An Absolute Review on Oxalis corniculata Linn. - International ...

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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701 invasive species of weed in many places. The most effective method of controlling common oxalis is hand removal. Since it can regrow from its roots, mechanical removal through tilling or mulching will not kill the plant. Most types of herbicide are largely ineffective against common oxalis, requiring multiple treatments to kill the plant. Herbicidal treatments are generally more effective if they are used early in the plant's development cycle. Burning is also an ineffective method of treatment due to the species' ability to re grow from its roots. Oxalis corniculata is a naturally occurring weed that has been used in traditional medicine for the cure of dysentery and diarrhea in India 3 . <strong>An</strong>tioxidant activity <strong>An</strong>ticancer activity Biochemical & Phytochemical <strong>An</strong>alysis <strong>An</strong>timicrobial activity Oxalis corniculata Genetics & Molecular Biology Pharmacological activity Plant Physiology & Plant Biotechnology Fig. 1: Sequential study chart of oxalis corniculata BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES A cinnamic acid ester, two dihydrocinnamic acid esters, a noroxyneolignan, a dibenzyl ether derivative, along with common aromatic compounds and flavonoids were isolated from the extracts of fresh leaves and twigs of Oxalis pes-caprae.The structures of these aromatic compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D-NMR techniques 4 . CCl 4 induces oxidative stress in various tissues by altering antioxidant enzymes defense system. In this study we investigated the chemical composition and protective role of Oxalis corniculata methanol extract (OCME) on CCl 4 -induced nephrotoxicity in rat..Intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 (1ml/kg b.w., 20% in olive oil) once a day for seven days caused nephrotoxicity as evident by elevated levels of urinary specific gravity, RBCs, WBCs, creatinine, protein, urobilinogen and nitrite 5 . PHYTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES The main fluorescent compounds were characterized as harmine (7-methoxy-1-methyl-beta-carboline) and harmaline (3, 4-dihydroharmine). Detected endogenous root fluorescence in other plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Phytolacca americana, a possible indication that this phenomenon is widespread within the plant kingdom 6 . The benzoquinone embelin and four alkyl phenols were isolated from an Argentinean collection of Oxalis erythrorhiza. 3-Heptadecyl-5-methoxy-phenol is reported for the first time. Embelin presented inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the dermatophytic fungi Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and on human being. Trichophyton rubrum with MICs ranging between 50 and 100 microg/ml. Furthermore, embelin was active against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes with Vol. 3 (3) Jul – Sep2012 www.ijrpbsonline.com 1174
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701 100% lysis at 100 microg/ml and cytotoxicity below the trypanocidal concentration. The new alkyl phenol 3-heptadecyl-5-methoxy-phenol was active towards Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani promastigotes with 100% lysis at100 microg/ml. The cytotoxicity of embelin and the new alkyl phenol 7 . High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- diode array detection (DAD)-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been successfully employed in the identification of the anthocyanins of the coloured tubers of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa), the second most cultivated tuber in the <strong>An</strong>dean region. Tubers underwent a pre-treatment step in order to inhibit enzymatic reactions and to obtain a stable powder or "concentrate". This concentrate was dissolved, purified and then analysed. Eight different compounds were found. The major peaks were malvidin glucosides (malvidin 3-O-glucoside and 3, 5-O-diglucoside). The rest of the peaks were 3,5-Odiglucosides of petunidin and peonidin, and 3-Oglucosidesof delphinidin, petunidin and peonidin. Only malvidin 3-O-acetylglucoside-5-O-glucoside was found as an acylated anthocyanin 8 . Seven new cinnamic ester derivatives (1- 7) were isolated from a methanol extract of the fresh leaves and twigs of Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup). The effects of compounds 1- 7 on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) were studied 9 . Three C-glycosylflavones in the leaves of Oxalis corniculata, the host plant of the lycaenid butterfly pale grass blue (Pseudozizeeria maha), were identified as 6-C-glucosylluteolin (isoorientin), 6-Cglucosylapigenin (isovitexin) and isovitexin 7-methyl ether (swertisin) 10 . The fresh leaves and twigs of the plant were crumbled and extracted with AcOEt. The solution was concentrated, and separated into acidic and neutral fractions. The crude neutral residue was fractionated by chromatographic procedures, followed by structure elucidation on the basis of 1Hand 13C-NMR, and MS data analysis, and six new phenyl cinnamate derivatives were identified. The phytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds on the germination and growth of the dicotyledon Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) were studied in the concentration range from 10(-4) to 10(-7) M. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) were studied 11 . The fresh leaves and twigs of Oxalis pes-caprae were crumbled and extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were fractionated by Chromatographic procedure , followed by structure elucidation using mass spectrophotometry and (1) h- and (13) c- NMR spectroscopy and a new phenyl cinnamate derivatives was identified , along with some known compound 12 . Ten fatty acid alkyl esters isolated from Oxalis triangularis, were evaluated for the effects on melanogenesis using mouse B16 melanoma cells. Treatment of methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate,ethyl linoleate and ethyl linolenate significantly blocked forskolin-induced melanogenesis and inhibited tyrosinase activity. In addition, we found that they inhibited cAMP production, suggesting that their anti-melanogenic effect is mediated by the inhibition of cAMP production. We concluded that methyl/ethyl linoleate and linolenate isolated from Oxalis triangularis have pigment inhibition activity. These compounds may be useful as the cosmetic agent to stimulate skin whitening 13 . The present study evaluated the protective potential of aqueous extract of Oxalis corniculata (OCE) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats. Myocardial infarction in rats was induced by isoproterenol (200 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. OCE was given to rats as pretreatment for 30 days orally using an intragastric tube. Isoproterenol caused a significant increase in the activity of cardiac injury marker enzymes like creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increased the concentration of serum lipids. OCE pretreatment significantly reduced the concentration of CPK, LDH, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. OCE also reduced the activity of lipogenic enzyme; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in ISO administered rats. Oxidative stress produced by isoproterenol was significantly lowered by the administration of OCE which was evident from increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and reduced concentration of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS and conjugated dienes). Concentration of vitamin C, protein sulfhydryl groups and reduced glutathione (GSH) was also high in OCE pretreated rats. Histopathology of heart of ISO administered rat pretreated with OCE showed normal myocardium with very little evidence of inflammatory infiltration. Results of our in vitro findings also confirmed that OCE exhibits significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activity against DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide radicals. These findings provided evidence that Oxalis Corniculata was found to be protecting the myocardium against ischemic insult and the protective effect could attribute to its antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic activities 14 . GENETICS Frequencies of floral morphs in progenies obtained from a complete set of diallelic crosses among three accessions of tristylous, octoploid oca (Oxalis tuberosa) were used for a Mendelian analysis of floral morph inheritance. The frequencies observed Vol. 3 (3) Jul – Sep2012 www.ijrpbsonline.com 1175
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