the research and innovation system in egypt - ARTI Puglia

initial contribution of € 250M from the EU supported by an Egyptian contribution. The
objective is to prepare the Egyptian Industry for the globalization era.
5.4. The Governance System of R&D and Innovation in Egypt
The governance system for research in Egypt at present is made up of four levels:
• The funding program
• The Institute to which the research group belongs
• The ministry to which the institute belongs
• The supreme council of research centers.
Usually there is no unified interplay between the four levels which applies to all research
projects. The governance of the funding program, which is usually based on various
performance indicators. The role of the supreme council is to bring together representatives
of different ministries to discuss research plans. The degree of governance exercised by the
institute and the ministry concerns the benefits gained from the reseach project.
5.5. The Performance Indicators
Previously research projects were judged by reviewers studing progress reports. Recently,
the importance of performance indicators was recognized the following performance
indicators are slowly being adopted:
• Graduates of research oriented post-graduate programs having higher starting salaries,
more job offers, and shorter waits for first employment
• Number and impact of academia-industry collaborations
• Number and amount of external funding (such as from industry) and awards
• Number of projects in progress
• Number of Publications in Journals with Impact Factor
• Annual Number of patents.
5.6. National Policy of Science and Innovation
Egypt has an innovation policy implemented via measures to stimulate investment,
venture capital, business incubators, industrial modernisation, better education, SME
(small and medium enterprises) development and entrepreneurship. Until recently there
was no formal coordinating body. The delivery of innovation policy was carried out via
the programs of the relevant ministries often implemented with assistance from donor
organisations. Important point of reference were the SFD (Social Fund for Development)
which finances business centres and incubators, the IMP or Industrial Modernisation
Programme and GAFI (the General Authority For Investment).
Recognizing the importance of improving science, technology and innovation to Egypt’s
competitiveness and development, Egypt is presently attempting to invigorate science
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the research and innovation system in Egypt