Nicotine replacement therapy … - Carlos A ... - Entretiens du Carla

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Most smokers start smoking during
adolescence, at an age when the maturation of
the central nervous system is incomplete and
when cholinergic mechanisms play a major role
in the regulation of its development.
Nicotine and developing
brain
Use of NRTs among
adolescents
Jean-Pierre Zellweger
Pneumologist
Fribourg, Switzerland
Disturbance of the maturation processes can
lead to permanent impairment of the neuronal
architecture (1) or suboptimal function of some
parts of the system. Given its neurotropic effect
and the high density of nicotinic receptors in
the central nervous system, nicotine has a
major impact on cerebral development in
adolescents (2). It has thus been demonstrated
that nicotine interacts with the normal
maturation processes of the cholinergic system
and that smoking in adolescents can induce
impairment of the mechanisms of impulsivity
control, similar to the impairments that
characterize attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) (3). Some adolescent smokers
also develop an anxiety disorder (4).
See figures 1 and 2.
Tobacco dependence can develop rapidly in
some adolescents, occasionally after only a few
weeks of use (5), and this is probably under the
influence of genetic and environmental factors
(6).
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NICOTINE AND THE DEVELOPING BRAIN
Figure 1. The effect of nicotine on neuronal development
deBry SC, Nic Tob Res 2008; 10(1): 11-25.
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