Motorways of the Sea case studies and EU policy - Sutranet
Motorways of the Sea case studies and EU policy - Sutranet
Motorways of the Sea case studies and EU policy - Sutranet
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<strong>Motorways</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong><br />
Case Studies<br />
SUTRANET Workshop<br />
Edinburgh, 5 th June 2006<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Alfred Baird<br />
Head, Maritime Research Group<br />
Overview<br />
i<strong>EU</strong> Policy<br />
iEconomics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seaway<br />
iMoS Case Studies<br />
iConclusions
<strong>EU</strong> <strong>Motorways</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> Policy<br />
(Art. 12a TEN-T rev. 29/4/04)<br />
• ‘<strong>Motorways</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong>’ becomes TEN-T Priority Project No. 21<br />
• ‘Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong>’ definition:<br />
– “…high quality logistics services based on short sea shipping<br />
transport which could be compared, because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> quality<br />
features, to road motorways…”<br />
• Four <strong>Motorways</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> proposed:<br />
– Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Baltic <strong>Sea</strong><br />
– Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>of</strong> western Europe<br />
– Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>of</strong> south-east Europe<br />
– Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>of</strong> south-west Europe<br />
• Member states to bring forward MoS schemes<br />
<strong>EU</strong> <strong>Motorways</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> Policy<br />
(Art. 12a TEN-T rev. 29/4/04)
Why should ‘<strong>the</strong> market’ provide<br />
seaways to compete against state<br />
funded roadways <strong>and</strong> railways<br />
What is <strong>the</strong> seaway-equivalent<br />
infrastructure <strong>of</strong> roadway/<br />
railway<br />
Nodes<br />
Roadway Railway <br />
<strong>Sea</strong>way<br />
Nodes are not transport ‘ways’
The sea is not a natural or free highway<br />
So, what IS <strong>the</strong> seaway<br />
The seaway-equivalent infrastructure <strong>of</strong><br />
roadway <strong>and</strong> railway is <strong>the</strong> deck <strong>of</strong> a ship
DFDS LISCO<br />
Klaipeda<br />
Kiel<br />
DFDS LISCO<br />
Route<br />
Kiel-Klaipeda<br />
Date started Late 1990’s<br />
Distance / Time 390 nm (723 km) / 21 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
2 (23 knots / 43 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 328 pax / 100 cars / 2300lm (150 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 6/week: Dep Day 1 1900 – Arr Day 2 1700<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 54,047 pax / 8,500 cars / 60,000 trailers<br />
Advantages Avoid German tolls, congestion, poor roads<br />
in east <strong>and</strong> border delays
GRIMALDI<br />
Barcelona<br />
Civitavecchia<br />
(Rome)<br />
GRIMALDI<br />
Route<br />
Civitavecchia(Roma)-Barcelona<br />
Date started 2004<br />
Distance / Time<br />
Ships<br />
Ship capacity<br />
Frequency / Dep-<br />
Arr<br />
Annual Volume<br />
Advantages<br />
439 nm (814 km) / 19 hrs<br />
2 (27 knots / 50 km/hr)<br />
1,000 pax / 200 cars / 1,900 lm (120 trailers)<br />
Daily: Dep Day 1 1900 – Arr Day 2 1400<br />
130,000 pax / 20,000 cars / 29,000 trailers<br />
Avoid Italian/French road tolls, congestion,<br />
longer road trip (freight rate for 16m unit by<br />
sea is approx €600;<br />
by road, fuel cost is €350 + road tolls <strong>of</strong> €200<br />
= €550)
GRIMALDI/LD Lines<br />
Toulon<br />
Civitavecchia<br />
(Rome)<br />
GRIMALDI/LD Lines<br />
Route<br />
Civitavecchia(Roma)-Toulon<br />
Date started 2005<br />
Distance / Time 275 nm (510 km) / 14.5 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
1 (23 knots / 43 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 370 beds / 160 cars / 2,230 lm (150 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 3/week: Dep Day 1 2100 – Arr Day 2 1200<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 21,000 pax / 3,600 cars / 6,200 trailers<br />
Advantages Avoid Italian/French road tolls, congestion,<br />
longer road trip (freight rate for 16m unit by<br />
sea is approx €420;<br />
by road, fuel cost is €240 + road tolls <strong>of</strong><br />
€167 = €407)
GRANDI NAVI VELOCE<br />
Barcelona<br />
Genoa<br />
GRANDI NAVI VELOCE<br />
Route<br />
Genoa-Barcelona<br />
Date started 1998<br />
Distance / Time 350 nm (650 km) / 18 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
2 (23 knots / 43 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 2,100 beds / 200 cars / 1,844 lm (120<br />
Frequency / Deptrailers)<br />
Daily: Dep Day 1 1800 – Arr Day 2 1200<br />
Arr<br />
Annual Volume 90,500 pax / 92,000 cars / 40,000 trailers<br />
Advantages<br />
(est)<br />
Avoid Italian/French road tolls, congestion,<br />
longer road trip (freight rate for 16m unit by<br />
sea is approx €550;<br />
by road, fuel cost is €300 + road tolls <strong>of</strong><br />
€185 = €485)
TTT LINES<br />
Naples<br />
Catania<br />
TTT LINES<br />
Route<br />
Naples-Catania<br />
Date started 2002<br />
Distance / Time 223 nm (413 km) / 10 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
2 (23 knots / 43 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 400 beds / 160 cars / 2,050 lm (140 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 2 per day: Dep 0100/1300 – Arr 1100/2300<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 100,000 pax / 140,000 cars / 50,000 trailers<br />
Advantages<br />
(est)<br />
Avoid Italian road tolls <strong>and</strong> Messina Strait<br />
crossing
NORSE MERCHANT<br />
Belfast<br />
Birkenhead<br />
NORSE MERCHANT<br />
Route<br />
Belfast-Birkenhead<br />
Date started 1998<br />
Distance / Time 121 nm (225 km) / 8 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
2 (23 knots / 43 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 500 beds / 170 cars / 2,275 lm (155 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 2 per day: Dep 2230/1030 – Arr 0630/1830<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 100,000 pax / 70,000 cars / 143,000 trailers<br />
Advantages<br />
(est)<br />
Avoids longer road trip via Loch Ryan <strong>and</strong><br />
M6
SUPERFAST<br />
FERRIES<br />
Ancona<br />
Igoumenitsa<br />
Patras<br />
SUPERFAST FERRIES<br />
Route<br />
Patras-Igoumenitsa-Ancona<br />
Date started 1995<br />
Distance / Time 504 nm (934 km) / 20 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
2 (29 knots / 54 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 842 beds / 170 cars / 1,926 lm (130 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 2 per day: Dep 1900/2100 – Arr 1500/1700<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 508,000 pax / 100,000 cars / 90,000 trailers<br />
Advantages Avoids longer road trip via former countries<br />
<strong>of</strong> Yugoslavia
SUPERFAST<br />
FERRIES<br />
Rosyth<br />
Zeebrugge<br />
SUPERFAST FERRIES<br />
Route<br />
Rosyth-Zeebrugge<br />
Date started 2002<br />
Distance / Time 390 nm (723 km) / 17.5 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
1 (29 knots / 54 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 718 beds / 170 cars / 1,915 lm (130 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- 3/week: Dep 1730 – Arr 1100<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 184,000 pax / 45,000 cars / 39,000 trailers<br />
Advantages Avoids longer road trip via sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Engl<strong>and</strong> ports<br />
(but UK roads free to foreign hauliers)
UN RORO<br />
Trieste<br />
Istanbul<br />
Izmir<br />
UN RORO<br />
Route<br />
Istanbul-Izmir-Trieste<br />
Date started 1993<br />
Distance / Time 1,160 nm (2,150 km) / 54 hrs<br />
Ships<br />
7 (22 knots / 41 km/hr)<br />
Ship capacity 3,726 lm (255 trailers)<br />
Frequency / Dep- Daily/Twice daily on peak days<br />
Annual<br />
Arr<br />
Volume 112,000 trailers<br />
Advantages Avoids long road trip via former Yugoslavian<br />
countries
Istanbul<br />
Trieste<br />
Wels<br />
initial leg<br />
by road<br />
Driver<br />
Truck<br />
Ro-Ro Operator<br />
Truck<br />
Driver Driver<br />
by by road road<br />
Rolling<br />
Rolling Rail Operator Operator<br />
final leg by road<br />
Bus Bus Operator Operator<br />
Villach<br />
2 days<br />
later<br />
Driver<br />
Airline Operator<br />
Driver<br />
Ljubljana<br />
UN RORO<br />
UN RORO
JAPAN COASTAL HIGHWAY<br />
JAPAN COASTAL HIGHWAY<br />
• 60+ coastal ferries/4 or 5 main operators<br />
• Shortage <strong>of</strong> truck drivers<br />
• State <strong>policy</strong> towards regional port development<br />
• State support for ship finance<br />
• Daily services/2 ships per route<br />
• Fast Ropax solution (23-30 knots)<br />
• Route length 350-500nm/17-21 hours)<br />
• Several ‘3-port’ routes<br />
• Revenue from pax <strong>and</strong> trailers
UK MOTORWAY OF THE SEA<br />
Route<br />
Distance<br />
/ Time<br />
Ships<br />
Ship<br />
capacity<br />
Frequenc<br />
y / Dep-<br />
Arr<br />
Annual<br />
Volume<br />
Rosyth-Teesport-<br />
Tilbury 402 nm (745 km) / 21<br />
hrs<br />
2 (24 knots / 44 km/hr)<br />
2,300 lm (150 trailers)<br />
Daily<br />
1700 dep-1400 arr or<br />
2100 dep-1800 arr or<br />
1400<br />
40,000-60,000<br />
dep-1100<br />
trailers<br />
arr<br />
Rosyth<br />
Tilbury<br />
UK MOTORWAY OF THE SEA<br />
Route<br />
Distance<br />
/ Time<br />
Ships<br />
Ship<br />
capacity<br />
Frequenc<br />
y / Dep-<br />
Arr Annual<br />
Volume<br />
Rosyth-Teesport-<br />
Tilbury 411 nm (762 km) / 20<br />
hrs<br />
2 (29 knots / 54 km/hr)<br />
Or rolling schedule with<br />
2 x 24-knot ships/6 per<br />
week<br />
2,300 lm (150 trailers)<br />
Daily<br />
50,000-75,000 trailers<br />
Rosyth<br />
Teesport<br />
Tilbury
UK MOTORWAY OF THE SEA<br />
Route<br />
Distance<br />
/ Time<br />
Ships<br />
Ship<br />
capacity<br />
Frequenc<br />
y / Dep-<br />
Arr<br />
Annual<br />
Volume<br />
Clyde-Mersey<br />
201 nm (373 km) / 10<br />
hrs<br />
2 (24 knots / 44 km/hr)<br />
2,300 lm (150 trailers)<br />
Twice Daily<br />
2100 dep – 0700 arr<br />
0900 dep – 1900 arr<br />
70,000-100,000 trailers<br />
Clyde<br />
Mersey<br />
MoS JOINT VENTURE COMPANY<br />
Road hauliers<br />
Ship-Managers<br />
Ports<br />
(Government<br />
Traffic flows<br />
Vessels/charter<br />
Terminals<br />
Modal shift grants)<br />
Joint Venture Company
SUMMARY<br />
• SSS is <strong>the</strong> ONLY mode that <strong>of</strong>fers a realistic prospect <strong>of</strong><br />
significant modal shift from road (EC DGTREN)<br />
• The seaway is not a ‘natural highway’, or free<br />
• <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Motorways</strong> start due to road access constraints<br />
• Roadway <strong>and</strong> railway subsidies distort <strong>the</strong> market<br />
• <strong>Sea</strong>way-equivalent infrastructure <strong>of</strong> road/rail is ship’s deck<br />
• Key MoS requirements:<br />
– RoRo/RoPax<br />
– Daily or twice daily frequency<br />
– Ship capacity <strong>of</strong> 150 trailers plus<br />
– 24+ knots speed<br />
• Implementation (key actors - hauliers; ports; shipowner;<br />
ship managers; government; users)<br />
Workshop Question 1<br />
Technical, operational <strong>and</strong> organisational<br />
requirements for an effective UK Motorway <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong><br />
Workshop Question 2<br />
Implementation <strong>and</strong> funding requirements for<br />
a UK Motorway <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Sea</strong>
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