t Hooft mechanism of confinement or dual Meissner effect
t Hooft mechanism of confinement or dual Meissner effect
t Hooft mechanism of confinement or dual Meissner effect
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x = rm W , κ = λ e .<br />
E<br />
= Lv 2 ∫<br />
d 2 x<br />
[<br />
B<br />
′2<br />
2 + ∣ ∣(∂ i − ieA ′ i )φ′∣ ∣ 2 + κ 2 (φ ′ 2 − 1) 2 ]<br />
,<br />
v<strong>or</strong>tex transverse size ρ 0 ∼ 1 √ κ<br />
.<br />
String tension = σ = energy / length <strong>of</strong> the tube = v 2 [ O(1) + O<br />
(<br />
mH<br />
m W<br />
)].<br />
Londons’ limit: m H → ∞ =⇒ infinite-energy v<strong>or</strong>tex<br />
Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfeld limit: m H → 0.<br />
type-I superconduct<strong>or</strong>: (m H > m W ): no v<strong>or</strong>tices<br />
type-II superconduct<strong>or</strong>: (m H < m W ): yes<br />
One needs an analog <strong>of</strong> type II superconduct<strong>or</strong> with magnetic monopoles condensed.<br />
Confinement in the 3d Ge<strong>or</strong>gi–Glashow model D. Diakonov, L-12
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