L - X-Ray Data Booklet - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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CONTENTS 1. X-Ray Properties of the Elements 1-1 1.1 Electron Binding Energies Gwyn P. Williams 1-1 1.2 X-Ray Emission Energies Jeffrey B. Kortright and Albert C. Thompson 1-8 1.3 Fluorescence Yields For K and L Shells Jeffrey B. Kortright 1-28 1.4 Principal Auger Electron Energies 1-30 1.5 Subshell Photoionization Cross Sections Ingolf Lindau 1-32 1.6 Mass Absorption Coefficients Eric M. Gullikson 1-38 1.7 Atomic Scattering Factors Eric M. Gullikson 1-44 1.8 Energy Levels of Few-Electron Ionic Species James H. Scofield 1-53 2. Synchrot ron Radiation 2-1 2.1 Characteristics of Synchrotron Radiation Kwang-Je Kim 2-1 2.2 History of Synchrotron Radiation Arthur L. Robinson 2-17 2.3 Operating and Planned Facilities Herman Winick 2-24
3. Scattering Processes 3-1 3.1 Scattering of X-Rays from Electrons and Atoms Janos Kirz 3-1 3.2 Low-Energy Electron Ranges In Matter Piero Pianetta 3-5 4. Optics and Detectors 4-1 4.1 Multilayers and Crystals James H. Underwood 4-1 4.2 Specular Reflectivities for Grazing-Incidence Mirrors Eric M. Gullikson 4-14 4.3 Gratings and Monochromators Malcolm R. Howells 4-17 4.4 Zone Plates Janos Kirz and David Attwood 4-28 4.5 X-Ray Detectors Albert C. Thompson 4-33 5. Miscellaneous 5-1 5.1 Physical Constants 5-1 5.2 Physical Properties of the Elements 5-4 5.3 Electromagnetic Relations 5-11 5.4 Radioactivity and Radiation Protection 5-14 5.5 Useful Equations 5-17
Page 1 and 2: X-Ray Data Booklet X-RAY DATA BOOKL
Page 3 and 4: X-Ray Data Booklet Physical Constan
Page 5: C E N T E R F O R X - R A Y O P T I
Page 9 and 10: Data Booklet Authors X-Ray Data Boo
Page 11 and 12: Data Booklet Authors http://xdb.lbl
Page 13 and 14: 1 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.1 EL
Page 15 and 16: Table 1-1. Electron binding energie
Page 21 and 22: Table 1-2 Table 1-1. Electron bindi
Page 23 and 24: Table 1-2 28 Ni 8333 1008.6† 870.
Page 27 and 28: Table 1-2 51 Sb 33.3† 32.1† 52
Page 31 and 32: Table 1-2 75 Re 273.9† 260.5† 4
Page 33 and 34: 1 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.2 X-
Page 35 and 36: X-Ray Data Booklet Table 1-2. Photo
Page 37 and 38: 41 Nb 16,615.1 16,521.0 18,622.5 2,
Page 39 and 40: 82 Pb 74,969.4 72,804.2 84,936 10,5
Page 41 and 42: Table 1-3. Energies and intensities
Page 45 and 46: Energy (eV) Element Line Table 1-3.
Page 51 and 52: Energy (eV) Element Line Table 1-3.
Page 53 and 54: 1 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.3 FL
Page 55 and 56: 1 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.4 PR
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1 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.5 SU
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1 Fig. 1-4. Subshell photoemission
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1 Fig. 1-4. Subshell photoemission
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.5 SUBS
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10 1 0.1 Nitrogen (N) Z = 7 Total 1
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10 1 0.1 3p Nickel (Ni) Z = 28 Tota
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.6 MASS
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10 6 Nitrogen (N) 10 4 10 2 10 0 10
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10 6 Nickel (Ni) 10 4 10 2 10 0 10
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.7 ATOM
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8 Oxygen (O) 12 Aluminum (Al) f 1 4
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60 40 Ruthenium (Ru) 80 Tungsten (W
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http://xdb.lbl.gov/Section1/Sec_1-8
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.8 ENER
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Table 1-4. Ionization energies, in
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X-ray_Elements http://xdb.lbl.gov/S
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Test Electron Binding Energies in e
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Lithium | CXRO | ALS | Please send
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Lithium | CXRO | ALS | Please send
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Boron | CXRO | ALS | Please send qu
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Carbon | CXRO | ALS | Please send q
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Nitrogen Please send questions or c
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Nitrogen Please send questions or c
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Fluorine Please send questions or c
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Sodium Electron Binding Energies in
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Magnesium Electron Binding Energies
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Aluminium Electron Binding Energies
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Silicon Electron Binding Energies i
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Silicon Electron Binding Energies i
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Sulfur Electron Binding Energies in
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Chlorine Electron Binding Energies
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Argon Electron Binding Energies in
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Potassium Electron Binding Energies
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Calcium Electron Binding Energies i
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Scandium Electron Binding Energies
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Titanium Electron Binding Energies
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Vanadium Electron Binding Energies
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Chromium Electron Binding Energies
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Manganese Electron Binding Energies
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Iron Electron Binding Energies in e
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http://xdb.lbl.gov/Section1/Periodi
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Fe Electron Binding Energies in ele
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Fe Electron Binding Energies in ele
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Gallium Electron Binding Energies i
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Arsenic Electron Binding Energies i
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Krypton Electron Binding Energies i
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Rubidium Electron Binding Energies
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Strontium Electron Binding Energies
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Yttrium Electron Binding Energies i
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Zirconium Electron Binding Energies
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Niobium Electron Binding Energies i
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Molybdenum Electron Binding Energie
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Technetium Electron Binding Energie
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Ruthenium Electron Binding Energies
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Rhodium Electron Binding Energies i
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Palladium Electron Binding Energies
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Silver Electron Binding Energies in
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Cadmium Electron Binding Energies i
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Indium Electron Binding Energies in
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Tin Electron Binding Energies in el
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Antimony Electron Binding Energies
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Tellurium Electron Binding Energies
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Iodine Electron Binding Energies in
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Xenon Electron Binding Energies in
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Hafnium Electron Binding Energies i
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Tantalum Electron Binding Energies
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Rhenium Electron Binding Energies i
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Osmium Electron Binding Energies in
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Iridium Electron Binding Energies i
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Mercury Electron Binding Energies i
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Thallium Electron Binding Energies
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Radon Electron Binding Energies in
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Actinium Electron Binding Energies
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Rutherfordium Electron Binding Ener
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Meitnerium Electron Binding Energie
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Cerium Electron Binding Energies in
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Praseodymium Electron Binding Energ
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Neodymium Electron Binding Energies
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Promethium Electron Binding Energie
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Samarium Electron Binding Energies
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Europium Electron Binding Energies
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Gadolinium Electron Binding Energie
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Terbium Electron Binding Energies i
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Dysprosium Electron Binding Energie
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Holmium Electron Binding Energies i
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Erbium Electron Binding Energies in
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Thulium Electron Binding Energies i
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Ytterbium Electron Binding Energies
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Lutetium Electron Binding Energies
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Thallium Electron Binding Energies
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Protactinium Electron Binding Energ
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Plutonium Electron Binding Energies
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Americium Electron Binding Energies
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Curium Electron Binding Energies in
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Berkelium Electron Binding Energies
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Fermium Electron Configuration = [R
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Nobelium Electron Configuration = [
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Uranium Electron Binding Energies i
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Neptunium Electron Binding Energies
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X-Ray Data Booklet Order Form X-Ray
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SECTION 2 X-Ray Data Booklet Sectio
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SECTION 2 In practical units [photo
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SECTION 2 Fig. 2-2. Normalized inte
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SECTION 2 wiggler. B.1 Wiggler radi
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SECTION 2 Here, the J’s are Besse
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SECTION 2 Fig. 2-5. The angular dis
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SECTION 2 (18) where Z 0 = 377 ohms
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SECTION 2 Fig. 2-7. The angular fun
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SECTION 2 and where the single-elec
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SECTION 2 parameters as operating v
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History of Synchrotron Radiation So
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X-Ray Data Booklet Table 2-1. Stora
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Location Spain Barcelona Sweden Lun
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ScatteringProcess X-Ray Data Bookle
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ScatteringProcess where . The kinet
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ScatteringProcess (Springer-Verlag,
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Section 3-2 Electron Ranges in Matt
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Fig. 3-3. Plot of the CSDA range, a
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Fig. 3-4. Inelastic mean free paths
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Section 4. Optics 4. Optics Content
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SECTION 4 rays make a small angle (
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SECTION 4 and can be found at the w
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SECTION 4 are called gratings and a
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SECTION 4 8 α-Quartz, silicon diox
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SECTION 4 28 Gypsum, calcium sulfat
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SECTION 4 44 Ammonium () 8.80 (CHOH
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SECTION 4 59 Rubidium hydrogen phth
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normally requires modeling or simul
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1.0 0.8 d = 4.5 nm Γ = 0.4 Reflect
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Table 4-1. Selected data for crysta
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Table 4-1. Selected data for crysta
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4 X-Ray Data Booklet Section 4.2 Sp
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4 Fig. 4-4. Specular reflectivities
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4 = 12.41 g/cm 3 ), and gold (ρ =
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 4.3 GRAT
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CD. Gratings with varied line spaci
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C 011 = - 1 r C 020 = S 2 C 022 = -
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C. DISPERSION PROPERTIES Dispersion
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2. H. A. Rowland, “On Concave Gra
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2 (II) FIXED IN AND OUT DIRECTIONS:
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4 Table 1: Ellipse coefficients Q i
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6 *Table 3: Coefficients C ijk of t
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8 B.3 Calculation of ray aberration
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10 R ⎧ h 2 E0 P P 4 1 2 1 4 = + (
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34. Welford, W. T., Aberrations of
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4 set of zone plate-defining parame
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4 Fig. 4-8. A Fresnel zone plate le
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 4.5 X-RA
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B. GAS PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS Gas pr
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Finally, photographic film is also
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Table 5-1 X-Ray Data Booklet Sectio
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Table 5-1 molar volume, ideal gas a
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Table 5-1. Physical constants(conti
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Table 5-2 7 14.00674 0.808 -210.00
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Table 5-2 1 S 0 14.000 0.248 S 0 5.
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Table 5-2 63 Europium 151.964 5.244
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Table 5-2 89 Actinium (227) — 105
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X-Ray Data Booklet Table 5-2. Prope
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Table 5-2. Properties of the elemen
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X-Ray Data Booklet Section 5.3 ELEC
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Motion of charged particles in a un
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Table 5-3. Radiation weighting fact
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General X-Ray Formulas Wavelength a
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Snell’s law: sin φ ′ = sin φ
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Refractive index of plasma is √ n
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Spatially coherent power available
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Lithography Minimum printable line
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