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t Hooft mechanism of confinement or dual Meissner effect

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Hence<br />

∫ { ∫<br />

Z = Dw exp −<br />

d 3 x<br />

[<br />

( )]}<br />

1<br />

4π<br />

2 (∂ iw) 2 − 2ζ cos<br />

g w .<br />

( ) 4π<br />

−2ζ cos<br />

g w<br />

≃ −2ζ + 1 2 µ2 w 2 ,<br />

µ 2 = 2ζ<br />

( 4π<br />

g<br />

) 2<br />

Debye mass!<br />

The plasma partition function is mathematically equivalent to the ‘Sine-G<strong>or</strong>don’ field<br />

the<strong>or</strong>y. The field w has the meaning <strong>of</strong> the <strong>dual</strong> potential: it gets a nonzero mass owing<br />

to the Debye screening in the monopole plasma.<br />

Z = exp<br />

⎧<br />

⎪⎨<br />

⎪⎩ 2ζV + 1<br />

12π<br />

[<br />

2ζ<br />

( 4π<br />

g<br />

⎫<br />

)<br />

]3<br />

2 2 ⎪⎬<br />

V + . . .<br />

⎪⎭<br />

Confinement in the 3d Ge<strong>or</strong>gi–Glashow model D. Diakonov, L-12

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