North American Heavy Oil, Oil Sands, and Oil Shale Resources

Table of Contents
List of Figures ..............................................................................................................................viii
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................x
List of Acronyms ...........................................................................................................................xi
List of Units ................................................................................................................................xiv
Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................xv
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1.1
1.1 Energy and Global Economic Development ................................................................. 1.1
1.2 North American Unconventional Oil Resources ........................................................... 1.2
1.3 Unconventional Oil Resources and the Global Petroleum Market ................................. 1.4
1.4 Heavy Oil ..................................................................................................................... 1.4
1.5 Oil Sands ...................................................................................................................... 1.5
1.6 Oil Shale ....................................................................................................................... 1.5
1.7 Upstream Processing ..................................................................................................... 1.5
1.8 Downstream Processing and Markets ............................................................................ 1.7
1.9 Economic Issues ............................................................................................................ 1.7
1.10 Legal and Environmental Issues .................................................................................. 1.8
1.11 Summary .................................................................................................................... 1.8
1.12 References ................................................................................................................... 1.9
2 Utah Heavy Oil Program ArcIMS® Map Server Interface ....................................................... 2.1
2.1 UHOP ArcIMS® Map Server Interface ......................................................................... 2.1
2.2 Toolbar Description ...................................................................................................... 2.2
2.3 ArcIMS® Table of Contents ........................................................................................... 2.3
2.4 Usage Tips .................................................................................................................... 2.4
2.5 Accessing the UHOP Repository through the Map Server Interface .............................. 2.4
2.5.1 Using the Identify Results Tool ............................................................................ 2.5
2.5.2 Using the Select by Rectangle Tool ...................................................................... 2.6
2.5.3 Using the Query UHOP Repository Tool ............................................................ 2.7
2.6 Future Work ................................................................................................................. 2.8
3 The North American Unconventional Oil Resource ............................................................... 3.1
3.1 Heavy Oil Resource ...................................................................................................... 3.3
3.1.1 Canadian Heavy Oil Resource ............................................................................. 3.5
3.1.2 U.S. Heavy Oil Resource ..................................................................................... 3.6
3.1.3 Mexican and Central American Heavy Oil Resource ........................................... 3.8
3.2 Oil Sands Resource ..................................................................................................... 3.12
3.2.1 Canadian Oil Sands Resource ............................................................................ 3.14
3.2.2 U.S. Oil Sands Resource .................................................................................... 3.14
3.2.3 Mexican and Central American Oil Sands Resource .......................................... 3.17
3.3 Oil Shale Resource ...................................................................................................... 3.17
3.3.1 Canadian Oil Shale Resource ............................................................................. 3.20
3.3.2 U.S. Oil Shale Resource..................................................................................... 3.20
3.3.3 Mexican and Central American Oil Shale Resource ........................................... 3.21
3.4 New Technology Impacts ............................................................................................ 3.21
3.5 References ................................................................................................................... 3.21
4 Production/Processing Technologies for Unconventional Oil Resources ................................. 4.1
4.1 Production Processes for Heavy Oil .............................................................................. 4.2
4.1.1 Evolution of Steam Injection Technologies .......................................................... 4.3
4.1.2 Reservoir and Performance Monitoring ............................................................... 4.5
4.1.3 Screening Criteria for Steamflood Technologies ................................................... 4.5
4.1.4 Models for Steamflood Performance .................................................................... 4.6
4.1.5 New Technology Impacts and Future Research .................................................... 4.6
4.1.6 Selected Field Surveys .......................................................................................... 4.8
Utah Heavy Oil Program Unconventional Oils Research Report
September 2007 v