IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL

CHAPTER UI
MATERIALS AND METHODS
P.li!tstr li6 in th. nonh w6t of South Ali! dd .nends m t4orth fion 2:f '
l?' N lari$de and 6l' - 75' E longnudc tt hd ! tolal arq of aboul 796 096 squst'
kilometeB. ofwhich about 59% formt high nounlains and hble land! in the mnh and
w.!t. whil€ lhe rcoainins 4l 96 @Nist! ot sandv daens buren Placaus fenil' pldB
in $c middl. alongwidr ccitl b.ach6 and n.rshv swanps in $c aouth TlE @ltiE|!d
and fosl &6 @er 36S and oui4% of $. !o|al tr* resFclivclv Fiv'nainrivcu'
i.c.. Indus, Jbeltm, Chcnlb, Ravi a.d Sudcj, flow thrcugh n and atc rhc Min slrcr
of inigation in th. cuhivat d Plais
of fi€ Punjab aod sindh Nat!61 veg€radoo ircludB
lough dry gf.s, s$ .tl buh6 and lN trs i! 16 dry dca, eldl' lhe mnhcin
mounuiE @ coletld with woodcd fordr.
As Pak6bn is locaEd on de nonn ofd. Tropic of CaGr' n hs a o0Limnttl
rrpe o! clrlw chMcl.ri4d bv eroem. vdilLioB ol EmPeralure ln @v paB lh'
slmn r tnpqarure may rcach !p o 5e c and diuhal qriation nay b' a nucn d
I l" C !o l? C. Wintds dc @tl vifi mininun D.'n temFdurc of abou|f C in
Janoarv. Nonhern mountlis e nuch @ldcr' whe@ d. t'nPc6or4 on Balwhisl4
plateau are sonewtal hiShcr.
P*nlan slffe* from a geftral deficiency of tainfall. Although th€ couotrv is in
rh. noMn e8on. n B c\tEmelv dd. c\c.p( for the 3ou!h'rn 3lopa of Hrmlavs and
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