the research and innovation system in egypt - ARTI Puglia

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1.5. Main Industries The main industries in Egypt are tourism, Iron and steel, cement, engineering industries, petrochemicals, chemical industries (especially fertilizers and pharmaceuticals), plastic products, military production, textiles, ICT and food industries. The ICT, Information and Communication Technology, represents one of the newly emerging sectors in the Egyptian industry. Egyptian Industry will be studied in a separate section. 1.6. Mineral and Energy Sources Fig. 2 Oil Production and Consumption Egypt’s mineral and energy resources include petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, gold and iron ore. Crude oil is found primarily in the Gulf of Suez and in the Western Desert. Natural gas is found mainly in the Nile Delta, off the Mediterranean Sea shore, and in the Western Desert. Oil and gas accounted for approximately 14,8 % of GDP in the year 2006. Crude oil production has been in decline for several years since its peak level in 1993, from 941.000 bbl/d 1 (149.600 m³/d) in 1993 to 873.000 bbl/d (138.800 m³/d) in 1997 and to 696.000 bbl/d (110.700 m³/d) in 2005. (See Figure). At the same time, the domestic consumption of oil increased steadily (531.000 bbl/d and 616.000 bbl/d (97.900 m³/d) in 1997 and 2005 respectively. The Government of Egypt has been encouraging the exploration, production and domestic consumption of natural gas. Natural gas output continues to increase and reached 65,7 billion cubic meters in 2008. The main natural gas producer in Egypt is the International Egyptian Oilfield Company (IEOC), a branch of Italian ENI-AGIP. Egypt’s excess of natural gas will more than meet its domestic demand for many years to come. The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources has established expanding the Egyptian petrochemical industry and increasing exports of natural gas as its most significant strategic objectives. Egypt and Jordan agreed to construct the Arab 1. billions of barrels per day 16 the research and innovation system in Egypt
Gas Pipeline from Al Arish to Aqaba to export natural gas to Jordan; with its completion in July 2003, Egypt began to export 1,1 billion cubic feet (31.000.000 m³) of gas per year. Total investment in this project is about $220 million. In 2003, Egypt, Jordan and Syria reached an agreement to extend this pipeline to Syria, which possibly could mean a future connection with Turkey, Lebanon and Cyprus. Gold mining is more recently a fast growing industry with vast untapped gold reserves in the Eastern Desert. There is already a gold rush and gold production facilities are now reality from the Sukari Hills, located close to Marsa Alam in the Eastern Desert With respect to nuclear energy, Egypt’s President Mubarak on October 29, 2007, gave the go ahead for building several nuclear power plants. Egypt’s nuclear route is purely peaceful and fully transparent and hopefully should not face technical and financing obstacles in the future. Egypt is a member of the IAEA and has both signed and ratified the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). Currently, a draft Law on Nuclear Energy is being reviewed by the IAEA and expected to be passed by the Egyptian Parliament in 2008. Many other countries in the region, including Libya, Jordan, Morroco, and Yemen aspire to build nuclear power plants. 1.7. External Trade Egypt’s main exports consist of natural gas, and non-petroleum products such as readymade clothes, cotton textiles, medical and petrochemical products, citrus fruits, rice and dried onion, and more recently cement, steel, and ceramics. Exports value rose to $24,22 billion f.o.b in 2006. Egypt’s main imports consist of pharmaceuticals and nonpetroleum products such as wheat, maize, cars and cars’spare parts. Export partners were Italy 12,2%, US 11,4%, Spain 8,6%, UK 5,6%, France 5,4%, Syria 5,2%, Saudi Arabia 4,4%, Germany 4,2%. Egypt’s Balance of Payments made a surplus of US$ 4478 million in FY 2 2005 compared to a deficit of US$ 158 million in FY2004. Egypt’s trade balance in goods and services was US$ (-3,87) billion in FY2006 (UN Data). In the Arab world, Egypt has the largest non-oil GDP as of 2005. The gross external debt of Egypt, including the total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services is estimated at US$ 29.898 million at the end of FY 2007. One major Egyptian success grew out of a provision in U.S. trade law designed to promote Arab-Israeli reconciliation. In 2004, the U.S. approved plans for Egypt to export to the USA products made in special export zones. So long as the goods derived at least 11,7% of their value from Israeli inputs, they could enter the USA duty-free. Annual sales and workforce of related companies nearly doubled. 1.8. Public Finances On the revenues side, total revenues of the government were EGP 78,32 billion (€ 14,17 billion) in FY2002 and are projected to reach EGP 184,7 billion (€ 22,9 billion) in FY2008. Much of the increase came from a rise in tax revenues, particularly personal income and corporate taxes 2 Fiscal year 17 1. Egyptian economy
Page 1 and 2: October 2008 UNIONE EUROPEA Regione
Page 3 and 4: ARTI International Booklets ARTI, R
Page 5: THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SYSTEM
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Page 15: Practically all Egyptian agricultur
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Page 23 and 24: with a low labor cost help to attra
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Page 45 and 46: Fig.4 Structure of Egypt’s Innova
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Number and qualification of the emp
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Contact Person Prof. Ahmed Bahieldi
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Interview Place and Date Giza, Egyp
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Business model of the offered servi
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Future research areas and topics
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Business model of the offered servi
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General Description and Comments Th
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Associated institutes / bodies and
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Software Engineering • Software D
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• Machine Intelligence • Machin
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Contact Person Prof. Aly Fahmy Dean
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Associated institutes / bodies and
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Center for Wireless Studies (CWS),
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Contact Person Professor Magdi Fikr
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Main areas of activity Information
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• Projects with industry through
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General Description and Comments Th
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• Embedded antennas • Wearable
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Egypt - Middle East - Africa Main a
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Year of establishment Since 1963 as
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Main areas of activity • Producti
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Participation to international prog
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Research group “Materials for Ren
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Professor Dr. Esmat Abd El-Ghaffar
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Quality certifications obtained •
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• Effect of elevated temperature
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