Vector-borne Infectious Diseases in Pakistan
Vector-borne Infectious Diseases in Pakistan
Vector-borne Infectious Diseases in Pakistan
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24<br />
variety of stand<strong>in</strong>g waters<br />
<strong>in</strong> urban areas, rang<strong>in</strong>g<br />
from small (cans, buckets,<br />
old tires)(An. stephensi) to<br />
large, slowly flow<strong>in</strong>g<br />
ponds with water plants,<br />
rice paddies (An.<br />
hyrcanus), mounta<strong>in</strong> lakes<br />
(An. superpictus), etc.<br />
Bite properties: Female<br />
Anopheles bite at dawn<br />
and dusk; An. superpictus<br />
and An. fluviatilis do not<br />
bite <strong>in</strong>doors (exophilic,<br />
exophagic); other species<br />
actively move <strong>in</strong>doors and<br />
bite there (endophilic,<br />
endophagic); very small<br />
species, such as An.<br />
stephensi, penetrate<br />
untreated mosquito nets;<br />
flight radius 1-2 km
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