Ecology and regeneration of forest communities on the alluvial fan ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

-Study area<strong>and</strong> winter are the driest periods <strong>of</strong> the year. Snowfall rate at the southern slope is generally low. Once a decade very cold winters with strong frost periods occur, which restrains the growth <strong>and</strong> culture <strong>of</strong> frost intolerant species (Prilipko 1954). Fig. 2.4 Climate chart for Zaqatala, 40 km northwest <strong>of</strong> Qakh, with climatic classification after Köppen (Mühr 2007) 2.4 Hydrology The 55 km long river Kurmukcay is a w<strong>and</strong>ering gravel bed river with the increasing tendency towards braiding at the fan's distal margin. It drains 560 km² <strong>of</strong> the adjacent mountain region. Its spring is located in the higher mountain region in more than 3,000 metres above sea level. Its upper reaches are mainly fed by snow <strong>and</strong> glacier melt water, whereas the proportion <strong>of</strong> rainwater increases with decreasing altitude (Administration <strong>of</strong> Water Resources Qakh 2007). At the southern slopes <strong>of</strong> the Greater Caucasus flood events mainly occur due to snowmelt in springtime. At this time annual water run-<strong>of</strong>f reaches its maximum (Franz 1973). Though various measures are taken by the government to reduce the constitutive power <strong>of</strong> this river system, active braided river channels constantly change the fan's surface. In the warm summer period discharge rates strongly decline <strong>and</strong> the riverbed becomes largely dry. 2.5 Vegetation, soils <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> use According to Meusel et al. (1965) the Alasan-Awtoran depression belongs to the southeastern trans-Caucasian province <strong>of</strong> the Caucasian sub region, which is in turn part -<strong>Ecology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>regeneration</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>forest</strong> <strong>communities</strong> on the alluvial fan near Qakh (Northwestern Azerbaijan)- 6
-Study area<strong>of</strong> the Macaronesic-Mediterranean region. In the past, broad leafed <strong>forest</strong>s constituted the natural vegetation <strong>of</strong> this region. Today only small <strong>forest</strong> patches are left. They totally cover about one third <strong>of</strong> the study area. They act as an intermediary between the European <strong>forest</strong> vegetation <strong>and</strong> the far more species-rich South Caspian Rain<strong>forest</strong>s. Heading south they are soon displaced by semiarid steppe vegetation, whereas heading north by montane beech <strong>and</strong> lime tree <strong>forest</strong>s. These alluvial <strong>forest</strong> remnants alternate with small villages, agriculture fields <strong>of</strong> tobacco, wheat, corn, melon, plantations <strong>of</strong> hazelnut, walnut but also mulberry <strong>and</strong> different fruit trees. Cattle, sheep, goat <strong>and</strong> water buffalo are the most important livestock species in the fan area. The typical spatial pattern <strong>of</strong> different substrates on the fan results in very different silvicultural characteristics. The deep loamy alluvial soils at the lower reaches are moist <strong>and</strong> nutrient rich. In contrast, the shallow soils at the upper reaches <strong>of</strong> the fan, rich in coarse material provide quite unfavourable growth conditions. This is due to their strongly reduced water holding capacity <strong>and</strong> thus strong dessication in summer (Prilipko 1954). -<strong>Ecology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>regeneration</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>forest</strong> <strong>communities</strong> on the alluvial fan near Qakh (Northwestern Azerbaijan)- 7
Page 1: Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greif
Page 4 and 5: Danksagung Hiermit möchte ich mich
Page 6 and 7: Figure index Fig. 1.1 Natural river
Page 8 and 9: Table index Table 3.1 Transformed a
Page 10 and 11: Abbreviations II - plant names ACE-
Page 12 and 13: -Introduction- 1. What is the struc
Page 14 and 15: -Study area- 2.2 Relief and
Page 18 and 19: -Materials and Met
Page 24 and 25: -Results- Table 4.1 Percentage syno
Page 26 and 27: -Resultsand also t
Page 28 and 29: -Results- Number of</strong
Page 30 and 31: -Results- Fig. 4.9 Populus alba st<
Page 32 and 33: -Results- 5. Quercus robur-Carpinus
Page 34 and 35: -Resultsdescribed Quercus robur-Car
Page 36 and 37: -Resultsfurther typical species <st
Page 38 and 39: -Resultsproperties differ considera
Page 40 and 41: -Resultsa) cm b) cm c) cm Fig. 4.19
Page 42 and 43: -Resultsg) cm h) cm cm Fig. 4.21 Re
Page 44 and 45: -Results- The DCA analysis (Fig. 4.
Page 46 and 47: -Results- The NMDS-analysis reveale
Page 48 and 49: -Discussionand low
Page 50 and 51: -Discussion- 4 2 0 m N W S E 3 7 0
Page 52 and 53: -Discussion- 5 0 m 2 m Fig. 5.6 Cro
Page 54 and 55: -Discussion- 1 0 0 m 4 m Fig. 5.8 C
Page 56 and 57: -Discussioncoggygria, Pyracantha co
Page 58 and 59: -Discussionevent the government org
Page 60 and 61: -Discussion- Wood pasture Grazing w
Page 62 and 63: -Summary- 6 Summary With this study
Page 64 and 65: -Zusammenfassung- 7 Zusammenfassung
Page 66 and 67:
-Literature- 8 Literature AG Boden,
Page 68 and 69:
-Literature- Meusel, H., Jäger, E.
Page 70 and 71:
-Appendix I - Appendix I Structure
show all

Ecology and regeneration of forest communities on the alluvial fan ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?