Girma-Eshete-Jenbere-thesis - Ethiopian Wolf Conservation ...

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3.2. Methods 3.2.1. Interview Before formal household interview a preliminary survey aided with check list was conducted to gather background information about the ecosystem, the natural resources within the ecosystem and to have an understanding of the relationship between the ecosystem, wildlife, humans and domestic livestock and it also provide opportunity to contact with key informants present in the study area. Key informants were nominated from the four PAs surrounding Mt. Abune Yoseph. They were WEPLAUO experts, development agents, community leaders, elders and Para- Ecolologists from FZS and ordinary farmers who had lived in the area for long time and had historic background of the area. Then informal survey together with the key informants was conducted at the identified PAs. During the survey simple participatory survey techniques (focus group discussion, transect walk, etc.) that encourage dialogue and initiate informal discussions between farmers and researcher was selected as a tool. After we made long discussion with the key informants, based on informal survey results, we select eight villages that were used for household interview from the four PAs. These eight villages are found at the immediate proximity of Mt. Abune Yoseph at different distance and they bounded the mountain in all direction. These villages were Eyebelay and Korit from Wodebye PA, Shegla and Ybaro from Telfetit PA, Latgie and AbuneYoseph from AbuneYoseph PA, Kassegne and Enjafat from Enjafat PA. Finally using the checklist recorded at the preliminary study and the result of informal survey workable questionnaire for formal interview was developed and pre-tested by selecting two farmers from each village to check its accuracy and efficiency in eliciting the required data. 29
Based on results of the pre-test, after some questions were revised and modified, it was administered to a sample of 120 households (6% of the total user households) selected randomly from the total 2014 households found in the eight villages of the four PAs who frequently visited the Afro-alpine area, either to herd their livestock, collect grass and firewood, or en route to local markets. The aim of the household interview was to generate and verify qualitative and quantitative data about the socio-economic potential of Mt. Abune Yoseph, and to assess the perception of the household heads towards the Afro-alpine ecosystem and its wildlife particularly <strong>Ethiopian</strong> wolf moreover, to evaluate human- wolf conflict in the study area. 3.2.2. Population demography To get indicator data about human-livestock pressure or interferences on Afro-alpine ecosystem different years Government statistics (secondary data) on human and livestock population were collected from Afro-alpine ecosystems surrounding woredas of North Wollo. 3.2.3. Ecological survey To study the presence/absence and abundance of wolf in the ecosystem, standard EWCP questionnaires, interviews, and sighting report were employed (Fanshawe et al., 1997; Sillero- Zubri et al., 2004). Presence /absence and distribution of rodents in relation to vegetation parameters and environmental factors were recorded along Habitat Assessment Transect (HAT) laid 1 km apart with the help of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) gridlines on a map of 1:50,000 scale that include the study area (EMA, Lalibela, 1999) and Global Positioning System (GPS) (Burnham et al., 1979; Buckland et al., 1993 and Ashenafi et al., 2005). Measurements 30
Page 1 and 2: Mekelle University CDANR College of
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Mt. Abune Yoseph has high
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents page ABSTRACT ...
Page 9 and 10: 4.4. HUMAN-LIVESTOCK INTERFERENCE T
Page 11 and 12: Table 20: HHs response on wolf obse
Page 13 and 14: xiii
Page 15 and 16: subjected to greater land use press
Page 17 and 18: 1.4. Objectives 1.4.1. General Obje
Page 19 and 20: ought a change in the climate, and
Page 21 and 22: The present community of high altit
Page 23 and 24: In addition, Afro-alpine ecosystem
Page 25 and 26: The continued decline of the Ethiop
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2: Ethiopian wolf sighting o
Page 29 and 30: The Afro-alpine habitats in North W
Page 31 and 32: In Afro-alpine ecosystems the life
Page 33 and 34: In Northern highlands the livestock
Page 35 and 36: takes place in the dry season and a
Page 37 and 38: In Ethiopia the history of resource
Page 39 and 40: Lasta Woreda Figure 4: Location of
Page 41: soil differ from place to place bas
Page 45 and 46: Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
Page 47 and 48: Communities living closer to Mt. Ab
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5:.Land ownership status and
Page 51 and 52: Even though the pattern of resource
Page 53 and 54: Table 10: Factors determining the p
Page 55 and 56: management (Table 10). This means t
Page 57 and 58: Table 11: Factors determining the p
Page 59 and 60: indicated in Table 8 than the study
Page 61 and 62: Table 15: Livestock population grow
Page 63 and 64: Fire wood collection was another ty
Page 65 and 66: The conflict between wildlife and l
Page 67 and 68: Sheep predators Figure 8: HHs respo
Page 69 and 70: Table 20: HHs response on wolf obse
Page 71 and 72: time on wolf number enabled the HHs
Page 73 and 74: Table 23: Bivariate fit analysis of
Page 75 and 76: in 2.2.2; this difference could be
Page 77 and 78: Table 27: Analysis of wolf sighting
Page 79 and 80: Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommend
Page 81 and 82: Since the attitude and action of hu
Page 83 and 84: References Alcorn, J.B, 1997. Indig
Page 85 and 86: Kingdon, J., 1990. Island Africa. C
Page 87 and 88: Sillero-Zubiri, C., A. A. King and
Page 89 and 90: During wet season for ___________ m
Page 91 and 92: No Wild animal Type of crop damaged
Page 93 and 94:
2: Contingency tables Table 1: Chi-
Page 95 and 96:
Table 5: Chi-square test of HHs bas
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