


I. Trade Theory: ffI 

1. Know the purpose of producing 1. 

sliver-laps and the working 

principle of the sliver-lapmachine. 


safety devices on a sliver-lapmachine. 


parts of a sliver-lap-machine. 

3. 


keeping a sliver-lap-machine in a 


5. Be aware of the importance of 5. _ 

not allowing different slivers or 

laps to become mixed or fed to 

kft^S«»±SSo 

jw«*xi.m»r 

the wrong machine. 

6. Know the harmful effects on 6. 

quality and machine maintenance 

if the machine stopping device ^ 

does not work when an end 

 

breaks or at full lap. 


1. Starting and stopping a sliver-lap- 1. 

machine, starting ends, changing 

cans, piecing slivers, doffing full 

laps and re-starting machine. 

2. Differentiating between the 2. 

marks on cans of slivers of 

different counts and on laps of 

different weight per yard. 

3. Cleaning the sliver-lap-machine 3. 

efficiently according to schedule. 

4. Taking corrective action, if the 4. 

operation of rollers, calenders or 


63



(a) Piecing 4 adjacent broken slivers 


(b) Doffing 1 full lap and re-starting 












The above standards are based on 

16 ends of 10" diameter can being 

used. 


1. Piece sliver breaks, doff full laps 

and re-start skilfully within a 



2. Clean a sliver-Iap-machine frame 

efficiently within a reasonable 

time. 


on: 

(a) 

(b) 

The purpose of producing 

sliver-laps. 

The dangerous parts and 

safety devices on a sliverlap-machine. 

(c) The names of the main parts 

of a sliver-Iap-machine. 

(d) The effects of imperfect 


machinery. 

(e) The effects on quality of 

faulty automatic machine 

stopping device. 

(/) The effects on quality of 

incorrect sliver piecings or 

not making the piecing. 

(g) 

The effects on quality of the 

pressure of top rollers not 

being even or the top rollers 

not rotating freely. 

64

Job Title: Ribbon-Lap-Tender (ILO Classification: 7-51-40) 



Operating and cleaning a ribbonlap-machine. 

Processing sliver-laps fflS^.'&H 

to produce ribbon-laps and delivering 

laps to combing machine. 



1. Understand the purpose of pro- 1. 

ducing ribbon-laps and the 

working principle of the ribbon 

lap-machine. Sweeping floor 

under and near the machine. 


safety devices on a ribbon-lapmachine. 

3. Know the names of the main 3. 

parts of a ribbon-lap-machine. 


keeping a ribbon-lap-machine in 

a clean condition. 


the automatic stopping device and 

its effect on the quality and production 

of laps. 


avoiding damage and scratches to 

the polished parts of the ribbonlap-machine. 

m o 


L Starting and stopping a ribbon- 1. 

lap-machine, starting ends, changing 

laps, piecing laps, doffing full 

laps and re-starting machine. 

2. Differentiating between the markings 

on laps of different counts. 

2. 

3. Cleaning the ribbon-lap-machine 3. 


schedule. 

4. Taking corrective action, if the 4. 

operation of rollers, calenders or 


" ' '— * ^ —.. . 

65



(a) Change 1 lap in 7 seconds. 

(b) Doff 1 full lap and re-start in 

14 seconds. 




17 seconds. 

4< C" Grade Standard 



20 seconds. 


1. Change feed laps, doff full laps 

and re-start within a certain time 

as specified in the Skill Standard. 

2. All piecings made should be clean 

and good. 

3. Clean a ribbon-lap-machine 


time. 


on: 

(a) The purpose of producing 

ribbon-laps. 

(b) The dangerous parts and 

safety devices on the ribbonlap-machine. 

(c) 

The names of the main parts 

of a ribbon-lap-machine. 



machinery. 

(e) The effects on quality of a 

faulty automatic machine 

stopping device. 

(/) The effects of lap-licking on 

quality. 

(g) 

The effects on quality, if the 

pressure of top rollers is not 

even or the top rollers are 

not rolling freely.

Job Title: Comber Tender 

(I.L.O. Classification: 7-51-45) 


Operative 


Operating and cleaning combing 

machines. Processing sliver/ribbon 

laps to produce combed sliver and 

delivering combed slivers to drawing 

section. Removing comber waste and 

delivering it to the waste room. 

Sweeping floor under and near the 

combers. 

Job SMI Standards: 

I. Trade Theory: ffS 

1. Know the purpose of combing 1. 


comber. 


safety devices on a comber. 

2. 


parts of a comber. 

3. 


keeping a comber in a clean 

condition. 

5. Know the purpose and importance 

of the stopping device, 

5. 

6. Know the harmful effects of 

neppy or uneven webs on quality. 

6. 


keeping top and bottom nipper 

edges, cylinder and top comb 

needles clean. 

8. Know the harmful effects of thick 

lap piecings. 

8. 



hook parallel 

surface. 

to the roller 



10, 

II. Be aware of the importance of 11. 

avoiding damage and scratches to 

the polished parts of the comber. 

67


1. Starting and stopping a comber, 

changing laps, piecing slivers or 

laps, doffing full cans. 

2. Cleaning the comber efficiently 

according to schedule. 


operation of cylinder needles, 

rollers and coilers are not in 

order. 

4. Differentiating between the markings 

on laps and cans of different 

counts. 




(b) Repair 1 break between front 

roller and calender roller in 10 

seconds. 





seconds. 





seconds. 


1. Change laps and piece slivers and 

laps perfectly within a certain 


Standard. All piecmgs made 

should be clean and good. 

2. Clean a comber efficiently within 

a reasonable time. 


on: 


safety devices on a comber. 

(b) The purpose of combing. 


of a comber. 



machinery.

(e) The importance of good and (e) 

clean piecings. 

(/) The effects of neppy or (/) 

fe) The effects on quality of a 

(g) 

faulty automatic stopping ^mgr 0 

device. 

(A) The effects on quality, of (K) 

the detaching and top rollers 

not being true or not rotating 

freely or having uneven 

pressure. 

69

Job Title: Roving Tender 

IfWffl: 


Operative 

^«SSS»Sk«^n2 


Operating and cleaning roving 

frames, piecing ends keeping roving ^ . _ v _ 

frame supplied with slivers and help- -gs&jb-R^m 

ing with doffing. Sweeping floor JM^^-Wj" 

under and near speed frames. 



1. Know the purpose of producing 

roving and the main purpose and 

o 

working principle of the doffing 

mechanism of the speed frame. 


safety devices on a speed frame. 

2. ftSffi$WR±feSfcSffiR^£SSH 


parts of a speed frame. 

3. 


keeping a speed frame in a clean 

condition. 

5. Know the reasons for stretched 5. 

or slack rovings and the effect of 

such a fault on yarn quality. 

6. Be aware of the importance of 6. _ __ 

removing two-fold, dirty and ir- jj&îlll^ 

regular roving from a bobbin. 


good and clean piecings in sliver 

and roving. 

m 0 

8. Be aware of the importance of 8. ° 

not allowing wrong slivers to be 

fed to the speed frame. 


making the standard number of 

turns around the presser on the 

flyer. 

^mBpo 

^J&^c 

10. Understand the future difficulties 10. __ 

which may arise from having too ;@©cbit^±-yRfei^nitT < 

much waste sliver or roving in ^TO¥^Mi« 

the mixing. 



hook parallel to the roller 

surface. 

70


1. Starting and stopping a speed 

frame, supplying slivers, starting 

ends, piecing slivers, piecing rovings 

and doffing skilfully. 

2. Piecing ends so as not to overlap 2. ®ffiM;F^}g**ffi*ffi * 

any more than is necessary to 

make the joint or to allow the 

piecing to be broken at the 

following process. 


on cans of different slivers. 

3. 

4. Differentiating between colours of 

bobbins of different rovings. 

4. 

5. Cleaning a speed frame efficiently 


5. 

6. Sorting and separating different 

kinds of waste. 

6. 



Piece 10 adjacent roving ends in 

120 seconds. 


Piece 10 adjacent roving ends in 

140 seconds. 


Piece 10 adjacent roving ends in UBS—•B/^+8>*lîSB : fi»PfijS-t- 

160 seconds. 3EW15 ° 


1. Piece ends skilfully within a cer- 1. 

tain time as specified in the Skill 

Standard. All piecings should be 

made well so that they do not 

break at the following process. 

2. Correctly thread the roving 2. 

through the flyer and around the 

presser. 

3. Clean a speed frame efficiently 3. 


4. From a prepared board of roving 4. $£—£ 

faults indicate the cause of the 

faults. 


on; 

(a) The purpose of producing (a) 

rovings. 

71

(b) The dangerous parts and (b) < 

safety devices on a speed 

frame. 


of a speed frame. 

(d) The effect of imperfect (d) 

cleaning work on quality and ite^F&i^Bln} ° 

machinery. 

(e) Why hard-twisted piecings (*) EftSiBffi3Bffi»lliatffl ° 

are not allowed. 

(/) The difficulties arising in the (/) Sfa^ffiUSffififtfr» F&8SR 

spinning section when spinning 

yarns from two-fold, 

single or badly-pieced rovings. 

(g) The possible causes of ir- (g) 

regular rovings. 

(h) What action is to be taken (//) 

with faulty slivers. 

(z) The detrimental effect on (/) 

quality of allowing different 

counts of slivers to become 

mixed. 

(;) Types of faults which may 0) 

arise from machine malfunctions, 

such as: ridgy bobbins, 

bobbins with unequal taper, 

soft bobbins, cut roving, 

stretched roving and sloughing, 

and the action to be 

taken when such faults are 

observed. 

72

Job Title: Roving Doffer (I.L.O. Classification: 7-51-55) 



Doffing full roving bobbins and 

Ing ends around empty bobbins. S'iWS^^wi'^SS-^^**^ * ^ 

Cleaning gear end and off end of Sa»«fi B X®l6fll*n:Xft o 

frames. Detecting and removing 

faulty or irregular rovings. 

Job Skill Standards: IfFgf^Sfl: 


1. Know the purpose of producing 1. 

rovings. 


safety devices on a speed frame. 


parts of a speed frame. 

4. Understand why there is a 4. 

necessity for speedy and efficient 

doffing. 

5. Understand the reasons why 5. 

different colours of bobbins and 

sliver cans should be used and 


rovings and slivers of different 

counts to become mixed. 

6. Understand how careless hand- 6. 

ling of rovings will affect the 

quality of yarn. 


making good and clean piecings 

in slivers and rovings. 


making the standard number of 

turns around the presser on the 

flyer. 


removing dirty, two-fold and irregular 

roving from a bobbin. 

10. Know the future difficulties which 

may arise from having too much 

waste sliver or roving in the 

mixing. 

73

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: ffl 

1. Doffing bobbins and replacing 1. 

with empty bobbins at the speed 

WMIIffBvr'FIfcBtSH o 

frame correctly and with a good 

speed. 

2. Piecing and starting ends. 2. 

3. Handling bobbins with care. 3. 

4. Cleaning gear end and off end of 

speed frames. 

4. 

5. Detecting faulty and irregular 5. 

rovings and removing the faulty 

and irregular parts of roving 

from the bobbins. 

6. Piecing ends so as not to overlap 6. ggKffij^RIS » >FffiS3KBSJ1^3 

any more ^than is necessary to ItMSSSS^Sffill ° 

make the joint or to allow the 

piecing to be broken at the 

following process. 

7. Differentiating between colours of 

bobbins of different rovings. 

7. 



Doffing 20 adjacent full bobbins, 

replacing with empty bobbins and 

wrapping the^ starts in 80 seconds 

without breaking the rovings. 




wrapping the starts in 90 seconds 





wrapping the starts in 100 seconds 



10" lift roving bobbin and 3" radius 

flyer being used. 


ffl 

1. Doff full bobbins and replace 1. f^jj$> i SlS^f » ^H^^XfF^ » M 

with empty bobbins and wrap the 

starts perfectly within a certain 


Standard. 

2. Handle and deliver 15 roving 

bobbins at one time. 

^ 

74

3. Correctly thread the roving 

through the flyer and around the 

presser. 

4. Clean gear end and off end of 

speed frames efficiently within a 

reasonable time. 


on: 


safety devices on a speed 

frame. 

(b) The names of the main 

spindle parts of a speed 

frame. 

(c) The effect of imperfect cleaning 

work on quality and 

machinery. 

(d) How to differentiate between 

slivers and rovings of different 

counts, and the detrimental 

effect on quality of 

allowing different slivers and 

(e) 

rovings to become mixed. 

Why roving doffing should 

be speedy and efficient. 

(/) Why members of a doffer 

team should co-operate. 

(g) The importance of detecting 

and removing dirty, two-fold 

or irregular rovings. 

(ti) 

Why hard twisted piecings 

are not allowed. 

75

Job Title: Roving Changer (I.L.O. Classification: 7-51-55) 



Replacing empty roving bobbins, 

in the creel of a ring spinning frame, 

with full ones, piecing roving ends, 

changing ring travellers, piecing ring 

yarn ends. 


1. Know the purpose of ring 

spinning. 


safety devices on a ring spinning 

frame. 


parts of a ring spinning frame. 

4. Understand the reason why 

different colours of bobbins 

should be used for different roving 

or yarn counts and the importance 

of not allowing rovings 

or yarns of different counts to 

become mixed. 


good and clean piecings. 


removing double thickness or irregular 

rovings from the roving 

bobbins. 

7. Know the different types and 

numbers of travellers and their 

relation with yarn counts. 

8. Have a knowledge of detecting 

spinning faults and understand 

the importance of taking corrective 

action immediately. 


1. Creeling roving bobbins, piecing 

roving ends, piecing yarn ends 

and starting ends on a spinning 

frame. 

2. Changing ring travellers on a 

ring spinning frame. 

m' 


76 

2. o 

4. 

7.

3. Differentiating between roving 

counts and the colours of bobbins 

used for different rovings. 

4. Detecting irregular and dirty 

rovings. 

5. Differentiating between different 

types and numbers of ring 

travellers. 



(a) Replace 10 adjacent roving bobbins 

and piece ends perfectly in 

35 seconds. 

(b) Start 10 adjacent ends perfectly 





45 seconds. 






55 seconds. 

(Z>) Start 10 adjacent ends perfectly 



1. Replace bobbins, piece ends and 

start ends skilfully within a certain 


Standard, the piecing should be 

correct and clean. 

2. Clean a ring spinning frame 


time. 

3. Differentiate between rovings of 


4. Differentiate between different 


travellers. 


on: 

(a) The f purpose of ring 

spinning. 

77

(b) The dangerous parts and (b) 


frame. 

(c) The importance of making (c) 

good and fast piecings. 

(d) The detrimental effect on (d) 

quality of allowing roving or 

yarns to become mixed. 

(e) The bad effects of using the (e) 

wrong travellers. 

(/) The names of the main parts (/) 

of a ring spinning frame. 

78

Job Title: Spinner (Ring) (ix.o. Classification: 7-52-20) 

XfFS0J : »X ( Sft ) 



Tending ring spinning frames, 

creeling the roving, piecing ends, 

cleaning parts of machine above lappet 

rail Separating wastes. Sweeping 

floor under and near frames. 



1. Know the purpose of ring spin- 1. 

ning and the working principle 

of the various motions of a ring 

spinning frame. 



frame. 




keeping a ring ^ spinning frame in 



keeping ALL spindles producing. 



should be used for different yarn 

counts and the importance of not 

allowing yarn of different counts 

to become mixed. 

7. Understand the difficulties arising 7. 

in the winding section when ends 

are re-started without making a 

piecing. 



9. Be aware of the importance of 9. » 

removing double thickness or ir- gig 0 

regular rovings from roving bobbins. 


keeping a smooth passage of 

roving from the creel into the 

drafting zone. 

79

11. Have a knowledge of detecting 

spinning faults and be aware of 

the importance of taking immediate 


12. Know the effects on quality of 

faulty aprons and cots, dirty 

bottom rollers, dirty condensers, 

slack spindle tapes, jumping bobbins, 

faulty spindles, etc. 


following an efficient cleaning 

schedule. 


numbers of ring travellers and 

their relationship with yarn count. 




surface. 


detecting and removing faulty 

bobbins and placing them in a 

certain place. 

II. Trade Skfll: Be competent in: 

1. Starting and stopping the ring 

spinning frame, creeling, piecing 

ends and starting ends skilfully 

at a good speed. 

2. Cleaning a ring spinning frame 

and the surrounding area according 

to schedule. 

3. Differentiating between different 


travellers. 

4. Differentiating between rovings 

of different counts and on 

different colours of bobbins used 

for various rovings. 

5. Detecting double thickness or 

irregular roving. 

6. Detecting and replacing faulty 

aprons or rollers. 

III. 

Skill Standard: 


(a) Piece 10 adjacent ends perfectly 




80

"B'* Grade Standard £$£ 

(d) Piece 10 adjacent ends perfectly (a) 


(b) Start 10 adjacent ends perfectly (b) 



(a) Piece 10 adjacent ends perfectly (a) 




The above standards are based on 

20's (30 Tex) cotton yarn and 7" lift 

ring bobbin being used. 

IV. Trade Tests: : 

1. Piece ends and start ends skilfully 1. SH » £H. 

within a certain time as specified ÎWlilgJt 1 o 

in the Skill Standard The »***»««: 

piecing should be correct and 

clean. 

2. Clean a ring spinning frame 2. 


time. 

3. Differentiate between rovings of 3. 


4. From a prepared board of yarn 4. $£—; 

faults indicate the causes of the 

faults. 

5. Differentiate between different 


travellers. 


on: 

(a) The ^ purpose of ring (a) 

spinning. 

(b) The dangerous parts and (b) 

safety devices on a ring 


(c) The names of the main parts (c) ° 


(d) The effect of imperfect 


machinery. 

00 The effect of idle spindles (*) < 

on production. 

(/) The importance of making 

good, clean and fast piecings. 

(g) The reasons for separating 

wastes. 

81

(h) The detrimental effect on (h) 

quality of allowing yarns to 

become mixed. 

(i) The bad effects of using the (0 o 

wrong travellers. 

(!) How to detect an off-set (/) &JMft^JMg:F±B*» toMH 

spindle and/or snail wire 

and what action should be 

taken on detection. 

(k) Causes of incorrect twist in (A:) 

the yarn. 

(/) How to avoid roller laps. (/) 

82

Job Title: Spinner (Woollen Spinning Mule) (i-L.o. Classification: 7-52-20) 


Operative 


Tending mule spinning frames, 

creeling condenser bobbins, piecing j 

ends, cleaning parts of the spinning / 

1 

mule in the region of the fallers. 

Separating wastes, sweeping wheelgate. 


L Trade Theory: frUHfre : 

1. Know the purpose of spinning 1. ^t^MSî 

and the working principle of the jugs 0 

various mechanisms on a spinning 

mule. 


safety devices on a spinning mule. m 0 


parts of a spinning mule. 

3. 

4. Be aware of the importance of 4. > j£S 

*£%£$!£&*£ . 

region of the fallers and rollers, 

and of following an efficient 

cleaning schedule. 


keeping all spindles producing. 

6. Understand the reasons why 6. ._. , 

different colours of spindle tubes m , Tft-K^^&b^^l^l-^miSo 

should be used for dffierent yam 

H ' »^J K»3aWt±M» 

counts, and the importance of 

not allowing yarn of different 

counts to become mixed. 

7. Be aware of the importance of 7. * M 

£&EL*3$SK tS'yarn 

•»W* 

at the correct time during the 

outward run of the carriage. 

Be aware of the importance ôf 8 _, 

marking bad cops and cops which fiil^jfcffii^l^ ' fF^lS 

have been produced from faulty m^^M^m^lfy^mm 

roving and keeping these sepa- mt' s &9>lTm i #:WZM& 

rate from other cops during 

doffing. 

83

9. Understand why broken ends 9. 

should be pieced up immediately, 

especially when using through 

tubes. 

10. Have a knowledge of detecting 10. %££ 

spinning faults and be aware of 

the importance of taking immediate 


11. Know the effects on quality of 11. » 

dirty rollers, slack spindle bands. "E'i'^fftfiS±j^lfi ° 

12. Be aware of the importance of 12. KR^TÛzpfrHiiSSSlRlffllfe 

removing roller laps with the HsiiSL±ili ° 


surface. 

13. Be aware of the importance of 13. * ¥

7. Creeling condenser bobbins 

economically and efficiently. 





(a) 

seconds. 




(a) 

seconds. 


ff! 

1. Piece ends and change a con- 1. 

denser bobbin skilfully within a 


Skill Standard. The roving and 

yarn piecings should be correct 

and clean. 

2. Clean a spinning mule efficiently 2. 


3. Differentiate between rovings and 3. 

yarn of different blends and 

counts. 

4. From a prepared board of yarn 4. $£—^SfflîHI^ftnoSKK^1»tetB 

faults, indicate the causes of the 

faults. 

5. Prepare a spinning mule for 5. 

doffing and restart after doffing. 

6. Splice a given rope to the satisfaction 

of the examiner. 

7. On a given spinning mule com- 7. SfJE—f| 

ment on: SiJlL ° 

(a) Carnage speed, its effect on (a) Se&XK&^S^ttBWR' 

carriage draft and how it 

may be adjusted. 

(b) Spindle speed, its relation to (b) 

twist insertion during outward 

run of carriage and its 

adjustment. 

(c) The amount of ratch (jack- (c) 

up), the timing of ratching, 

and how these may be 

adjusted. 


on: 

(1) The purpose of spinning. (1) 

85

(2) The dangerous parts and (2) 

safety devices on a spinning 

mule. 

jg 0 

(3) The names of the main parts 

of a spinning mule. 

(3) o 

(4) The effect of imperfect clean- (4) SPCfF 

ing work on quality and S^F&l^ ° 

machinery. 

(5) The effect of idle spindles 

on production. 

(5) «±ffifi»*S»±»uiRlo 

(6) The importance of making 

good, clean and fast piecings. 

(6) » SaWSifPH 

(7) The reasons for separating 

wastes. 

(7) 

(8) The detrimental effect on (8) 

quality of allowing yarns to 

become mixed. 

(9) How to detect a faulty (9) 

spindle and what action 

should be taken on detection. 

(10) Causes of incorrect twist in 

the yarn. 

(10) 

(11) The reasons why ends should 

be pieced up without delay. 

(11) ii^SiSIf ±±ICH < 

(12) The effects of using a knife 

to remove roller laps. 

(12)

Job Title: Yarn Doffer CLL.O. classification: 7-52-20) 



Doffiing full ring bobbins and replacing 

with empty bobbins, starting 

ends around empty bobbins, creeling 

roving bobbins, cleaning lower part of 

spinning frames. 


I. Trade Theory-' ffH 

1. Know the purpose of ring spin- 1. 

ning and working principle of a 

ring spinning frame. 

XfFfflftQfe: 

g$ •* ^§ ^ £]g > $$§.%)> * W8i* 

f.-^^.^^^ 



frame. 




keeping a ring spinning frame in 



correctly operating the ring rail 

before and after doffing. 

6. Understand why there is a neces- 6. 

sity for speedy and efficient 

doffing. 

7. Know the effects on yarn quality 7. 

of using faulty bobbins. 



should be used for different yarn 

counts and the importance of not 

allowing yarns of different counts 

to become mixed. 




surface. 

10. Be aware of the importance of 10. ^^^ B-I-R/W^WSW^VHSW^^W. 


^ffi^jffi 

bobbins and placing them ma 

ffi 


^ 

87

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: ffH$cf£ • t£If fi: 

1. Doffing full ring bobbins and re- 1. lll^felilftM ° 

placing empty bobbins at a good 

speed. 

2. Operating the ring rail before and 2. $a$QgsKR£M 

after doffing. Piecing and starting 

ends. 

3. Detecting faulty bobbins. 3. 

4. Creeling roving bobbins and 4. 

making good piecings. 

5. Cleaning a ring spinning frame 5. 


schedule. 



(a) Start 10 adjacent ends in 35 

seconds. 

f£ o 

(b) Doff 50 adjacent full bobbins (#) fi^n-f-Eg^M^^^HtfcjIS-hl 

and replace with empty bobbins ^ 0 

in 24 seconds without breaking ^ 

the ends. 


Zi&WP 

(a) Start 10 adjacent ends in 40 (a) 

seconds. 

(b) Doff 50 adjacent full bobbins ^ |g^=and 

replace with empty bobbins 

in 30 seconds without breaking 

the ends. 


(a) Start 10 adjacent ends in 45 

seconds. ^> 0 

(b) Doff 50 adjacent full bobbins (£) fg^Hand 

replace with empty bobbins «^ 

w 

in 36 seconds without breaking 

the ends. 

The above Standard are based on 20*s 

(30 Tex) cotton yarn and 7" lift ring 

bobbin being used. 

IV. Trade Jests: 

ffSSS" 

1. Doff full bobbins and replace 1. 

with empty bobbins, start ends 

skilfully within a certain time as 


2. Clean a ring spinning frame 2. 


time. 

3. Run down the ring rail and stop 3. 

a ring frame correctly. 

88

4. Start up a ring frame after 

doffing. 

5. Creel a roving bobbin and make 

a good clean piecing. 


on: 

(a) 

The purpose of ring spinning. 


safety devices on a ring 






machinery. 

(g) 

(e) Why yarn doffing should be 

speedy and efficient. 

(/) The reason why only one 

turn of hand wrapping is 

allowed when starting ends 

on bare bobbins, also the 

reason why a second start 

without cleaning off is prohibited. 

Why members of a doffer 

team should co-operate. 

(/z) The reason for detecting and 

removing faulty bobbins and 

placing them in a certain 

place. 

(0 How to differentiate between 

ring yarns and rovings of 

different counts. 

89

Job Title: Tape/Apron Joiner (i.L.o. Classification: 7-52-90) 


Operative 


Joining spindle tapes, repairing » ttftÎE 

faulty spindles and. tension pulleys 

o 

on spinning and twisting frames. 


I. Trade Theory: I 

L Know the function and m im- 1. 

portance of efficient spindle 

drives. 


safety devices on spinning and SrJktltt 0 

twisting frames. 

3. Be able to check whether 3. 

spindles and tapes are in good 

running order and know the 

effects on the quality of yarn, if 

they are not in good running 

order. 

4. Know the causes of broken 4. $Hfi 

spindle tapes. 


parts of the ring twisting and 

spinning frames. 

6. Know the correct overall lengths, 6. 

and the correct lengths of overlap 

of the joints, of various 

kinds of tape for ring spinning 

and twisting frames. 

7. Understand how careless piecings 7. 

or wrong direction of overlapping 

will cause undesirable effects. 

8. Know which equipment to use 8. 

for joining the different types of 

spindle tape. 


L Operating a sewing machine or L _ 

electric tape-joiner skilfully to att»£fr^5ESft 

join spindle tapes in the correct «^wm n nu-i HK 

manner. 

2. Taking necessary action if a 2. 

broken spindle tape is wrapping 

and rubbing on the tin roller. 

90 

l

3. Adjusting and repairing faulty 

tape tension pulleys. 

3. 

4. Adjusting and repairing faulty 

spindle parts. 

4. 

5. Measuring and cutting spindle 

tapes to the correct length. 

5. 


No particular standard is quoted 

for this job, except the ability to join 

a spindle tape within a reasonable 

time and know how to adjust tension 

pulleys and spindle parts. 


1. Operate a sewing machine for 

piecing a spindle tape. The stitching 

should be even and strong. 

2. Use the electric tape-joiner for 

piecing a spindle tape. 

2. 

3. Fix and join one broken spindle 3. 

tape perfectly within a reasonable 

time. The overlap should be of 

standard length and should be 

placed in the correct direction for 

smooth running. 

4. Answer 

on: 

questions satisfactorily 4. 

(a) The causes of incorrect twist 

in the yarn. 

(a) < 

(b) The effect of slack tapes on 

spindle speeds. 

(6) 

(c) The effects of incorrect overlap 

of tapes at the joint. 

(c) 

(d) The effects of non-standard (d) 

sewing and weak stitching on 

joints of tapes. 

(e) The effects of incorrect positions 

of tape tension pulleys. 

(e) 

(/) The effects of insufficient or (/) g^«S^ffl^^@±Pit^0f 

wrong type of oil in the 

spindle inserts. 

(g) The effects of vertical move- (g) 

ment of spindle tapes when 

the spindle is running. 

91

Job Title: 

Twister 



Tending and cleaning twisting 

frames, placing package of yarn on 

creel, knotting broken ends and 

doffing twisted yarn bobbin. 



1. Know the purpose of twisting 


twisting frame. 


the safety devices on twisting 

frames. 


parts of a twisting frame. 


keeping a twisting frame in a 



numbers of ring travellers and 

their relation with yarn counts. 


NOT using a steel knife to cut 

off roller laps. 


removing wrongly folded ends, 

and oil-stained or dirty yarn from 

the tubes of pre-folded or folded 

yarn. 


maintaining correct twist in the 

thread when ends are started or 

pieced. 


correcting slack spindle tapes and 

badly running spindles. 


tying correct knots and taking 

care to keep yarn waste to a 

minimum. 


applying brakes on spindles when 

putting on or pulling off bobbins. 

92


correctly fitting the bobbins on 

the spindles. 


keeping the ring lubricated, if 

necessary, and the harmful effects 

of over lubricating. 


keeping the yarn passing through 

the trough at the correct depth 

of water and keeping the water 

clean. 


1. Starting and stopping a twisting 

frame, creeling, threading-up, 

doffing and tying correct and 

clean knots. 

2. Cleaning the twisting frames 

efficiently according to schedule. 

3. Differentiating between the 

different counts and ply of the 

pre-folded and folded yarn. 



Piece 5 adjacent ends perfectly in 

80 seconds. 



100 seconds. 



120 seconds. 


40's/2 (R30/2 Tex) cotton yarn on 8" 

lift bobbins with 2" ring diameter 

being used. 


1. Piece ends perfectly and within a 


Skill Standard. The knots should 

be correct and clean. 

2. Clean a twisting frame efficiently 


3. From a prepared board of foldedyarn 

faults indicate the causes of 

the faults. 

93

(h) 


on: 

(a) The purpose of twisting. 

(6) The dangerous parts and 

safety devices on twisting 

frames. 


of a twisting frame. 

(d) The effect of imperfect cleaning 

work on yarn quality 

and machinery. 

0) The effects of not fitting the 

bobbin on the spindle correctly. 

(/) The effects on quality of 

wrongly folded ends, and 

oily or dirty yarn. 

(g) The detrimental effect on 

quality of allowing different 

counts of single yarn becoming 

twisted 

The causes of incorrect twist 

in the yarn. 

(/) The passage of yarn through 

water troughs. 

94

Job Title: Winder (Conical and Parallel Cheeses) (LLO. Classification: 7-52-50) 


Operative 


Tending and cleaning winding 

machines, removing full packages and 

replacing with empty packages, knotting 

broken ends. Sweeping floor 

under and adjacent to winding 

machines. 


1. Know the purpose of winding 

and the working principle of the 

winding machine. 


safety devices on a winding 

machine. 


parts of a winding machine. 


straightening the thread after 

knotting and not allowing loops, 

fly or waste to enter the cheeses. 


of the stopping devices. 


unwinding ALL the yarn from a 

ring tube or cheese. 

7. Know the difficulties which may 

arise in subsequent processes due 

to incorrect knotting, or failing to 

make a knot. 


not allowing different yarns to 

become mixed. 



bobbins and placing them in a 



maintaining the correct slub 

catcher settings. 


keeping a winding machine in a 


Job Skill Standards: ! 

95


using the correct tensioning 

washers. 

13. Be aware of the importance of 13. ÎgSî^^g^n^M^fE^MS ° 

marking or labelling the cheeses 

for different counts. 


making cheeses of uniform 

diameter. 


maintaining the correct number 5!HtR •> 

of ends during multi-end winding, gg 0 

and ensuring each end has the ^ 

same tension. 

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: : ' 

1. Tying correct knots by yarn 1. 

knotter with a good speed. 

2. Tying correct knots by hand. 2. 

3. Threading in and starting ends on 3. 

empty packages with a good 

speed. 

4. Detecting faulty or dirty yarn 4. 

cops, yarn cops of wrong counts 

and faultily wound cheeses. 

5. Cleaning a winding machine 5. 


6. Differentiating between different 6. 

yarn counts from bobbin and 

colour codes or appearances. 

7. Readying faulty ring cops and 7. 

cheeses. 

IIL Skill Standard: 


Replacing feed bobbins, knotting 

and re-starting on 15 adjacent winding 

heads in 80 seconds. 









The above standards are based on a J^±^ffl-bN'5 : [-î&@l : S>±z:-h^ ( 30 

20 counts (30 Tex) cotton yarn and 7 

inches lift feed bobbins being used. 

96


1. Demonstrate competence in hand 

and machine knotting. 

2. Replace feed bobbins, knot ends 

and re-start skilfully in a certain 

time as specified in "Skill 

Standard". 

3. Clean a winding machine 


time. 

4. Check the slub catchers for the 

correct setting. 

5. Check a number of cheeses for 

winding faults and yarn defects. 

6. Repair end breaks on a multiend 

winding machine. 

7. Show skill in readying a number 

of ring cops and cheeses. 


on: 

(a) The purpose of winding. 


safety devices on a winding 

machine. 


of a winding machine. 

(d) The effect of imperfect 

cleaning work on both 

quality and machinery. 

(e) The bad effects resulting 

from failing to make a knot 

of the broken ends. 

(/) The reasons for using bobbins 

of different colours for 

different yarn counts and 


different yarn counts to 

become mixed, 

(g) How to remove yarns which 

have wrapped around winding 

drums. 

(h) What action should be taken 

if clearer settings are wrong, 

stopping devices are not 

operating properly or waxing 

device is not working 

properly. 

97

(/) The importance of unwinding (/) 

ALL the yarn from a ring 

cop or cheese. 

(7) Why different shades of yarn, 0") 

due to different mixings, 

should be kept separate.

Job Title: Reeler (I.L.O. Classification: 7-52-90) 



Operating and cleaning reeling 

frames, placing cones and cheeses in 

position, starting reeling, knotting 

broken ends, tying tie bands, and 

doffing yam hanks. Sweeping floor 

under and near reeling frame. 



1. Know the purpose of reeling and 1. 

the working principle of the reeling 

frame. 


safety devices on a reeling frame. 


parts of a reeling frame. 


keeping a reeling frame in a clean 

condition. 

5. Know the defects caused by fail- 5. 

ing to knot broken ends. 


removing dirty and faulty yarn as KJ^^tSS ° 

well as not allowing yarns to become 

mixed. 

7. Know how to set the measuring 7. 

motion and obtain the correct 

length of yarn of a skein. 


tying tie bands in correct type 

and length. 

9. Know the difficulties which may 

arise due to using tie bands of 

wrong indicating colour, 


of the stopping devices, 

10. 

II. Be aware of the importance of II. 

unwinding ALL the yarn from a 

cheese. 

99

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: ffSISt*: 

1. Starting and stopping a reeling 1. 

frame, placing packages of yarn 

in position, starting reeling, knotting 

broken ends, tying tie bands 

and doffing yarn hanks correctly 

and with a good speed. 

2. Differentiating between different 2. 

kinds and counts of yarn. 

3. Cleaning the reeling frame and 3. < 

the surrounding area, according 

to schedule. 

4. Detecting and removing dirty and 4. 

faulty yarns. 



Tie 10 adjacent broken ends and 

tie bands in 80 seconds or less. 



tie bands in 100 seconds. 



tie bands in 120 seconds. 


20's (30 Tex) cotton yarn skeins of 

2 hanks length being used. 

ffi£A+S>fi^ftJffPKa-h*KMJK 

f&£—5g>ftftJ6SFfiH;2+SEIBMSK 


1. Tie broken ends and tie bands 1. Sc^^gc^F-g-XfFSMaSSîlJ f ft 

correctly within a certain time as 


2. Set the measuring motion on the 2. 

reeling frame. 

3. Check a number of yarn skeins 3. 

for reeling faults and yarn 

defects. 

4. Clean a reeling frame efficiently 4. 


5. Answer questions satisfactorily 5 

on: 

(a) 

(b) 

The purpose of reeling. 


safety devices on a reeling 

frame. 

(c) The names of the main parts (c) «#»*£S3R#£*Si ° 

of a reeling frame. 

100

(d) The effects of imperfect (d) 


machinery. 

(e} The importance of tying (e 

good and clean knots. 

(/) The importance of tying (/) < 

correct tie bands. 

(g) The reasons for using (g) 

different colours of tie bands 

for different yarn counts and 


different kinds of yarn to 

become mixed. 

(h) The importance of main- (A) 

taining the correct yarn M 0 

length in a skein. 

(0 The action to be taken when (/) 

two shades of yarn are 

reeled in a skein. 

101

Job Tnh Tifte* Title. Bundler Rtindler Q.L.O. Classification: 7-52-90) 



Hatching reeled yarn hanks and 

packing them in the bundling press. 

Operating and cleaning the bundling 

press. 



1. Know the purpose of bundling 

and the working principle of the 

bundling press. 


safety devices on a bundling 

press. 


parts of a bundling press. 


keeping the table and the press 

in a clean condition. 


skilfully hatching and packing the PfeHl ° 

yarn hanks. 

6. Be aware of the importance of 6. §BnH&ti&& » Jftff3tSS$i!*H±S 

picking out incorrectly reeled, 4go 

dirty and wrong counts of yarn. 


making a good and regular yarn 

bundle. 

8. Know the number and arrange- 8. ^^S-jfe^ft'M 

ment of yarn skeins per bundle 

JS3^$£^!Kfe c 

for different yarn counts. 


using tying threads of the same 

thickness and using the same 

tension in the tying threads. 


1. Hatching yarn hanks and packing 1. 

them into a bundling press. 

2. Operating a bundling press skil- 2. 

fully, arranging the skeins in the 

correct manner and making a 

good compact package. 

3. Cleaning a bundling press accord- 3. 

ing to schedule. 

102



(a) Hatch 20 skeins of 20s counts 

(30 Tex) in 90 seconds. 

(&) Make 2 bundles, each of 20 

skeins of 20s counts (30 Tex) in 

90 seconds. 


(a) Hatch 20 skeins of 20s counts 


(b) Make 2 bundles, each of 20 


100 seconds. 


(a] Hatch 20 skeins of 20s counts 


(b) Make 2 bundles, each of 20 


110 seconds. 

The above standards are based on 10 

hanks skeins being used. 


1. Hatch yarn hanks for a bundle, 

pack and bundle them in the 

bundling press skilfully within a 



2. Pick out the dirty or faulty yarn 

skeins from a number of skeins. 

3. Clean a bundling press efficiently 



on: 

(a) 

(b) 

The purpose of bundling. 


safety devices on a bundling 

press. 


of a bundling press. 



machinery. 

(e) 

The importance of removing 

dirty and faulty yarn skeins. 

(/) The importance of straightening 

out the skeins on the 

hatching hook for the standard 

number of times. 

103

Job Title: Baler 

&^S±ÛL2^ 



Operating and cleaning a baling 

press, seaming the gunny cloth, ^^^^ . ^-^ . Wg«- w > ^^ 

weighing and marking bales. 

& , ^^^tl^^ffi^^Wtfiife® 

Job Skill Standards: XfFKtgUP : 

I: Trade Theory: ' 

1. Know the purpose of baling and 1. 

the working principle of a baling 

press. 


safety devices on a baling press. 


parts of a baling press. 


keeping the baling press in a 



correct baling so as to meet the /S±Ii : 

specifications in bale packing 

and overall dimensions. 


making correct identification f|, j^g£ 

marks as well as bale numbers, 

net and gross weight. 

7. Know the different labels which 7. ^n^l^^'h 

are used on bundles of yarn. 


1. Operating a baling press so as to 

obtain a properly pressed and 

bound bale. 

2. Marking the bales for different 

yarn contents. 

3. Handling wrapping bands, gunny 

cloth, paper lining and wooden 

battens in the correct manner. 



for this job except the ability to 

operate a baling press so as to bale 

bundled yarn into a compact and even 

package. 

104


1. Operate a baling press so as to 

make a bale of yarn within a 

reasonable time. The bale must 

be properly pressed, wrapped and 

banded with good appearance. 

2. Mark a bale according to 

instructions. 

3. Clean a baling press efficiently 


4. 

Answer 

on: 

(a) 

questions satisfactorily 

The importance of making 

compact and standard size 

bales. 


safety devices on a baling 

press, 

(c) The names of the main 

parts of a baling press. 

(d) The detrimental effect on 

quality of mixing different 

types or counts of yarn in a 

bale. 

(e) 

The reasons for correct and 

clear markings on the bale. 

105

Job Title: Packer 

^~2E£S£ULSS2 


Job Description: XfMWJ: 

Checking, labelling, wrapping, 

weighing, packing and marking |j 

cheeses or bundles of yarn. 

n 


Job SkiU Standards: 

1. Understand the purpose of pack- 1. WR'&tetfiFffi2at»R 

ing and its importance. 

2. Know the different labels and 2. 

marks for different yarns. 


neatness and tidiness when packing 

yarns. 


rejecting faulty cheeses and 

bundles. 

II. Trade SkiU: Be competent in: 

1. Identifying different kinds or ^_ ^ _^ 

pe^ce°U a marks° m orSs a £ " t^SwW»WWa« 

well as rejecting faulty cheeses 

or faulty bundles of yarn. 

2. Calibrating the scales and being 

able to weigh yarn precisely. 

2. 

3. Wrapping, labelling, packing and 

marking yarn packages. 

3. Q$-, 

III. SkiU Standard: 


for this job, except the ability to 

check, label, wrap, weigh and pack 

cheeses and bundles of yarn efficiently. 


1. Weigh and pack one box of 

cheeses and one bundle of yarn 

precisely and tidily within a 


106

2. Calibrate a scale precisely. 2. 

3. Pick out the faulty packages 3. 

from a number of cheeses. 


on: 

(a) The harmful effects of mark- 0) 

ing the yarn incorrectly or ° 

packing the wrong kinds of 

yarn. 

(b) The harmful effects of in- (b) 

correctly weighing yarn 

cheeses or bundles. 

107

Job Title: Roller Maker 

t«x 


S£kSSSSk2^2 

Job Description: Xfl*f8f$t 5 

Cutting and fitting roller cots, » SH • 

aprons and clearers. 


I. Trade Theory: ' 

1. Have a sound knowledge of the 1. 

properties of synthetic cots, 

leather covered rollers, synthetic 

or leather aprons, clearer cloths 

and adhesives. 

2. Know the dimensions of roller 2. 

cloths, roller leathers, roller cots, 

aprons and clearers for the 

various machines in a spinning 

mill. 


economical cutting and good jjsj-1 ^{|[$IJt^liii ° 

fitting of roller leathers and roller 

cloths. 

4. Know the treatments for different 4. 

roller coverings. 


producing concentric rollers and 

good fitting aprons for drafting 

systems of spinning machinery. 

6. Know the purposes and the 6. 

working principles of the roller 

fitting and grinding machines. 

7. Know the safety mechanisms and 7. _ __„ 

dangerous parts of the roller 

firraiSfei 

grinding and fitting machines. u^c*:3E3« 

8. Have a knowledge of shore 8. 

hardness of synthetic cots. 

9. Have a knowledge of top roller 9. 

lubricants and their application. 


1. Cutting, joining, fitting, ending 

and calendering roller cloths and 

roller leather. 

108

2. Cutting and joining aprons and 

clearer cloths. 

3. Fitting roller cots on roller 

bosses in the correct manner. 

4. Operating the roller fitting and 

roller grinding machines. 

5. Checking the eccentricity of 

roller cots. 

6. Preparing varnish and applying 

the varnish to top rollers. 

7. Detecting faulty top rollers, 

aprons and clearers. 



for this job except the ability to cut, 

join and fit aprons, top roller coverings 

and clearer roller cloths, also 

carry out grinding and varnishing as 

necessary. 


1. Cover a top roller with cloth and 

leather, then varnish it, the whole 

test must be completed within a 


2. Mount a number of synthetic 

roller cots and grind according 

to specified size. 

3. Cut and join a bottom roller 

apron in position on a running 

frame. 

4. Check a certain number of 

rollers and aprons and be able to 

indicate any irregularities. 

5. Clean and lubricate a number of 

top rollers. 


on: 

(a) The importance of using 

concentric rollers for drafting. 

(6) The use of different hardnesses 

of cots for different 

raw materials and spinning 

processes. 

(c) The bad effects on drafting 

of poorly cut and joined 

aprons. 

109

(d) The bad effects on drafting (d) 

when using different diameters 

of top roller cots on 

the arbor. 

(e) The reasons for varnishing (JIR ° 

(g) The dangerous parts and (g) 

safety devices on the roller |gg 

grinding machine. 

no

Job Title: Leather Worker (IX O. Classification: 7-52-90) 



Measuring, cutting and joining 

flat leather belts and other leather 

works. 




producing correctly cut and 

joined leather belts in regard to 

life of belt and efficient power 

transmission. 

2. Have a knowledge of the treatment 

for different kinds of 

leathers. 

3. Know the difference in cutting 

length for different kinds of new 

and used leather belts. 


joint direction in regard to 

running direction of the belt. 


economizing in the use of leather. 

6. Know the dangers of fixing a belt 

on a pulley when it is revolving. 


1. Measuring, cutting and joining 

flat leather belts. 

2. Dressing and repairing used 

leather belts. 

3. Mixing adhesive paste for joining 

leather belts. 

4. Fixing a belt on a pulley. 

5. Ascertaining the suitability of 

different leather belts for various 

purposes. 

6. Using all kinds of leather 

economically. 



for this job except the ability to 

measure, cut and join various types 

of leather belts skilfully. 

ill 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

1. 

2. 

3.


1. Measure, cut and join a flat 

leather belt for a given machine 

within a reasonable time. The 

belt joint should be even and the 

length exact. 

2. Repair the leather part of a 2. ^H—-3 

lattice for a given machine. 


on: 

(a) The importance of using the (a) 

correct type of flat leather 

belt in power transmission. 

(b) The bad effects on transmis- (b) 

sion of power, when using 

incorrectly cut and pieced 

flat leather belts. 

(c) The reasons and procedure (c) 

for maintenance in the use 

of leather belts. 

(d) The importance of properly (d) » 

finishing off a metal belt 

fastening. 

112

Job Title: Fibre and Yarn Tester (IX.O. Classification: 9-49-80) 



Testing, recording and investigating 

fibre, lap, sliver, roving, yarn 

quality, and checking processing 

details. 

XfFfH&|: 



1. Know the purpose of fibre to 1 

yarn testing. 

2. Have a knowledge of fibre, lap, 2 

sliver, roving and yarn quality. 

3. Understand how testing data can 1 

be employed in spinning to 

maintain and improve yarn 

quality. 

4. Know the basic statistical theory 4. 

for calculation and analysis ^S° 

from testing data. 

5. Understand the working principle 5. §$ijg—1 

of one or more testing instruments. 

6. Be aware of the importance and 6. 

the method of correct sampling 

procedure so as to represent the 

quality of the whole sample. 

7. Know how to check processing 7. 

details on various textile 

machines. 

8. Know the ^ dangerous parts of 8. 

various textile machines. 


1. Sampling the materials to be 1. 

tested. 

2. Operating one or more testing 2. 

instruments skilfully and precisely. 

3. Recording, calculating test results 3. 

and indicating, if any, abnormal!- lESffflSffr ° 

ties in the results. 

4. Calibrating one or more textile 4. ffîfelE— ° 

testing instruments to maintain 

high degree of accuracy. 

113

5. Keeping the testing instruments 5. 


6. Operating one or more kinds of 6. 

textile machines in 9rder to 

collect samples for testing. 

7. Checking processing details, such 7. 

as nep counts, spindle speeds and 

end breakage rates. 



standards of skill but competent 

testers should be able to sample and 

test fibre to yarn quality with a high 

degree of accuracy within a reasonable 

time. Be able to record, 

calculate and give statistical analysis 

to textile testing t results and indicate 

to his/her superior immediately any 

changes in the results, and also be 

competent in the operation of testing 

instruments. 


1. Test samples of fibre to yarn 

within a reasonable time, the test 

results should be accurate and 

properly recorded. 

2. Indicate from a fibre to yam test 

result, the abnormalities, if any. 

2. ft—fj 

3. Use abacus or other means to do 3. 

simple textile calculations, correct 

answers should be obtained 


4. Use suitable instruments 

checking a given process. 

for 4. 


on: 

5. 

(a) The purpose of fibre to yarn (a) . 

testing and its influence on 

yarn quality and production. 

»ftSS.Si±*^ ° ' 

wm^^mm.^^ \ j 

O) What action should be (b) 

taken if changes occur in 

test results. 

(c) Why fibre to yarn testing (c) 

instruments should be calibrated 

at certain interval. 

(d) The reasons why submission (d) 

of false testing figures is 

STRICTLY PROHIBITED. 

114

Job Title: 

Investigator 



Carrying out processing checks, 

investigating and recording in a -f 




1. Have a knowledge of one or 

more processes in a spinning 

mill. 

2. Know the reasons for investigation 

and checking of spinning 

processes. 

3. Know why only truly representative 

data should be collected and 

recorded in an investigation. 

4. Know how to record and summarise 

data after investigation. 

5. Know the dangerous parts of 



1. Carrying out processing checks 

in a spinning mill and recording 

results. 

2. Handling and using instruments 

in checking and investigating 

work. 

3. Investigating actual processing 

conditions in spinning and recording 

the necessary data. 

4. Summarizing results and writing 

reports on processing checks or 

investigations. 


Factories should make their 

own standards of skill but a competent 

investigator should be able 

to check, investigate and collect data 

for certain designated items in the 

spinning processes, and results 

obtained should be reliable. He/she 

should also be able to indicate to 

his/her superior any significant 

changes in checking or investigation 

results. 

115


1. Explain the use of various instruments 

used in checking and 

investigation. 

2. Investigate and collect data for a 

given process in a spinning mill. 

Results obtained should be 

reliable. 

3. Use abacus or other means to do 

simple arithmetic calculations, 

correct answers should be 

obtained within a reasonable 

time. 


on; 

(a) 

The purpose of investigations 

into various processes 

and how the results may 

indicate a change in quality 

and production. 

(b) The reasons why data collected 

must be truly representative 

of the facts. 

(c) The reasons why submission 

of false investigation 

figures is STRICTLY PRO- 

HIBITED. 

(d) The dangerous parts of the 

various spinning machines 

and the safety precautions 

to be taken. 

116

Job Title: Assistant Mechanic (ILO, Classification: 8-49-45) 



To assist in erecting, setting, 

overhauling, converting, modifying | 

and repairing machinery in one or 




1. Have a mechanical engineering 

knowledge of gearing, belting, 

screw threads, keys and bearings, 

etc. 

2. Understand the construction, 2. HIS—* : 

working principle and operation 

of machinery in one or more 


3. Know the different kinds _of 

engineer's tools and textile 

gauges and their applications. 

4. Know the dangerous parts and 4. ^0^—: 

safety devices on one or more 


5. Know the names of the main 5. MS— : 

parts of machinery in one or 


6. Be aware of >the importance of 6. §81R/J N '! 

careful handling of gauges and 

machine parts. 


correct machine alignment and g* 0 

settings on spinning machines. 

8. Know the different types f of g. 

lubricant and their applications 

and the importance of keeping 

oil holes and grease cups free 

from dirt. 


keeping the working parts of a 

machine in a clean condition. 

10. Have a general knowledge of 10. :^f— 

electricity. 

II. Know the fire prevention and 

fire-fighting procedure. 

117

II. Trade Skill: Be competent in: fflSftfli' 

1. Assisting in machine erection, 1. 

setting, overhauling, conversion 

and repairs, and in following 

instructions from his superior. 

2. Handling and using engineer's 2. o 

tools and textile gauges. 

3. Making simple textile gauges. 3. o 

4. Checking machine parts for wear 4. * 

and reporting any defects to his 

» fa±J$M& o 

superior. 

5. Checking that machine guards 5. 

are always in position. 



standards of skill, but a competent 

assistant mechanic should have some 

engineering knowledge and be able to 

understand the construction, working 

principle and operation of machinery 

in one or more sections of a spinning 

mill. 


1. Find the dimensions of a 1. 

machine part from a given 

drawing. 

2. Correct simple settings _pn one 2. 

given machine in a spinning mill 

to the required tolerances. 

3. Remove a part of a textile 3. 

machine, replace and re-set to 

the satisfaction of his superior. 

4. Remove, clean, examine, lubri- 4. JSBJ» 

cate and replace a ball or roller 

bearing. 

5. Indicate the lubrication points 5. 

on two given machines in a 

spinning mill, and indicate the 

type of lubricant to be used in 

each case. 

6. Make a simple textile gauge. 6. 

7. Check a given machine part for 7. 

wear and comment as to whether 

replacement is necessary. 

ip t {H-ffi^ttSaEIl^^^î 

118

Job Title: 

XfBSM: 

Assistant Electrician (I.L.O. Classification: 8-55-60) 


Operative 


To be directly responsible to the 

electrician for all electrical works. 


1. Be aware of the danger and 

safety precautions relating to 

spinning and electrical equipment. 

2. Be aware of the potential fire 

hazards of electrical equipment 

and know the fire-fighting procedure. 

3. Be familiar with the codes of 

practice in use in Hong Kong 

relating to the earthing of electrical 

equipment and also the 

treatment for electrical shock. 

4. Have a basic knowledge of electrical 

theory including illumination, 

simple circuit calculations 

and the principles of operation 

of machines and transformers. 

5. Be familiar with fault-tracing 

and testing techniques applied 

to simple circuits. 

6. Understand simple wiring diagrams. 

7. Know the different types of 

electrical measuring instrument 

for measuring current, voltage 

and power. 


ventilation of electrical equipment 

and of keeping the equipment 



1. Using hand tools and electrical 

measuring instruments. 

2. Jointing and soldering various 

types of cables. 


119 

frl 

1.

3. Testing and 

simple circuits. 

fault-tracing in 3, 

4. Installing wiring circuits for 4. » 

machines, lighting and switchgear 

under supervision. 

5. Dismantling and re-assembling 5. 

motors, starters and switchgear, 

and making repairs if necessary. 

6. Rewinding damaged stators on 

electric motors. 

6. 

7. Cleaning the electrical equipment 

and its surroundings. 

7. 



standards but in general a competent qg, &~ffim$m*»&mimKft&it 

assistant electrician should be capable 

of installing a simple wiring circuit, 

have a general knowledge of the 

electrical installation in a spinning 

mill and be familiar with basic faulttracing 

and testing techniques. 


1. Carry out a continuity -test, using 

a bell ringer or test lamp or 

ohmmeter. 

2. Measure resistance, using a meg- 2. ^Îg^lPlft^lJlit/^Stt^ 

ger or the voltmeter/ammeter 

method. 

3. Measure current and voltage 3. 

using various types of instruments. 

4. Remove, clean, check, replace 4. 

and re-lubricate the bearings on 

a motor. 

5. Trace a simple fault in a motor 

and switchgear. 

5. $|^—, 

6. Joint and solder various types of 

cables. 

6. 

7. Wire a simple lighting 

machine circuit and test. 

or 7 Hflf—- 

' 

8. Rewind the stator of an electric g 

motor to the satisfaction of the 

examiner. 

9. Answer questions 

on: 

satisfactorily a 

120

(a) Safety precautions when (a) 

working on electrical equipment, 

the importance of 

earthing and overload devices, 

the treatment for 3 ° 

electric shock. 

(b) Simple circuit calculations @> 

involving current rating and 

voltage drop in cables. 

(c) A wiring diagram of a (c) ^—fi 

simple installation. 

(


TEXTILE WORKERS AT UNSKILLED LEVEL 

The following general standards and specifications are required of each 

unskilled worker in the textile industry: 

Literacy is desirable. 


&fi^liô 

2. Training HI ft 

Generally, no special training is M'f'MW » ^8tX$sIII$C±i&3 » {I 

required for workers at unskilled 

level but some knowledge of the 

textile processes involved in the 

section in which he/she is posted is 

desirable. 

3. Mental Ability ^ fig 

a. Be able to act on simple oral 

instructions. 

a. fglE^f^rffillnllft TK o 

b. Be able to differentiate between 

different kinds of waste. 

b. 

c. Be able to understand the impor- c. 

tance of careful handling of 

materials in transit. 

d. Be able to stack materials in d. 

good order and in separate lots 

according to different marks. 

Good physique and be able to 

lift heavy materials without mechanical 

aid. 

4. Physical AbOity ft 

5, Responsibility 

A Directly responsible to immediate a. 

superior for instructions and 

orders. 

b. To avoid:— 6. 

(i) mixing different kinds of 

material and waste. 

(i) 

(ii) causing injury to self and 

fellow workers. 

(ii) 

(iii) damage to machines. 

(iii) 

122

6. Testing 

To assess the competence of an 

unskilled worker it would be advantageous 

to refer to some of the 

Minimum Job Standards for the job 

which can be found in the following 

pages of this manual. Ability can be 

measured by an appropriate trade 

test to determine the degree of 

competency. 

123

Job Title: General Worker 

XftjSM: *£ 

Level of Skill: Unskilled 


Carrying out general unskilled 

duties such as collecting, carrying, __ „._,. 

distributing, sorting or weighing 7Rm^^'s&m~^m^~T^ o 

materials. Cleaning, sweeping, lubri- ^W^sfmzmft-Lft 

eating, or taking care of one or more 

machine jobs. 


Job Standards: : 

General workers should understand 

some of the following theories: 


keeping the floor, walls and HiW^±S : 

ceiling of a spinning mill in a 



not allowing different kinds of gi 0 

waste to become mixed. 

3. Be aware of the importance of 3. !BRft}$€-ttfi8Sa± 

keeping the machines in a clean 

condition. 


correctly weighing materials. 

5. Be aware of ^ the importance of 5. 

careful handling of trucks so as 

not to allow them to strike and 

cause damage to spinning 

machinery. 


stacking materials in good order 

and in separate lots according to 

different marks or counts. 


careful handling of material in 

transit so as not to allow it to 

become dirty or damaged. 

8. Be aware of the importance of 8, 

not allowing different materials 

to become mixed during transit 

or be distributed to the wrong 

places. 

124

9. Understand the purpose of 9. _._ _..... 

efficient scouring and its effects 7&M&&KtW® 

on the quality of products and 

machine maintenance. 


proper lubrication and the effects 

of over lubrication and also be 

able to distinguish between the 

different kinds of lubricant. 

11. Have a knowledge of various 11. 

mechanisms such as gearing, 

belting, bearings, screws and nuts, 

etc., and the basic principles of 

operation of machines in one or 

more spinning processes. 

12. Know the dangerous parts of 12. 


13. Know the position of the fire- 13. jjj; 

fighting appliances and how to ^ 0 

use them. 

II. Practical Ability: : 

General workers are expected to 

be reasonably competent in some of 

the following jobs: 

1. Sweeping floor, walls and ceiling 

of a certain area. 

1. ^M^KK^tSSLKStXKSSR ° 

2. Collecting, identifying and sorting 


2. 

3. Handling trucks and loads of raw 3. 

materials or laps or roving 

bobbins, or cops, or cones, or 

bobbins or baled yarns. 

4. Operating one or more machines 

in a spinning mill. 

4. 


for different materials. 

5. 

6. Maintaining trucks in a good 

running condition. 

6. 

7. Dismantling, scouring, cleaning 7. 

and re-assembling certain machine 

parts f on one or more kinds of 

spinning machine. 

8. Adding lubricants to the lubricating 

points as per schedule. 

8. 

9. Accurately weighing materials. 9. SWfltiW^&W ° 

10. Handling fire-fighting appliances. 10. 

125

III. 

Standard of Physical Ability: 


Be able to lift and carry 

materials or equipment weighing over 

150 Ibs. without mechanical aid. 










General worker may be tested 

by some of the following tests: 

1. Lift and carry materials or equipment 

according to the Standard 

of Physical Ability without 

mechanical aids. 

2. Show ability in handling trucks 

or using tools. 

3. Identify different kinds of waste. 

4. Sweep the floor of a certain area 

and sort the sweepings into 


5. Collect, carry and distribute a 

certain quantity of materials 


time. 

6. Clean part of a machine efficiently 


7. Take part in a scouring team and 

dismantle, scour, clean and reassemble 

one section of a spinning 

machine skilfully within a 

reasonable time. Indicate to the 

in-charge any abnormal wear of 

machine parts. 

8. Point out the dangerous parts of 

given spinning machinery and the 

safety precautions to be taken. 

9. Stack a quantity of materials as 

per instruction. 

10. Weigh a quantity of material. 

126

11. Operate one or more given 11. 

machines in a spinning mill. 


on: 

(a) The importance of keeping (a) o 

a spinning mill in a clean 

condition. 

(b) The reasons for sorting (b) [BffE8PfGB#S;iS6 ° 


(c) How to differentiate between 

laps or rovings or cops or 

cheeses of different counts. 

(d) The use and care of weigh- (d) o 

ing machines. 

(e) The reasons for machine 0) &mt&tm&&K&1&m.Sb& 

scouring and its importance 

on quality of product and 

machine maintenance. 

(/) The harmful effects of insufficient 

lubrication, over 

lubrication, and using incorrect 

lubricants. 

(g) The dangerous parts of (g) ft»fam±1t&mfcfcW&i 

spinning machines and the 

safety precautions to be 

taken. 

(h) Fire prevention and firefighting 

precedure. 

127

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