study of solar water heaters based on exergy analysis - YMCA ...
study of solar water heaters based on exergy analysis - YMCA ...
study of solar water heaters based on exergy analysis - YMCA ...
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Proceedings <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the Nati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong><br />
Trends and Advances in Mechanical Engineering,<br />
<strong>YMCA</strong> University <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Science & Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, Oct 19-20, 2012<br />
Solar <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> heater technology is a method <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> energy utilizati<strong>on</strong>. It has been well developed and can be easily<br />
implemented at a low cost. But, the use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> heating system not familiar in India and the people in India<br />
still not realize about the practical <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> using <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> heating systems.<br />
Earlier studies <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>heaters</str<strong>on</strong>g> were <str<strong>on</strong>g>based</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> the First law <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Thermodynamics which tells us that energy is a<br />
c<strong>on</strong>served quantity; “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, <strong>on</strong>ly transformed from <strong>on</strong>e form to another”.<br />
Perhaps then we should stop worrying about “energy saving” and “energy c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong>” and instead focus <strong>on</strong><br />
recycling all this energy which will always be here Unfortunately, Thermodynamics has a Sec<strong>on</strong>d law which states<br />
that processes occur in a certain directi<strong>on</strong>, and that energy has quality as well as quantity. So, it is necessary to<br />
evaluate <str<strong>on</strong>g>solar</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>heaters</str<strong>on</strong>g> from the point <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> view <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the Sec<strong>on</strong>d law <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> thermodynamics because, as we know, it is<br />
the quality <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> energy that is important not the quantity <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> energy.<br />
3. Solar Water Heating System<br />
SWH systems are generally very simple using <strong>on</strong>ly sunlight to heat <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g>. A working fluid is brought into c<strong>on</strong>tact<br />
with a dark surface exposed to sunlight which causes the temperature <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the fluid to rise. This fluid may be the <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
being heated directly, also called a direct system, or it may be a heat transfer fluid such as a glycol/<str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> mixture<br />
that is passed through some form <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> heat exchanger called an indirect system. These systems can be classified into<br />
three main categories:<br />
(a) Active systems<br />
(b) Passive systems<br />
(c) Batch systems<br />
3.1 Active Systems<br />
Active systems use electric pumps, valves, and c<strong>on</strong>trollers to circulate <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> or other heat-transfer fluids through the<br />
collectors. So, the Active systems are also called forced circulati<strong>on</strong> systems and can be direct or indirect. The active<br />
system is further divided into two categories:<br />
(a) Open-loop (Direct) Active System<br />
(b) Closed-loop (Indirect) Active System<br />
3.1.1 Open-Loop Active Systems<br />
Open-loop active systems use pumps to circulate <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> through the collectors. This design is efficient and lowers<br />
operating costs but is not appropriate if the <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> is hard or acidic because scale and corrosi<strong>on</strong> quickly disable the<br />
system. These open-loop systems are popular in n<strong>on</strong>freezing climates.<br />
Fig1. Open-Loop Active Systems<br />
3.1.2 Closed-Loop Active Systems<br />
These systems pump heat-transfer fluids (usually a glycol-<str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> antifreeze mixture) through collectors. Heat<br />
exchangers transfer the heat from the fluid to the household <str<strong>on</strong>g>water</str<strong>on</strong>g> stored in the tanks. Closed-loop glycol systems<br />
are popular in areas subject to extended freezing temperatures because they <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fer good freeze protecti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
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