(Ed) 2006. Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa

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30 ENERGY POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA Year Petrol Diesel Kerosene Jet fuel Fuel oil LPG 1996 10 566 5 759 917 1 601 704 450 1997 10 798 5 875 970 1 777 635 502 1998 10 883 5 959 1 052 1 877 574 523 1999 10 861 5 993 1 054 1 995 561 540 2000 10 396 6 254 857 2 020 555 567 2001 10 340 6 448 786 1 924 555 599 Figure 3.9: Trends in petrol and diesel consumption (upper figure) and other liquid fuel consumption (lower figure), 1988-2001 Source: SAPIA (2001); SANEA (2003) 3.1.5 Final energy consumption by sector The breakdown of final energy consumption by economic sector has been described in some detail in Preliminary energy outlook for South Africa (ERI 2001), a document which sets out the basis for an integrated energy plan (IEP). Another recent publication is the South African Energy Profile (SANEA 2003) compiled for the South African National Energy Association (an affiliate of the World Energy Council), although most of the data is for 2000/1. This data has been used and supplemented by unpublished modelling data from the Energy Research Centre (ERC 2003).
ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SOUTH AFRICAN SCENARIOS 31 3.1.5.1 Industry Industry is the largest user of energy in South Africa in final energy consumption, as can be seen from Figure 3.3. Within the industrial sector, the major sub-sectors are mining, iron and steel, pulp and paper, non-ferrous metals, chemicals and petro-chemicals, food and tobacco, and other (see breakdown in Figure 3.10). Figure 3.10: Final industrial energy consumption by sub-sector (2001 total: 1302 PJ) Mining in particular is a large energy-consuming sector, and is sometimes shown separately from industry (for example, in electricity statistics). The chemical and iron and steel industries are also large sub-sectors. Figure 3.11 gives the same information as Figure 3.10 in a different form, illustrating the energy carriers – coal and electricity – that dominate consumption in the industrial sector. In mining, demand from gold mining is decreasing, but the demand from ‘other mining’ is growing. With only about 75% of energy in the ‘other mining’ sub-sector coming from electricity, the share of that carrier is likely to increase in future. This sub-sector is expected to grow more slowly than gross domestic product (GDP), unlike most other industries which are expected to keep pace with or even exceed the rate of economic growth (ERI 2001). Figure 3.11: Final energy demand in industry by energy carrier (2001 total: 1302 PJ) Source: Based on SANEA (2003); ERC (2003)
Page 1: Energy policies for sustainable dev
Page 4 and 5: Contents Acknowledgements Executive
Page 6 and 7: 6 Energy and economic development 7
Page 8 and 9: 9.2.5 Discounting costs 152 9.2.6 E
Page 10 and 11: Executive summary The purpose of th
Page 12 and 13: ENERGY POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEV
Page 14 and 15: ENERGY POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEV
Page 16 and 17: Abbreviations and acronyms used ADM
Page 19 and 20: Part I ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVEL
Page 21 and 22: ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
Page 23 and 24: ENERGY POLICY 5 Gas consumption pla
Page 25 and 26: ENERGY POLICY 7 2.2.3.1 Accelerated
Page 27 and 28: ENERGY POLICY 9 are privately owned
Page 29 and 30: ENERGY POLICY 11 The 2003 Petroleum
Page 31 and 32: ENERGY POLICY 13 • To ensure that
Page 33 and 34: ENERGY POLICY 15 great a reliance o
Page 35 and 36: ENERGY POLICY 17 under way. Concern
Page 37 and 38: ENERGY POLICY 19 global environment
Page 39 and 40: ENERGY POLICY 21 2.4.4 Cleaner foss
Page 41 and 42: 3 Energy demand Harald Winkler 3.1
Page 47: ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
Page 63 and 64: 4 Energy supply in South Africa And
Page 65 and 66: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 47 Ta
Page 67 and 68: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 49 pr
Page 69 and 70: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 51 Fi
Page 71 and 72: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 53 Fi
Page 73 and 74: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 55 an
Page 75 and 76: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 57 in
Page 77 and 78: ENERGY SUPPLY IN SOUTH AFRICA 59 co
Page 79 and 80: 5 Social issues Gisela Prasad Contr
Page 81 and 82: SOCIAL ISSUES 63 Type of area Popul
Page 83 and 84: SOCIAL ISSUES 65 that the number of
Page 85 and 86: SOCIAL ISSUES 67 Income group Elect
Page 87 and 88: SOCIAL ISSUES 69 5.2.2 Subsidies Si
Page 89 and 90: SOCIAL ISSUES 71 Energia News Octob
Page 91 and 92: SOCIAL ISSUES 73 Community organisa
Page 93 and 94: SOCIAL ISSUES 75 Sasol and a high l
Page 95 and 96: 6 Energy and economic development J
Page 97 and 98: ENERGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 79
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ENERGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 81
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 89 The A
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 91 trail
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 93 preci
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 95 the u
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 97 known
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 99 7.3.1
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 101 GHG
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ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 103 ther
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IDENTIFYING AND MODELLING POLICY OP
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9 Modelling framework and drivers M
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MODELLING FRAMEWORK AND DRIVERS 149
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MODELLING FRAMEWORK AND DRIVERS 151
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10 Results of scenario modelling Th
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 155 T
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 157 F
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 159 d
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 161 i
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 167 T
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 169 c
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RESULTS OF SCENARIO MODELLING 171 A
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11 Energy indicators of sustainable
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ENERGY INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DE
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12 Conclusions Harald Winkler T his
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CONCLUSIONS 189 costs (Spalding-Fec
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Appendix Environment CO 2 emissions
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ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
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ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
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SOUTH AFRICAN ENERGY POLICIES FOR S
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(Ed) 2006. Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa

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