a study on the performance of limestone roughing filter - ePrints@USM
a study on the performance of limestone roughing filter - ePrints@USM
a study on the performance of limestone roughing filter - ePrints@USM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
DEDICATIONS<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
LIST OF TABLES<br />
LIST OF FIGURES<br />
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION<br />
ABSTRAK<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
page<br />
ii<br />
iii<br />
iv<br />
ix<br />
xi<br />
xx<br />
xxiii<br />
xxv<br />
CHAPER 1 : INTRODUCTION<br />
1.0 The Need for Treating Water and Wastewater 1<br />
1.1 Roughing Filtrati<strong>on</strong> 1<br />
1.2 Research Objective 2<br />
1.3 Thesis Summary 3<br />
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW<br />
2.0 Importance <strong>of</strong> Water Treatment 4<br />
2.1 Brief History <strong>of</strong> Water Treatment 5<br />
2.2 Background <strong>on</strong> Roughing Filtrati<strong>on</strong> 7<br />
2.3 Classificati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Filter 8<br />
2.4 Types <strong>of</strong> Roughing Filter 9<br />
2.5 Filter Materials 10<br />
2.6 Cleaning <strong>of</strong> Roughing Filter 11<br />
2.7 Roughing Filter for Wastewater Reuse 12<br />
2.8 Roughing Filter Theory 13<br />
2.8.1 Flow Rate and Head Loss C<strong>on</strong>trol 13<br />
2.8.2 Removal Mechanisam <strong>of</strong> Roughing Filter 14<br />
2.8.3 Transformati<strong>on</strong> Mechanism in Roughing Filter 19<br />
2.9 Factors Affecting <strong>on</strong> Removal in Roughing Filter 19<br />
iv
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