AP1, Lab 8

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DO YOU KNOW……? Which cranial nerve is the largest? _______________________________ Which cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements? ______________ What does "abducens" refer to? _________________________________ Which cranial nerves carry gustatory (taste) information? ______________ Which cranial nerve is the longest? _______________________________ Which nerve or nerves are involved in: Rotating the head? _________________________________________ Smelling a flower? _________________________________________ Raising the eyelids, pupillary constriction? ________________________ Slowing the heart rate? _____________________________________ Increasing motility of the digestive tract? _______________________ Bell’s Palsy? ______________________________________________ Chewing food? ____________________________________________ Listening to music? _________________________________________ Seasickness? _____________________________________________ Secretion of saliva? ________________________________________ Sensation of taste? ________________________________________ Rolling the eyes? (3 nerves)__________________________________ Feeling a toothache? _______________________________________ Reading a newspaper? ______________________________________ Purely sensory in function? __________________________________ Revised 5-3-2012 6
HOW THE BODY BLOCKS PAIN 1. The Gate Control Theory: � Pain impulses are BLOCKED at the dorsal horns of the spinal cord and/or in the hypothalamus and/or midbrain by the release of natural opiates called ENDORPHINS and ENKEPHALINS. These (and possibly SEROTONIN) create IPSPs to cancel out EPSPs. � Fewer messages get through. The gate is partially “closed.” 2. Pain messages aren’t really blocked at all but rather are “smothered” by pleasurable ones in the brain. � ENDORPHINS and ENKEPHALINS released in the brain inhibit the inhibition of the release of DOPAMINE. � DOPAMINE, a “feel-good” NT, floods the frontal lobes of the brain and smothers the unpleasant sensations with pleasant ones. 3. In reality there is probably truth in both theories. HOW MEDICATIONS BLOCK PAIN: � ASPIRIN and IBUPROFEN inhibit prostaglandin activity thereby reducing inflammation and pain. � ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol) blocks pain but not inflammation by inhibiting activation of the COX enzyme. � NSAIDS are anti-inflammatory in a variety of ways; often as COX2 inhibitors � NARCOTICS such as morphine, Demerol, and heroin reduce pain by mimicking the effects of endorphins and enkephalins. Revised 5-3-2012 7
Page 1 and 2: AP1, Lab 8 - Central Nervous System
Page 3 and 4: 12 pairs of cranial nerves are asso
Page 5: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII): Sen
Page 9 and 10: Dissection of Cow Brain with Dura M

AP1, Lab 8

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