WHO Drug Information Vol. 20, No. 4, 2006 - World Health ...

WHO Drug Information Vol 20, No. 4, 2006
than isoniazid or moxifloxacin in clearing
the infection during the continuation
phase, it was not better than that of a
rifampicin+isoniazid combination. However,
when a 6-month treatment regimen
containing PA- 824 in combination with
rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide
was tested in mice, the PA-824 containing
regimens were superior to the standard
first line regimen in terms of more rapid
reductions of the bacterial burden during
treatment and lower rates of relapse after
treatment. PA-824 entered phase I clinical
trials in June 2005.
Nitroimidazole OPC-67683
(Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Japan)
Little information about this compound is
publicly available. It belongs to a subclass
of mycolic acid inhibitors. In vitro, OPC-
67683 showed high activity against drugsensitive
as well drug-resistant strains.
No cross-resistance with any of the
current first-line drugs was observed.
Moreover, OPC-67683 showed strong
intracellular activity against H37Rv strain
of M. tuberculosis residing within human
macrophages and type II pneumocytes.
When tested in mouse models for chronic
tuberculosis, OPC-67683 showed a 6–7
fold higher activity compared to first line
drugs isoniazid and rifampicin. No antagonist
activity could be observed when
OPC-67683 was used in combination with
currently used anti-TB drugs in vivo.
Pyrrole LL- 3858 (Lupin Limited, India)
Very limited information on the development
of pyrroles as antimycobacterial
agents is currently available. Pyrrole
derivatives were found to be active
against standard and drug-sensitive M.
tuberculosis strains in vitro. Pyrrole
derivative LL-3858 showed higher bactericidal
activity than isoniazid when administered
as monotherapy to infected mice.
Pyrrole LL3858 is currently in Phase I
clinical trials.
Medicines for Tuberculosis
Pleuromutilins (GlaxoSmithKline–
TB Alliance Partnership)
The pleuromutilins represent a novel
class of antibiotics derived from a natural
product. They interfere with protein
synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA.
Despite the novelty of this class of compounds,
recent studies have shown that
cross-resistance might occur among
pleuromutilins and oxazolidinones.
Pleuromutilins have been shown to inhibit
the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro. The
goal of this project is the identification of a
pleuromutilin derivative that is active
against MDR-TB and allows shortening of
the treatment schedule.
Dipiperidine SQ-609 (Sequella Inc.)
Dipiperidine SQ-609 is a novel compound
structurally unrelated to existing anti-TB
drugs. It kills M. tuberculosis by interfering
with cell wall biosynthesis (precise
mechanism unknown). Antimicrobial
activity has been demonstrated in vivo in
mouse models.
ATP Synthase Inhibitor FAS20013
(FASgene)
FAS20013 is a novel compound belonging
to the class of ß-sulphonylcarboxamides.
The compound is very effective
in killing MDR-TB organisms that are
resistant to multiple drugs currently in
use. A series of recent laboratory experiments
indicates the superior effect of
FAS20013 compared to current drugs in
terms of its ability to “sterilize” TB lesions
and kill latent TB. Therapeutic evaluation
of FAS20013 has repeatedly shown its
effectiveness in mice, and it appears to
have no serious side effects.
Translocase I Inhibitor (Sequella Inc.)
Translocase inhibitors specifically inhibit
mycobacterial translocase I, an enzyme
required for bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Preclinical evaluation of the compounds
is planned.
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