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Appendix 2 Assessment of erosion hazard Erosion hazard has been assessed on the assumption that open-field clean cultivation techniques are to be used. Three main factors affect the degree of erosion to which an area is subject; the length and steepness of slope, the duration and intensity of rainfall and the infiltration characteristics of the soil. Slope is taken as the most important variable in the assessment of erosion hazard. Four slope categories have been defined. a) 1% (0.5 ) These areas should not require mechanical protection works. The use of grass strips and contour ploughing should give adequate erosion control. b) 1-3% CO.6-1.75 ) These areas require normal mechanical protection works which include graded terraces and grassed protected waterways. Contour ploughing and strip cropping should be practised. Mean contour intervals should range between 46-88 m. c) 3.1-10% (1.76-6°) These areas require normal mechanical protection works organised on a catchment rather than an individual farm basis. They should not be used for large-scale mechanised farming schemes based on the rainfed crops considered in this report: the short, inter-terrace intervals and complexity of the layout mean that economic running of machinery is extremely difficult and is only worthwhile for high-value crops such as tobacco. d) > 10% (6 ) These areas have a high erosion hazard and intensive conservation measures such as bench terracing are required. They are more suited to tree crops than arable crops. Total protection is recommended. Data are not available for the project area on the duration and intensity of rainfall, but the start of the rainy season is characterised by short, heavy, violent rainstorms, having a high erosive power. It was not possible to subdivide the area according to the rainfall pattern. A15
Many of the silty or fine sandy surface soils in the Kaduna Plains rapidly form a capping which reduces infilatration at the beginning of the rainy' period: trampling by cattle may add to the problem. No quantitative measurements have been made so there has been no attempt to rank the soils according to their infiltration characteristics. Alb
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f yrce Styd Land resources of centr
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Land Resources Development Centre L
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List of volumes Title: land resourc
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Contents LIST OF TEXT MAPS ix LIST
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TEXT MAPS following page 5.1 Projec
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Abstract and keywords ABSTRACT 2 Th
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Parti
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SUMMARY 2 The Kaduna Plains (39 850
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all statements are generalised of n
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REPORTING As the project area is so
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7°00' ii°30'ir SvA 7%\ 11°00' 10
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necessary before a realistic assess
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Part 2 Aspects of the environment T
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11°00' 10°30' 10°00' TEXT MAP 5.
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Table 1. During the rainy period, c
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The general relief features can be
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7°00' 7°30' 11°30' 11°00' 10°3
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KADUNA PLAINS-PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS T
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The landforms, therefore, being pre
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It is, therefore, impossible to pre
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low but well humified almost everyw
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example, have a characteristic comm
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Areas with more than ^60% cultivati
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1. The sorghum/maize farming system
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(now known as local government area
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Fodder trees The woody vegetation a
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e stocked more lightly and 113-4 ha
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Since the beginning of the Sahelian
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Part 3 Environmental limitations to
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CLIMATIC FACTORS IN RELATION TO CRO
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TABLE 5 Sunnary of main characteris
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TABLE 7 Dominant-soil chemical char
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TABLE 8 Dominant slope and range of
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TABLE 10 Summary of main characteri
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TABLE 11 Soil physical limitations
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a limit of 3% (approx. 1.5°) for m
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LAND SYSTEMS WITH FOUR CROP OPTIONS
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2. Soil chemical characteristics So
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Forestry Most land systems have an
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2. Soil chemical characteristics In
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Forestry Poles and firewood are rea
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2. Soil chemical characteristics As
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TABLE 33 Dominant slope and range o
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TABLE 37 Dominant-soil chemical cha
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Forestry The land system is extensi
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Part 4 Development possibilities TY
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TABLI A4 Agricultural development p
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Present grazing status and cattle m
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KADUNA PLAINS TEXT MAP 5.10 FOREST
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though some inputs should be made a
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organised into large blocks. All th
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iii. Continuation of the build-up o
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In sparsely cultivated areas the mo
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Management Due to the high capital
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slopes, so that the most favourable
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The cooperation and participation o
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KADUNA PLAINS TEXT MAP 5.12 AREAS S
Page 127 and 128: 2. Main wet- and dry-season grazing
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 46 Areas suitable for locatio
Page 131 and 132: Cattle ranches The ranches will 'gr
Page 133 and 134: Fulani) 910 kg, cross bred Bunaji-F
Page 135 and 136: KADUNA PLAINS AREAS SUITABLE FOR CA
Page 137 and 138: provided they are sited within abou
Page 139 and 140: In Table 50 the estimated 1992 cons
Page 141 and 142: TABLE 51 Land systems in forest res
Page 143 and 144: The calorific value of firewood Bef
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 53 Estimates of volume of pol
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 56 Forest reserves recommende
Page 149 and 150: KADUNA PLAINS TEXT MAP 5.1 6 FOREST
Page 151 and 152: From these data, a maximum total bi
Page 153 and 154: Watershed Management Project In the
Page 155 and 156: 4. A socioeconomic study of Fulani
Page 157 and 158: transport available to the extensio
Page 159 and 160: Part 5
Page 161 and 162: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (
Page 163 and 164: WALKER J & ROWNTREE P R (1976) The
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 1 Interpretation of soil d
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 2 Soil drainage classes defin
Page 169 and 170: TABLE 4 Soil texture as a factor li
Page 171 and 172: The assessment of coarse material a
Page 173 and 174: TABLE 8 Limitations due to phosphor
Page 175 and 176: TABLE 9a Nature and degree of limit
Page 177: it is classed as limitation categor
Page 181 and 182: 8. In practice, a farmer is unlikel
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 4 Evaluation of the growth
Page 185 and 186: limitation score. This information
Page 187 and 188: *9 AITCHISON P J & GLOVER P E (1970
Page 189 and 190: 24 JENKIN R N, ROSE INHES R, DUNSMO
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