Barn Safety - Manitoba Pork Council

Manitoba Pork Council
28 Terracon Place
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada R2J 4G7
Tel: (204) 237-7447
Toll Free: 1-888-893-7447
Fax: (204) 237-9831
www.manitobapork.com
THINK!
About Barn
Safety
2010

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Contents
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………...4
How do I use this manual ………………………………………………………….5
Safety and Health Committees …………………………………………………….5
Safe Work Procedures……………………………………………………………….6
Serious Accidents…………………………………………………………………….7
Language Barriers to Effective Safety and Health Training ……………….…….8
Animal Handling Basics ……………………………………………………………..9
What do I do to avoid Zoonoses ………………………………………………….10
Working Alone & Working in Isolation ……………………………………………..12
Confined Spaces……………………………………………………………………..12
Preventing Needle Stick Injuries …………………………………………………..15
Employer and Employee Obligations………………………………………………17
Personal Protective Equipment …………………………………………………….17
Respiratory Protection ………………………………………………………………18
Hearing Protection …………………………………………………………………..19
Fall Protection ………………………………………………………………………..21
Fire Hazards ………………………………………………………………………….22
Fire Extinguishers ……………………………………………………………………22
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) ………………..25
WHMIS Classifications ………………………………………………………………26
Chemical and Biologicals …………………………………………………………...29
Definitions and General Matters…………………………………………………....30
General Duties………………………………………………………………………..31
Workplace Safety and Health Committees and Representatives…………….…33
General Workplace Requirements……………………………………………….…35

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First Aid…………………………………………………………………………….….37
Personal Protective Equipment………………………………………………….….39
Storage of Materials, Equipment, Machines and Tools……………………….….41
Musculoskeletal Injuries……………………………………………………………..42
Working Alone or in Isolation……………………………………………………….43
Harassment…………………………………………………………………………..44
Violence in the Workplace…………………………………………………………..45
Hearing Conservation and Noise Control………………………………………….47
Entrances, Exits, Stairways and Ladders………………………………………….49
Fall Protection………………………………………………………………………...51
Confined Spaces……………………………………………………………………..53
Machines, Tools and Robots………………………………………………………..55
Welding and Allied Processes………………………………………………………57
Fire and Explosive Hazards…………………………………………………………58
Emergency Washing Facilities……………………………………………………...60
Powered Mobile Equipment…………………………………………………………61
Cranes and Hoists……………………………………………………………………63
Scaffolds and Other Elevated Work Platforms……………………………………65
Demolition Work………………………………………………………………………69
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems…………………………..35
Chemical and Biological Substances………………………………………………71
Electrical Safety………………………………………………………………………72
Health Care Facilities………………………………………………………………..74
Contact Numbers…………………………………………………………………….75
References …………………………………………………….……………………..77

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Introduction
Thousands of Manitobans are employed directly in the production of pork. Workers can
be exposed on a daily basis to safety and health risks that are unique to the hog industry.
Risks include slips and falls, gases and dusts produced in the barn, extreme noise levels,
chemicals and even disease. Working in the agricultural industry in our province is much
more complicated than “doing chores.” This industry, like any other, must ensure that
each workplace, employer and employee is abiding by Manitoba Workplace Safety and
Health Act and Regulation during their day to day activities.
This manual is designed to help Manitoba hog farmers become more aware of the safety
and health risks they may encounter and the legislated requirements that affect pork
production. Only through a greater understanding of both the risks and requirements will
you be able to protect yourself, your co-workers, your employees and your families from
unnecessary pain, distress and even litigation. Sadly, unsafe can result in injury and even
death to employees regardless of their sector.
The Workplace Safety and Health Act implements a number of requirements for
Manitoba employers, including those in the hog industry. These requirements are also
expected of the hog industry. It is imperative that both employers and their employees
ensure that each requirement is not only met, but is always adhered to.

How do I use this manual
Use this manual as a reference to help you identify potential safety and health
hazards in your facilities. Once you have identified the risks unique to your facilities,
you can use the information in the manual to begin addressing and minimizing these
risks. You may want to keep this manual in your barn.
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Use this manual as a reference only. This manual is not intended to replace applicable
acts, regulations and guidelines that govern workplace safety and health in Manitoba.
Safety & Health Committees
Both employers and workers share a legal obligation to ensure safety and health
conditions are met at the workplace. One requirement of Manitoba legislation is the
establishment of a Safety & Health Committee in each workplace. These committees
shall consist of members made up of both labor and management representatives. Those
who sit on the committee should share a concern for the safety and health of all working
at the job site.
Objectives of a Safety & Health Committee
Assist workers and the employer to identify, record, examine, evaluate and resolve safety
and health concerns in the workplace, develop practical procedures and conditions to help
achieve the highest possible degree of safety and health in the workplace; and promote
education and training programs to develop detailed knowledge of safety and health
concerns and responsibilities in each individual in the workplace.
The number of members on the committee shall be equally represented by those from
both labor and management and meetings shall be held at least quarterly. Meetings are to
be held in a suitable location, and copies of the minutes submitted to the WSH Division.
Minutes can be emailed to comminutes@gov.mb.ca or faxed to 948-2209. The Manitoba
government will help you maintain regular meetings. For additional information on
setting up a committee, committee requirements and procedures at meetings visit:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety

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One specific job that Safety and Health Committees should undertake is the review of
policies and procedures concerning specific work tasks on the job site. This policy and
procedural review will help to ensure that the tasks are laid out in a safe and effective
manner, hazards identified and appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) decided
upon well in advance of a worker needing it.
Safe work procedures
Must be developed and implemented, in consultation with the committee/representative/or
workers. Workers must be trained in the procedures and the employer is to ensure that
workers comply with the procedures.
Information to be provided
Employees must have ready access to the Act; Regulation(s); and Codes of Practices.
Workplace inspections must be conducted on a regular basis and any unsafe conditions
corrected. All workers must be informed of any risk that conditions in the workplace may
pose. Particular attention must be paid to pregnant or nursing workers. Where is it
reasonably practicable an employer must take steps to minimize the exposure, or if alternate
work is available that involves no risk or less risk, assigns the worker temporarily to that
alternative work.

Notice of serious incident to the Division
Notice of serious accident must be immediate and by the fastest means of communication
available. In case of a serious accident please report the accident immediately to the 24 Hour
Emergency Line at Workplace Safety and Health Division 1-204-945-0581
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Serious Incidents
Serious incidents are defined as an incident (a) in which a worker is killed; (b) in which a
worker suffers (i) an injury resulting from electrical contact, (ii) unconsciousness as the result
of a concussion, (iii) a fracture of his or her skull, spine, pelvis, arm, leg, hand or foot, (iv)
amputation of an arm, leg, hand, or foot, finger, or toe, (v) third degree burns, (vi) permanent
or temporary loss of sight, (vii) a cut or laceration that requires medical treatment at a
hospital, (viii) asphyxiated or poisoning, or that involves (i) the collapse or structural failure
of a building, structure, hoist, lift, temporary support system or excavation, (ii) an explosion,
fire or flood, (iii) an uncontrolled spill or escape of a hazardous substance; or (iv) the failure
of an atmosphere-supplying respirator.
Site of serious incident must be preserved until released by the Workplace
and Health Division
Investigation of serious incidents must be undertaken by the co-chairpersons of the
committee or the employer and worker representative or the employer in the presence of a
worker and a written report prepared.
Records required to be made or retained must be maintained for the period prescribed in the
regulation. If there is no prescribed period, retain for five years after the record is made.
Transferring custody of records when an employer ceases to operate the records must be
transferred to the new employer or when there is no new employer, the employer must
preserve the record, notify the director, and deliver the record at the time and to the place
identified by the director.
Miscellaneous
Clean and sanitary workplace must be maintained by the employer. Control of airborne
dust at a construction project site – must be appropriate to control the risk. Protrusions
from concrete or other surfaces, such as nails, pins, cables or other temporary obstructions
must be removed or cut-off at the surface. Snow and ice accumulations at all work areas

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must be kept clear of snow and ice accumulation. Where an overhead accumulation of
snow or ice creates a risk, it must be removed or an overhead barrier designed to withstand
any load that is likely to be imposed on it is installed. Pressure plants and pressure vessels
not subject to The Steam and Pressure Plants Act must be properly constructed, installed,
used, stored, repaired, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s specs. Sign at
construction project site must have the following information must be clearly and
prominently identified on sign located in a conspicuous place at a construction project site:
Name of prime contractor or employer, the location of any first aid service, the name and
telephone number of the person who can be contacted about safety and health matters, and
contact information for the committee and the representative as applicable.
Language Barriers to Effective Safety and Health Training
Manitoba’s pork industry is attracting increasing numbers of workers from abroad.
Language and literacy differences among workers mean that safety education may
have to be tailored to each individual working in the barn. Make sure all workers
understand your safety and health policies.
Safety During Animal Handling
Injuries from animals and animal handling resulted in the second highest number of farmrelated
hospitalizations in Manitoba between 1990 and 1995. More worker injuries occur
during direct pig contact than any other part of hog production. Studies have shown that
back and neck injuries and slips and falls seem to be the most common concern for
animal handling related injuries. Less frequent, but equally important injuries include
bites, kicks, cuts, abrasions and needle sticks.

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Proper animal handling is one of the most important factors in the well being of humans
and animals. Pigs are intelligent and perceptive. Workers attitude is an important factor
for fostering safe work practices when working with pigs. Understanding pig behavior
helps facilitate easy handling. Knowing the facility setup will facilitate easier animal
movement. Knowing your whereabouts relative to the pig will help to allow for safer
animal movement. Floors slippery from water, urine, and manure are hazards for both
pigs and people. Keeping alleyways clear helps facilitate trouble-free, stress-free pig
movement, which in turn helps keep the work place safe.
Animal Handling Basics
• A Pig’s vision is nearly 360°
• The perimeter around pig is called the flight zone.
• If a worker enters a pig’s flight zone the animal will move.

• Direction of pig movement is determined by the handler’s position relative to the point of
balance.
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• The alley should be distraction free to allow animals to move without stopping.
• Pigs tend to move from dark to light (but not too bright) areas.
What does this mean for me
• Know the temperament of the animals you are working with – are they easily stressed
or quiet and calm
• Set up the barn for animal movement before beginning to move the animals – place
gates in proper positions.
• Practice good housekeeping – keep alleys and halls clear of clutter and distraction.
• Keep light consistent – if loading at night, install a light in the trailer. If loading
during times of bright sunlight, block the light from shining in.
• Avoid overuse of muscles and joints when doing repetitive tasks by varying your
activities - this will help prevent repetitive strain injuries.
• Enter each pen daily and always handle animals considerately - pigs that trust people move
more quietly and cooperatively.
• Slappers are appropriate tools for moving pigs only if used to make noise by hitting
the wall, or other surface.
What can I do to avoid zoonoses
Diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans are called “zoonoses.” Although it is
very unlikely, influenza and salmonellosis can be transmitted from pigs to humans, as
can the bacteria causing brucellosis and erysipelas. Equally rare are cases where
parasites from pigs infect humans who work with those animals.

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Diseases may be transmitted through urine, feces, blood and saliva. Handling
of afterbirth, stillborns, abortions and dead pigs can also transmit disease. Diseases can
be introduced to humans through open wounds, through ingestion or inhalation.
• Regularly wear rubber or other impervious gloves and a particulate respirator when
handling dead animals or rodents.
• Wash hands thoroughly with hot, soapy water for a minimum of 20 seconds, and
use an antiseptic soap after working with animals, especially before eating to avoid
ingestion of disease agents.
• Cuts and scrapes should be covered when working with animals - this will prevent disease
agents from entering open wounds.
• Keep facilities clean, dry and properly ventilated, and maintain a veterinarianprescribed
vaccination and de-worming program - this reduces the level of disease
your pigs will carry.
• Maintain a rodent-free barn. Mice can infect humans with Salmonella typhimurium
and Hanta Virus. Always wear a particulate respirator and rubber or impervious
gloves when cleaning up rodents and rodent droppings, even when sweeping.
• Wash and disinfect the area after clean-up. It is recommended that masks have a
HEPA filter with N or P protection for viruses.

Working Alone or in Isolation
If employees work alone or without supervision, policies and procedures should be set to
ensure that they are not injured or forgotten by other co-workers. According to
Workplace Safety and Health “Working alone” means the performance of any work
function by a worker who is the only worker for that employer at that workplace at any
time; and not directly supervised by the employer, or another person designated as a
supervisor by the employer, at any time. “Working in isolation” means working in
circumstances where assistance is not readily available in the event of injury, ill health or
emergency.
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It is important to identify risks of particular job tasks well in advance of employees
having to work alone or in isolation, and then take steps to eliminate or reduce those
risks. Safe work procedures for employees working alone must be developed and
implemented and workers must be trained. The establishment of an effective
communication system may consists of: Radio; phone or cellular phone; or other means
that provides effective communications given risks involved and any of the following:
System of regular contact by employer and worker, limitations or prohibitions of specific
activities, establishment of training requirements.
Where applicable, provision of emergency supplies for use in traveling or working under
extreme cold or other inclement weather conditions.
Confined Spaces
Ontario, August 16, 2000 (Reuters)- Three farm workers, ages 23, 32 and 33, died after
they climbed into an 18,000 liter liquid manure tank. Police believe inhaling methane gas
killed them when they climbed into the nearly empty tank to repair a faulty part. One
man entered the tank to make the repair, but failed to return. A second man went in
to rescue him and the third was then prompted to go in after the other two failed to come
out. The three men were pronounced dead at the scene after the bodies were removed by
firefighters wearing air tanks.

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A confined space means an enclosed or partially enclosed space that except for the
purpose of performing work, is not primarily designed or intended for human occupancy
and has restricted means of access. Some examples of confined spaces found in the hog
industry include:
• Manure pits
• Grain bins
• Water wells
• Manure tanker
• Feed bins
• Lift stations
• Gutter wells
Safe Work Procedures must be developed and implemented. Procedures must include:
• Procedure for recognizing the risks.
• Procedure for isolating, including blanking, disconnecting, interrupting and
locking out, pipes, lines, and sources of energy.
• Safety and personal protective equipment to be used.
• Procedures for communicating with a standby worker.
• An emergency response plan and rescue procedures to be implemented in the
event of an accident or other emergency, and
• Information about the entry permit system.
Hazard signs in all applicable languages should be posted near or at the entrance to all
confined spaces. Signs should state that the confined space is a permit required confined
space.
Hazards of Confined Spaces
Conditions within a confined space may change at any time, therefore any confined space
should be considered to be hazardous and appropriate precautions must be taken to
reduce all potential risks. A confined space is considered to be hazardous when the
oxygen levels are reduced, the atmosphere is toxic, or when an explosive atmosphere
may be present. Never assume that a confined space poses no hazard. Sadly, workers
have died even after being lowered into fresh water wells.
Confined spaces may pose a variety of hazards:
• Oxygen deficiency

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• Fire/Explosion hazards
• Harmful levels of gases, vapors or particles that are immediately dangerous
• Drowning in liquids and/or entrapment in free-flowing solids
Confined spaces must be considered to be immediately dangerous to life and health until
a complete hazard and risk assessment has been complete and appropriate control
measures have been implemented.
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) is defined as
• Any condition or atmosphere which poses an immediate threat to the health or life of
an entrant; could cause irreversible adverse health effects; or could interfere with an
individual’s ability to escape un-aided from a permit space.
Equipment repairs, cleaning, maintenance activities and possible hog manure blockages
may require a TRAINED person to enter a confined space.
ONLY TRAINED PERSONNEL WITH THE PROPER EQUIPMENT,
STAFFING, PERMITS AND DOCUMANTACTION MAY ENTER A CONFINED
SPACE!!
Assessing a Confined Space
• Assess the hazards prior to entry. This includes air sampling or monitoring for
hazards atmospheres.
• Oxygen enrichment or deficiency
• Flammable or explosive atmospheres
• Harmful concentrations of airborne chemicals
• Activities or processes that may cause hazards such as the release of toxic, flammable
or explosive concentrations.
• Risk of entrapment or drowning from free-flowing solid, liquid or a hazardous
substance. Lines should be blanked out or valves looked off.
• Energy source hazards have been looked out
• Proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) from biological hazards must be utilized
Always use an acceptable harness when entering a confined space and always use a
retrieval system when entering a pit. This form of non-entry rescue enables your standby
worker to remove you without having to enter the confined space if an emergency arises.
Prior to working in confined spaces, the following must be ensured:

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1. Training for all employees regarding the hazards of identified confined spaces.
2. Safe Work Procedures implemented for all confined spaces on site.
3. Rescue capabilities ensured.
4. Work permit systems developed and utilized.
5. Lock out / blank out provisions identified and implemented
6. Monitoring capabilities ensured and utilized.
7. Venting / Purging / “Inerting” confined spaces.
8. Personal Protective Equipment implemented.
Documented safe work procedures establish one standard job procedure that is on record
and available for reference and continued use pertaining to that confined space.
Work Permits for Confined Spaces
• The permit system is used to ensure that the existing hazards of a confined space have
been properly assessed and evaluated.
• Work permits also ensure that the necessary preventive and protective measures and
procedures have been taken to ensure the health and safety of workers involved in
confined entry work.
Permits should be dated and have an expiration time attached to them!
If no one at your facility is trained on Confined Space Entry, hire a professional. Your
life depends on it.
Preventing “Needle sticks”
Needle sticks are common and often preventable. A needle stick occurs when an
employees inadvertently injects themselves, or punctures their skin with the same needle
used to inject animals. Medications meant for your pigs can cause localized
inflammation around the injection site, or a more severe reaction if you are allergic.
Some drugs can be absorbed through the skin. Wash well after handling medications.
If there is the slightest chance of a female employee being pregnant, she should not be
working with hormones as these chemicals (excluding oxytocin) can terminate
pregnancy. Pregnant women should take extra special care when handling hormones
used for synchronization and induced farrowing, such as oxytocin and
prostaglandins.

“If injected these chemicals can cause abortion in humans”
Needles, or “sharps”, are common throughout agricultural and health care sectors and
with advancements in technology; needle safe devices are becoming more prevalent.
Needle sticks can occur because of unsafe needles, or because of improper handling or
disposal techniques. Employees should use the utmost care when handling needles or
sharps in their workplace. A few suggestions to prevent needle sticks include:
• Develop procedures dealing with the safe injection of animals.
• Using needles that employ safety features to prevent needle sticks or punctures.
• Ensure the animal is restrained before giving any injection.
• Do not recap used needles while holding the cap in the other hand. Recapping
should not be done unless there is no other feasible option.
• Connect the needle and catheter to a “slapshot,” or a flexible piece of tubing
approximately 45-61 cm (18-24 inches) in length which allows the animal to move
more without pulling our the catheter..
• Used needles or sharps should be disposed of immediately after use in an approved
sharps container.
• Have sharps containers ready at all times when injecting.
• Any needle sticks should be reported to the supervisor and appropriate
documentation, medical follow up and company procedures thoroughly followed.
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In the case of accidental injection:
• Clean the area with water and antiseptic soap.
• Find and read the MSDS and package insert for the product injected.
• If a local reaction such as swelling or itching occurs, rest and elevate the affected
area.
• Seek prompt medical attention. Bring the package insert with you.
• Phone a poison control hotline. In Manitoba, the Poison Control Center phone
number is 1-800-267-1373.
When disposing of sharps, the containers must be:
• Sealable, puncture-resistant, and leak-proof on sides and bottom.
• Accessible, maintained upright, and not allowed to overfill.
• Labeled or color-coded for easy identification.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Although technology has caused great advancements in safety and Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), the equipment itself only works if used correctly by the employee.
Both the employer and employee have responsibilities when it comes to Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to ensure that the equipment performs as designed.
Employer Obligations
Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be:
• Provided at no cost to the worker (except for protective headwear in construction
and protective footwear in all sectors.
• Appropriate to the risks associated with the workplace.
• Stored in a clean and secure location readily accessible to workers.
• Immediately repaired or replaced if defective.
• Immediately replaced when contaminated.

• Employers must ensure the equipment is fit for its purpose, fits the worker
correctly, and the worker is informed and understands the risks.
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Worker Obligations
Workers must:
• Wear or use the personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specifications.
• Take reasonable steps to prevent damage.
• Inform the employer if the equipment becomes defective.
Respiratory Protection
Respiratory protective equipment appropriate to the risks must be provided by the
employer. Equipment must be used and maintained as per the appropriate CSA Standard,
be of proper size and make an effective seal. Equipment must be kept in a clean and
convenient location and not shared by others. Types of respiratory protection include:
Air Purifying Respirator (APR)
This form of respiratory protection allows users to protect themselves from hazardous
atmospheres when the atmosphere contains an acceptable level of oxygen, and the
cartridges worn are appropriate for the chemical encountered. Cartridges should be
replaced after the recommended number of hours of use, as soon as breathing ease is
reduced, or if chemical odours are detected. When possible, use re-sealable plastic bags
or storage containers to keep APR’s and the cartridges from damage.
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
SCBA are the highest form of respiratory protection. When the user is properly trained
and the equipment is well maintained, they will protect the wearer from inhaling toxic
substances as well as maintaining safe breathing air. Although they contain a limited air
supply and add weight to the wearer, the positive pressure ensures that if the mask seal is
broken on the wearer’s face, harmful chemicals will not be accidentally inhaled.

Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
This form of respiratory protection helps to extend working times by connecting the
wearer to an air supply that is not worn on the back of the employee like SCBA.
Supplied air respirators can be used in conditions were dangerous inhalable gases are
present. They are extremely lightweight and connect the wearer to the air tanks via a
hose line. This “umbilical cord” may interfere with travel, but offers a lightweight option
for respiratory protection. SAR systems must be used with an appropriate-sized escape
pack worn on the hip of the wearer. These systems are ideal for use by trained personnel
in confined space entries.
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Hearing Protection
Hearing protection should never be ignored. If workplace noise levels are between 80
dBA and 85dBA, the employer must inform the workers of the noise hazards and provide
hearing protectors that meet the requirements of the current CSA Standard. In addition to
hearing protection, information should be provided pertaining to the selection, use and
care of the hearing protectors.
If noise levels are over 85dBA also implement sound control measures to reduce levels
below 85dBA where practicable. Workers must have hearing protectors that reduce the

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exposure level to below 85dBA and, at the employer’s expense, the worker must be
provided with audiometric tests as follows:
• An initial baseline test as soon as possible but not later than 70 days from initial
exposure,
• A further test at least once every year,
• Only a physician, an audiologist or an industrial audiometric technical may perform
the audiometric testing.
Hearing protection is something that should never be underestimated or underutilized.
Hearing tests help judge the protection offered by employee hearing protection.
Employees should notify their supervisor or employer to access these testing services.
Selection of hearing protection should be done based on current hearing abilities,
comfort, job tasks and the potential dBA to be encountered.
SOURCE OF NOISE
DECIBEL LEVEL (dBA)
Ventilation Fan – Chore time
77 dBA
Swine Barn Nursery
66 – 69 dBA
Hammermill
94 dBA
Swine Barn Gestation
95 – 104 dBA
Chainsaw
115 dBA
Swine in Confinement at Feeding
121 – 133 dBA
12 Gauge Shotgun 135 – 139 dBA

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Fall Protection
Workers can slip and fall in the workplace, often with devastating consequences. Each
Manitoba workplace must undergo a complete risk evaluation which identifies the need
for fall protection. This “Job Hazard Analysis” breaks any jobs with fall hazards into
distinguishable steps. The steps are analyzed to identify hazards and identify preventive
measures.
This process helps to determine where risks exist and then identifies preventive measures
to eliminate falls. Job tasks as simple as shoveling snow off the roof of a hog barn
require a job hazard analysis and fall protection. In Manitoba, fall protection is required
if the potential to fall is:
• A vertical distance of 3 m or more.
• A vertical distance of less than 3 m where there is an increased risk of injury due to
the surface or item on which the worker might land;
• Into operating machinery or moving parts of the machinery;
• Into water or another liquid;
• Into or onto a hazardous substance or object
• Through an opening on a work surface; or
• A vertical distance of more than 1.2 m from an area used as a path for a
wheelbarrow or similar equipment.
Fall Protection in the workplace is much more than simply putting on a harness. Training
on fall protection systems and their proper use, must occur prior to being implemented
into the workplace. System utilized in a workplace must consist of:
• Safe work procedures
• Inspections
• Guardrail systems
• Fall protection systems

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Fire Hazards
Some hog producers know first-hand the cost and devastation that a barn fire can have on
their livelihood. Pigs can seldom be rescued from burning barns, so many hundreds or
thousands of animals can be lost in a single barn fire. The number of hog barn fires may
not be large, but the value of the loss can be tremendous. These large losses have caused
fire insurance rates to increase dramatically, with fewer insurance companies wanting to
be involved.
• Involve your fire department by showing them the layout of the facility, where the
maintenance room is located, and other potential problem areas.
• The heat source and the electrical room need to be kept clean and tidy and may
need a separate exhaust system to remove heat from that area.
• Maintain electrical fixtures, fan motors, etc to reduce the chance of electrical fires.
• Maintain all fire extinguishers and keep any firefighting equipment in good order.
• A yearly inspection of your facilities by your local fire department would identify
areas that are potential fire hazards.
Paying attention to barn maintenance, especially the heat and electrical fixtures, and
working with your local fire department should help reduce the fire hazards in your
facility. Preventive maintenance can eliminate problems before they start.
When storing or disposing of materials that may be contaminated by flammable and
combustible liquids on site, the containers must be:
• Non-combustible
• Have a close-fitting cover
• Labeled “flammable”
• Stored in accordance with the Manitoba Fire Code.

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The Manitoba Fire Code has been adopted as a regulation (163/98) (Manitoba
amendment) under the Fires Prevention Act and is available at:
http://www.firecomm.gov.mb.ca/codes_standards_services_mfc.html
What if a fire starts
• Call 911 or your local fire department. Evacuate the building and close windows
and doors if time permits as you exit.
• All workers should be aware of the location and proper use of fire extinguishers.
Fight the fire only if it remains small, and only after calling the fire department.
• Barns should have A.B.C.-rated extinguishers that are effective against electrical,
petroleum or wood fires. Never use water on electrical fires or petroleum fires.
• The real danger of fire is in the smoke, toxic gases and rapid loss of oxygen.
If fire continues to spread, get out of the building immediately!
Fire extinguishers come in a variety of types and sizes. Proper instruction can improve
effectiveness and reduce property damage. Portable fire extinguishers are designed to
fight small incipient fires, but not all fires are the same. Fires are classified according to
the type of fuel that is burning. If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the
wrong class of fire, you can quickly make matters worse. It is very important to
understand the four different fire classifications.

Class A
Wood, paper, cloth, trash or plastics. Solid combustible materials that are not metals.
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Class B
Flammable liquids, gasoline, oil, grease or acetone. Any non-metal in a liquid state
which is on fire. This classification also includes flammable
gases.
Class C
Electrical, energized equipment. If it is “plugged in,” it would be considered a “Class C”
fire.
Class D
Metals, potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. It takes special extinguishing agents
(metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire.
Prior to choosing a fire extinguisher, look at the label to determine which fires that
extinguisher can be used on. Pictograms like the following will help you choose the right
extinguisher.
When using a fire extinguisher, remember the acronym PASS!
P Pull the pin (or press the lever);
A Aim at the base of the fire;
S Squeeze the handle;
S Sweep from side to side.

25
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
“WHMIS”
WHMIS requirements came into effect on October 31, 1988. This nation-wide system is
meant to provide information about hazardous materials used in Canadian workplaces.
Manitoban workers have a “right to know" about safety and health hazards posed by
materials used in the workplace. WHMIS also provides for the safe storage, handling and
disposal of hazardous materials.
WHMIS requires all suppliers of controlled products label products and prepare MSDS
sheets which must be updated every three years. Buyers of these controlled products
must ensure the products are correctly labeled and that MSDS are available. Lists of
controlled products must be kept on site even after they have been updated with a new
MSDS.
The three components of a successful WHMIS program include:
1. CAUTIONARY LABELS on containers of controlled products
2. MSDS for each controlled product used on site
3. EDUCATION PROGRAM for all workers using controlled products
For more detailed requirements involving cautionary labels, MSDS and Education
Program requirements, see the Acts and Regulations section of the Manitoba
Workplace Safety and Health website at:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety/actreg.html
WHMIS Classifications
WHMIS classifications are more than just symbol recognition. The employer must make
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) available and immediately accessible for each

26
controlled product in the barn’s inventory. All staff must receive training in the MSDS
and understand the need for any specialized equipment identified, including personal
protective equipment (PPE). Employees must also be aware of first aid procedures to
follow in case of accidental exposure.
Class A- Compressed Gas
• It is a gas kept under pressure.
• Heat may cause the container to explode.
• A drop or impact may cause the container to explode.
Precautions:
• Handle with care, do not drop!
• Keep away from heat or potential sources of ignition
• Store in a designated area
Class B- Flammable and Combustible Material
• Fire hazard
• May burn at low temperature
• Sparks, flame or friction could ignite it
• Able to burst into flame spontaneously in air
• May release a flammable gas in contact with water
Precautions:
• Keep the material away from heat sources and other combustible materials
• Never smoke when working with or near the material
• Store in a cool, fire-proof area.
Class C- Oxidizing Material
• This material is a fire or explosion risk near flammable or combustible materials
• May burn skin or eyes on contact
Precautions:
• Keep the material away from combustible materials and sources of ignition
• Store in designated areas
• Never smoke when working near the material

• Wear the proper protective equipment, including eye, face and hand protection
and protective clothing
27
Class D - Poisonous & Infectious Material
(Division 1) Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects
• A potentially fatal, poisonous substance
• May be fatal or cause permanent damage if it is inhaled, swallowed or absorbed
• May burn skin or eyes on contact
Precautions:
• Handle the material with extreme caution
• Avoid contact with the skin or eyes
• Use proper Personal Protective Equipment
• Store in designated areas only
• Avoid inhaling by working in well- ventilated areas and/or wearing respiratory
equipment
• Wash and shower thoroughly after using
Class D - Poisonous & Infectious Material
(Division 2) Other Toxic Effects
• The material is poisonous but not immediately dangerous to health
• May cause death/permanent damage as a result of repeated exposure over time
• May be a skin irritant, sensitizer, carcinogen or cause birth defects
Precautions:
• Avoid skin and eye contact by wearing all Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid inhaling by working in well- ventilated areas and/or using respiratory
equipment
• Store in designated areas
Class D - Poisonous & Infectious Material
(Division 3) Bio-Hazardous Infectious Material

• May cause a serious disease resulting in illness or death
28
Precautions:
• Take every measure to avoid contamination
• Handle the material only when fully protected by the proper Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
• Handle the material in designated places only
Class E- Corrosive Material
• Causes severe eye and skin irritation upon contact
• Causes severe tissue damage with prolonged contact
• May be harmful if inhaled
Precautions:
• Keep containers tightly closed
• Avoid skin and eye contact by wearing all necessary Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Avoid inhaling by using in well-ventilated areas and/or wearing the proper
respiratory equipment
Class F- Dangerously Reactive Material
• The material is very unstable
• May react with water to release a toxic or flammable gas
• May explode as a result of shock, friction or increase in temperature
• May explode if heated when in a closed container
• Undergoes vigorous polymerization
Precautions:
• Keep material away from heat
• Open containers carefully
• Do not drop containers
• Store the material in a designated cool, flame-proof area

The employer is required to provide on-site WHMIS training pertaining to the
handling and use of the products located at that site.
29
Chemical & Biological
Chemical and biological agents are common in Manitoba workplaces. A chemical is
broadly defined as any natural or artificial substance, whether in the form of a solid,
liquid, gas or vapour. A biological is broadly defined as a substance containing living
organisms or parts of living organisms in their natural or modified forms.
The employer must develop safety work procedures for chemicals and biologicals that
create a risk to a worker’s safety and health, and must workers must be trained in the
procedures. A risk assessment must be completed for each chemical or biological
substance present in the workplace, in consultation with the Safety and Health
Committee, to determine if it the substance creates a risk to the health of a worker.
Workplace Safety and Health Regulation
http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety/actregnew.html

Additional Resources
75
Note: This is not a complete list of all safety-related resources.
First Aid Information and Safety Training
Facts on Fire (204) 761-0777
Heart Beat Inc. (204) 488-4439
Pair-A-Medics (204) 940-4234
Wes-Care Services (204) 775-2893
H2S and First Aid Training (ACC) (204) 725-8700 ext.6683
Canadian Red Cross Society 1-888-307-7997
St. John Ambulance 1-800-471-7771
Criti Care EMS, Inc. (204) 989-3671
Facts on Fire (204) 726-0863
Trauma Care (204) 257-5017
For a list of first aid courses being offered throughout Manitoba,
visit www.localcourses.com.
Safety and Health Information Manitoba Labour, Workplace
Safety and Health Division
Winnipeg, MB (204) 945-3446
Brandon, MB (204) 726-6361
Beausejour, MB (204) 268-6044
Portage la Prairie, MB (204) 239-3201
http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety/

Institute of Agricultural Rural and Environmental Health (Centre for
Agricultural Medicine) - University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
(306) 966-8286 www.usask.ca/medicine/agmedicine
76
This manual was developed in partnership with:
Manitoba Pork Council
Assiniboine Community College
Facts on Fire
Elite Swine Inc.
Manitoba Labour, Workplace Safety and Health Division
Canadian Red Cross
Industry stakeholders
Information and recommendations contained in this publication is believed to be reliable.
Manitoba Pork Council does not guarantee the accuracy or sufficiency of subject
material, nor can it accept responsibility for the completeness of information. In all
cases, readers should refer to applicable Acts and Regulations governing workplace
safety and health in Manitoba for the full text of such provisions. Acts and Regulations
are available in their entirety on the Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health website at:
www. http://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety/actreg.html
Manitoba Pork Council
28 Terracon Place
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R2J 4G7
Telephone: (204) 237-7447
Toll Free: 1-888-893-7447
Fax: (204) 237-9831
Website: www.manitobapork.com

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