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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701 showed the highest AM colonization, whereas the highest spore numbers was observed in the rhizosphere of A. acuminata. No correlation was observed between spore numbers and root length percentage colonized by AM fungi. Results of this study showed that Alnus acuminata is facultatively AM. The AM colonization, intraradical fungi structures and AMF spore numbers varied in species depending on phenological, climatic and edaphic conditions 57 . The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities from the Yungas forests of Argentina were studied. The AMF species present in the rhizosphere of some dominant native plants (one tree: Alnus acuminata; three herbaceous species: Duchesnea indica, Oxalis conorrhiza, Trifolium aff. repens; and one shrub: Sambucus peruviana) from two sites (Quebrada del Portugués and Narváez Range) of the Yungas forests were isolated, identified and quantified during the four seasons of the year. Twenty-two AMF morphotaxa were found. Spore density of some AMF species at each site varied among seasons. The genera that most contributed to the biodiversity index were Acaulospora for Quebrada Del Portugués and Glomus for Narváez Range.High diversity values were observed in the Yungas forests, particularly in the spring (rainy season). We concluded AMF differed in species composition and seasonal sporulation dynamics in the Yungas forests 58 . In each inventory, scientists analyzed its floristic composition and ecological parameters, as altitude, soil and geomorphology. All relives were synthesized in a table to deduce the different associations, higher phytosociological units, and the distribution of its flora along the Peruvian coast and the <strong>An</strong>dean Cordillera. Using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the diversity of this flora is discussed making a comparison with historical data about the use of the territory with livestock during pre-Inca and Inca cultures, and Spanish invasion. The Tetragonio crystallinae-Plantaginetalia limensis order presents characteristic plants don't linked with eutrophic soils, as Calandrinia alba, Cryptantha limensis, Dyschoriste repens, Monnina macrostachya, Oxalis lomana, Palaua malvifolia, Pectocarya lateriflora, Plantago limensis or Tetragonia crystallina, with a distribution that claps the geographical area of the new alliances. On the other hand, the vegetation of the desert ravines is discussed in the context of the coastal river plant communities and its disturbance by the dunes. After the application of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index on the synthetic table columns, we can deduce that an increase in <strong>An</strong>dean and European ruderal species is linked to an intensive livestock activity. The transhumance between the <strong>An</strong>des and the coast from pre-Inca times until now produces the plant dispersion of high <strong>An</strong>dean plants toward the coast; the Spanish colonization was the origin of the presence of European plants in the "lomas" vegetation of Peru 59 . Combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences for 112 species of Oxalidales (4900 aligned nucleotides) were used for a fossil-calibrated phylogeny that includes 43 of the 54 species of Chilean Oxalis, and species distribution models (SDMs) incorporating precipitation, temperature, and fog, and the phylogeny were used to reconstruct ancestral habitat preferences, relying on likelihood and Bayesian techniques. Since uneven collecting can reduce the power of SDMs, we compared three strategies to correct for collecting effort. Unexpectedly, the Oxalis flora of Chile consists of seven distant lineages that originated at different times prior to the last <strong>An</strong>dean uplift pulse; some had features pre-adapting them to seasonally arid or xeric conditions. Models that incorporated fog and a 'collecting activity surface' performed best and identified the Mediterranean zone as a hotspot of Oxalis species as well as lineage diversity, because it harbors a mix of ancient and young groups, including insufficiently arid-adapted species. There is no evidence of rapid adaptive radiation 60 . OTHER IMPACTS Several plants causing poisoning in herbivores in Israel have an association with human health. Ferula communis (giant fennel) contains a potent anticoagulant and induces severe haemorrhagic diathesis in grazing ewes, or similar changes in utero in lambs. These and other teratogenic changes have been seen in babies from mothers receiving the anticoagulant warfarin during pregnancy. The photoactive principle is currently used in the treatment of psoriasis in man, and such patients should be examined for possible ocular toxicity. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) caused myopathy in ruminants and is ingested by certain ethnic groups. Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) causes large-scale oxalate poisoning in sheep and is avidly eaten by children 61 . Invasion by alien plants may be partially related to disturbancerelated increases in nutrient availability and decreases of competition with native species, and to superior competitive ability of the invader. High nutrient availability increased Oxalis and some vegetative biomass and reproductive output to a similar degree. Competition with some vegetative had a much stronger negative effect on Oxalis bulb production than reduced nutrients. Vegetative was a superior competitor than Oxalis; the latter did not affect Lolium maximum biomass and spike production. Vol. 3 (3) Jul – Sep2012 www.ijrpbsonline.com 1184
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701 Significantly greater soil-P availability in Oxalisinvaded field soils relative to paired non-invaded soils suggests that Oxalis influences soil P cycling. Oxalis is a poor competitor. This is consistent with the preferential distribution of Oxalis in disturbed areas such as ruderal habitats, and might explain its low influence on the cover of native species in invaded sites. The results also suggest that certain disturbances (e.g. autumn ploughing) may greatly enhance Oxalis invasion 63 . CONCLUSION Oxalis corniculata is a wonderful plant having enormous range of different activities. In this article have assembled almost all information related to different research activity of plant. Same type of review paper has been published on Tribulus terrestris, a traditionally important wild medicinal herb of waste lands, which became a popular article for further investigations on particular medicinal herbs 57 . This review will help to researchers & scholars to go deep in this area as plant indicate vast range of phytochemical related to origin so it can be suggested the further work can be done on Oxalis corniculata which is collected from different season and agro climatic zone .Definitely it is assume that research will be able to find out more suitable and specific drug plant having particular activity in specific season. Some scientist needs this data and concepts to re-research on the present scientific plant. It can really contribute to medical and pharmaceutical practices. There are still many more activities waiting for screening the drug from oxalis corniculata. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to the Executive Director of Shri Ram College Muzaffarnagar (UP), India for providing the necessary facilities and tools to carry out the project work. REFERENCES 1. Kathiriya AK, Das kuntal, Joshipura Manan and Mandal Nishith. Oxalis corniculata Linn- The plant of Indian subtropics. Herbal tech industry. 2010; 7. 2. Raghvendra MP, Satish S and Raveesha KA. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Oxalis Corniculata, a known medicinal plant. My SCIENCE. 2006;72-78. 3. Kathiriya A, Das K, Kumar EP and Mathai KB. Evaluation of antitumor and antioxidant activity of Oxalis Corniculata Linn.against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma on mice. Iran J Cancer Prev. 2010;3:157-165. 4. DellaGreca M, Previtera L, Purcaro R and Zarrelli A. Phytotoxic aromatic constituents of Oxalis pes-caprae. Chem Biodivers. 2009;6(4):459-65. 5. Khan MR and Zehra H. Amelioration of CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity by Oxalis corniculata in rat. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2011. 6. Bais HP, Park SW, Halligan KM and Vivanco JM. Exudation of fluorescent betacarbolines from Oxalis tuberosa L roots. Phytochemistry. 2002;61(5):539-43. 7. Feresin GE, Tapia A, Sortino M, Zacchino S, de Arias AR, Inchausti A, Yaluff G and Rodriguez J, Theoduloz C. Bioactive alkyl phenols and embelin from Oxalis erythrorhiza. J Ethanopharmocol. 2003;88(2-3):241-7. 8. Alcalde-Eon C, Saavedra G, de Pascual- Teresa S and Rivas-Gonzalo JC. .Liquid chromatogramphy-mass spectrometry identification of anthocyanins of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa, Mol.) tubers. Chromatogar 2004;211-5. 9. DellaGreca M, Previtera L, Purcaro R and Zarrelli A. Cinnamic ester derivatives from Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup). J Nat Prod 2007; 70(10):1664-7. 10. Pseudozizeeria maha Mizokami H, Tomita- Yokotani K and Yoshitama K. Flavonoids in the leaves of Oxalis corniculata and sequestration of the flavonoids in the wing scales of the pale grass blue butterfly. J Plant Res.2008; 121(1):133-6. 11. ellagreca M, Purcaro R, Previtera L and Zarrelli A. Phenyl cinnamate derivatives from Oxalis pes-caprae. Chem Biodivers.2008 ;(11):2408-14. 12. ellaGreca M, Previtera L and Zarrelli A. A new aromatic component from Oxalis pescaprae. Nat Prod Res. 2010; 24(10):958-61. 13. uh S, Kim YS, Jung E, Lim J, Jung KS, Kim MO, Lee J and Park D. Melanogenesis inhibitory effect of fatty acid alkyl esters isolated from Oxalis triangularis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010; 33(7):1242-5. 14. bhilash PA, Nisha P, Prathapan A, Nampoothiri SV, Lijo Cherian O, Sunitha TK and Raghu. Cardioprotective effects of aqueous extract of Oxalis corniculata in experimental myocardial infarction. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2011; 63(6):535-40. Vol. 3 (3) Jul – Sep2012 www.ijrpbsonline.com 1185
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