The Anthropometrics of Disability - Designing Accessible Communities

Recommendations

Info

SUMMARY OF PAPERS The 20 papers addressed topics in 7 related areas: • Overview and Summary of Needs – the big picture of anthropometry and its relationship to design • Structural Anthropometry and Reach Capabilities – measurements of body size and body parts including consideration of clothing and assistive technology used by an individual (e.g. wheelchairs) • Functional Anthropometry – measurement of the body in motion or strength as used in performing everyday activities • Human Modeling Based on Anthropometric Data – computer modeling of the human body and its utilization of anthropometric databases • Sampling – methods and approaches for selecting people to participate in anthropometric surveys • Design approaches – methods for utilization of anthropometric data in design • New Directions and Alternative Methods – emerging research methods that could provide useful information for improving our knowledge of anthropometry and its relationship to life with a disability The papers were presented in groups of 2 -4, with each group relating to one of the 7 topical areas. The presentations were immediately followed by discussion. The summaries below describe the content of the papers and the important points made by the authors. The Anthropometrics of Disability | 14
1. OVERVIEWS Four papers provided an overview of the major issues that need to be addressed in the field of anthropometry and disability. These papers demonstrated the complex nature of anthropometry and the gap that exists between the need for knowledge and accurate reliable databases. Lois Thibault provided the perspective of a government administrator who needs anthropometric data to establish policies and standards for design of the built environment. John Roebuck summarized needs for development of accurate and comprehensive static anthropometric measurement methods as well as computer-based models. He identified many of the unique difficulties of this work with populations that have disabilities. J. Mark Porter described approaches to using human modeling in design and suggested that such models be used to create models of individuals rather than using aggregated summaries of isolated anthropometric variables that are more difficult for designers to use. Doug Hobson described efforts to develop standardized postural descriptions for wheelchair users and outlined the benefits of standardization in measurement methods. Summary of key points: • Available databases are not providing the information that policy makers and designers need in a form that is easy to use. • Conventional anthropometry is not adequate for improving our knowledge of the anthropometrics of disability. • Computer human modeling offers great promise in helping to improve our knowledge as well as providing information in a form that designers and policy makers can utilize more readily. • Task-based models of individual people with disabilities performing specific tasks could be a very useful resource in the absence of comprehensive human models based on data collected from large samples. • Standardization in measurement approaches can provide significant benefits by providing a common ground for policy makers, researchers, rehabilitation practitioners, computer modelers, code developers and designers. • Contemporary issues in the regulation of accessibility emphasize cognitive issues, aging and usability of information technology. 2. STRUCTURAL ANTHROPOMETRY & REACH This set of papers focused on methods used in anthropometric studies of body dimensions and reaching abilities. The papers described the variety of approaches currently in use and the key issues that contemporary researchers are investigating. Ewa Nowak reviewed the two basic methods by which arm reach zones have been The Anthropometrics of Disability | 15
Page 1 and 2: The Anthropometrics of Disability P
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS The Anthropometri
Page 5 and 6: Increasing communications and dialo
Page 7 and 8: The Impact Of Social Adaptation On
Page 9 and 10: DISCLAIMER This report was develope
Page 11 and 12: advance the field. The last section
Page 13: one another or the space required t
Page 17 and 18: wheelchair propulsion, relating the
Page 19 and 20: design solutions. • Sampling fram
Page 21 and 22: Three papers focused on experiences
Page 23 and 24: ecommendations focused on the limit
Page 25 and 26: the task, e.g. the frequency at whi
Page 27 and 28: • A database library should be or
Page 29 and 30: Because there is so much work to be
Page 31 and 32: ased directly on the performance da
Page 33 and 34: • Identify levels of acceptable r
Page 35 and 36: • development of hypotheses, how
Page 37 and 38: questions about the availability of
Page 39 and 40: • • • • • avoid overly si
Page 41 and 42: • How-to seminars would be valuab
Page 43 and 44: GENERAL OVERVIEW The Workshop broug
Page 45 and 46: accessible transportation. Paquet a
Page 47 and 48: The validity of models is therefore
Page 49 and 50: and Steinfeld both emphasized the i
Page 51 and 52: • Put more emphasis on collecting
Page 53 and 54: people with disabilities. In additi
Page 55 and 56: the recommendations in this report
Page 57 and 58: James Llinas Center for Multisource
Page 59 and 60: Sarah Endicott CATEA Georgia Instit
Page 61 and 62: 2. COMPUTER MODELING AND ANTHROPOME
Page 63 and 64: form that can be used efficiently i
Page 65 and 66:
The challenge for anthropologists,
Page 67 and 68:
8. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS,
Page 69 and 70:
BRUCE BRADTMILLER Engineering anthr
Page 71 and 72:
This research employed a direct ant
Page 73 and 74:
LAURIE RINGAERT, DAVID RAPSON, JIAN
Page 75 and 76:
outcome variables. Differences in f
Page 77 and 78:
MATTHEW P. REED, PH.D. Advancements
Page 79:
functional ability to develop datab
show all

The Anthropometrics of Disability - Designing Accessible Communities

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?