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Figure 1. Sire prolificacy of herd bulls with calves in more than one year expressed as a proportion of expected (1.0; dashed line) based on the number of bulls present in multisire breeding pastures. Parentage was determined by SNP analysis of DNA from progeny and sires. All bulls were Angus except for the two marked with an asterisk (*) which were Horned Herefords. Figure 2. Comparison of American Angus Association (AAA) weaning weight (WW) EPDs and on-ranch EPDs (rEPD) for 20 Angus herd bulls (♦) and 4 high-accuracy (AAA ACC 0.89-0.97) AI sires (Δ) and two unproven (AAA ACC 0.4-0.51) AI sires (▲). Confidence intervals (67%) based on BIF accuracies are plotted for the highest and lowest WW rEPD herd and AI bulls. The American Angus Association (AAA) WW EPDs of the young herd bulls on this study averaged 17.6 kg (±2.1) and ranged in BIF accuracy from 0.05 to 0.25. The WW rEPD ranged from -11.0 to 10.0 kg (SD ±3.7) and BIF accuracies ranged from 0.03 to 0.42 for bulls with 1 and 40 calves, respectively. Because some bulls sired only a few offspring in a breeding season (range 0-26), the accuracy of their rEPD was correspondingly low. The correlation between AAA WW EPDs and rEPDs was much higher for the well-proven AI bulls (R 2 =0.65, dashed line) than for the lowaccuracy herd bulls (R 2 =0.06, solid line). The AAA WW EPD of the all the herd bulls fell within a single 67% confidence interval based on the lowest AAA WW EPD ACC of 0.05.
Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science Vol. 60, 2009 GROWTH ENDOCRINE AXIS AND BOVINE CHROMOSOME 5: ASSOCIATION OF SNP GENOTYPES AND REPRODUCTIVE PHENOTYPES IN AN ANGUS, BRAHMAN AND ROMOSINUANO DIALLELE P. Luna-Nevarez 1 , G. Rincon 2 , D.G. Riley 3 , C.C. Chase, Jr. 3 , J.F. Medrano 2 , D. VanLeeuwen 1 , G.A. Silver 1 , and M.G. Thomas 1 1 New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 2 University of California, Davis, California 95616 3 USDA-ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, Florida 34601 ABSTRACT: The growth endocrine axis influences reproduction. A QTL associated with enhanced ovulation exists on chromosome 5 in cattle and there are 6 genes underlying this region involved in the mechanisms of GH action. Resequencing exons, 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and conserved non-coding regions of these genes in a multibreed resource population revealed 75 SNP usable for genotype to phenotype association studies. In the current study, phenotypes included age at first calving, calving interval, days to calving, and pregnancy rate. Data were collected from developing heifers (n = 650) of a diallele composed of Angus, Brahman, and Romosinuano breeds. A SNP in the promoter of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)2 gene, which is a second messenger of GH, had minor allele frequency > 10% across the three breeds. This SNP did not deviate from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (X 2 = 1.00, P > 0.31), so deemed useful for genotype to phenotype association analyses. Since the remaining SNP appeared to predict breed, they were used to correct for population stratification using STRUCTURE, which revealed three distinctive ancestral clusters. No significant association was detected between the STAT2 genotype and reproductive traits in mixed effects analyses using genotype as a fixed term, sire as a random term, and coefficient of ancestry as a covariate; however, the interaction of SNP genotype and ancestral cluster was associated with the traits days to calving (P < 0.05) and calving interval (P < 0.10). Interaction plots revealed a higher estimated effect of heterozygous genotype in cluster 1 (inferred primarily from Brahman) and lower estimates in clusters 2 and 3 (inferred primarily from Bos taurus). The heterozygous genotype extended these trait levels ~100 d. A SNP in the promoter of the STAT2 gene was associated with fertility trait levels in admixed cows of the breeds Angus, Brahman, and Romosinuano. The effect appeared to be a non-additive genetic relationship as heterozygous genotype extended levels of traits indicative of postpartum rebreeding. Key Words: heifer, reproduction, SNP genotype. Introduction Components of the GH/IGF axis play important roles in reproductive processes, such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and embryonic development. Growth hormone acts through its receptor (GHR) to increase hepatic secretion of IGF-1 as a consequence of activating cell signaling pathway proteins (Lucy, 2008). A QTL associated with ovulation and (or) twinning in cattle exists on chromosome 5, and the IGF-1 gene underlies this region (Allan et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2009). There were other genes underlying this QTL known to be involved in the GH/IGF axis, suggesting these genes may also be regulators of fertility. Brahman cattle are typically slower to reach sexual maturity compared to most Bos taurus breeds (Lopez et al., 2006). Objective herein was to evaluate associations of genotypes from SNP derived from candidate genes of the GH/IGF axis with reproductive phenotypes of beef heifers from the breeds Angus, Brahman and Romosinuano. Materials and Methods Genes and SNP Discovery Genes in the GH/IGF-1 endocrine axis from a 23 Mb QTL-region of bovine chromosome 5 were identified on the GenMAPP diagram of Farber et al. (2006). These genes were IGF-1, IGFBP6, Pro-Melanin Concentrating Hormone (PMCH), Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 2 and 6 (STAT2,6) and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 (SOCS2). Functional regions of each gene were resequenced using DNA from 48 unrelated cattle according to the procedures described by Rincon et al. (2007) and Garrett et al. (2008). They were: 1000 bp of the 5’-untranslated region, exons, and the 500 bp of the 3’- untranslated region. If a gene contained multiple exons (> 10), then a Vista alignment (http://pipeline.lbl.gov/) was conducted to identify conserved introns and exons. Resequencing was completed at SeqWright (Houston, TX) and provided results of SNP, indel, and microsatellite. Finally, SNP were confirmed with CodonCode aligner (CodonCode ® Corporation, Dedham, MA) and then tested to be synonymous or non-synonymous using Polyphen (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph), and if they were a tag SNP (Haploview; http://www.broad.mit.edu/mpg).
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increased HCW of steers born earlie
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Proceeding, Western Section, Americ
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degrees of freedom method was used
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Table 2. Supplement × physiologica
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to water and a loose macro- and mic
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Table 2. Effects of calving body co
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ased on average quality and availab
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1 See figure legends for descriptio
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the most important criterions in ra
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Results Perceptions of profitabilit
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input cost into the system. Sand an
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Physiological state has also been h
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Table 3 Percent crude protein (CP),
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conducted for 90 d from Dec 1, 2007
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In f o Proceedings, Western Section
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identified in the commercially avai
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The absence of shade in pen decreas
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T e m Figure 2. Impact of three pre
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weaning date can have a positive im
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Table 1. Systems Backgrounding Perf
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Results and Discussion Maximum and
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Figure 2. Oxygen levels of two comp
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contemporary groups where two intac
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Sund, J. M. and M. J. Wright. 1956.
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thiamin), or 4) HIGH (150 mg·hd -1
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Literature Cited Buckner, C. D., T.
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Serum estradiol concentrations were
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Literature Cited AOAC. 1999. Offici
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Results The BFTH contained four and
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The genetic correlation between MS
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Acknowledgements Red Angus Associat
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absorbed from the small intestine (
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ather than May (P < 0.10). Differen
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May July Low Mod High SE Table 3. R
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Aubrey, TX) to achieve a concentrat
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hormone concentrations in stallions
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* * Figure 3. Mean cortisol concent
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in psyllium-supplemented horses but
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References AOAC. 1990. Official Met
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Implications If available and cost
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Slaughter Characteristic of Ram and
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2003). Study 2 included trials in J
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are more accurate than external mar
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than animals fed 24% CP-diet during
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Over complete 28 days fattening exp
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uminally undegradable protein presu
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Todd, A. L., L. M. M. Surber, S. D.
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2006. Effects of supplementing drie
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warm-season annual legumes were use
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parturition was similar for all cow
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Table 3. Average spring 2009 percen
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evaluated based on significant effe
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Table 1. Effect of supplemental cor
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ated by two ultrasound examinations
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Table 1. Percentages of heifers tha
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Treatment 2 was the 12 h interval o
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treated with a CIDR for 14 d exhibi
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≤ ≥ Table 1. Description of cow
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andomly assigned to CO-Synch+CIDR (
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Johnson, S. K., and R. D. Jones. 20
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ultrasound examinations of each ova
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Fernandez, D. L., J. G. Berardinell
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Statistical analysis Data were anal
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physical stress on the body and, th
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hypercortisolism is a characteristi
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FIG. 3. Mean circulating plasma con
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synthesise cDNA. The thermocycler p
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Proportion of cows that were estrua
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January, and homogenized samples fr
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exhibit the presence of a corpus lu
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Even though, mean leptin concentrat
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2004). The swine catheter was used
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Table 2. Breed effect on ewe longev
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the cannula to moderately inflate t
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PGE1, 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, trichosanth
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Experiment 2. Forty-two multiparous
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Table 1. Components of d 7 post-mat
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Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Los
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LITERATURE CITED Camacho, L. E., J.
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lood vessels occur in a physiologic
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after removal of the P4. This possi
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Results of this experiment indicate
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evaporation). The 2 nd component
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15 ng / mL de Progesterone 12 9 6 3
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collections were performed and tota
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Table 2. Effects of corn condensed
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characteristics of the maize grain
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Proceedings, Western Sections, Amer
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lovegrass straw supplemented with d
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Table 1. Dietary treatments Alfalfa
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dairy cows experienced a post-partu
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etention time and the extent of DMD
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Acknowledgement: Research supported
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BW was affected by supplementation
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(NOAA, 2007, 2008; data not shown).
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particles in the diet (Leonardi and
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indicative of larger villi that wou
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treatment, day, and all possible in
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Table 1. Ingredient composition of
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dried distiller’s grains (DDGS; D
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cattle tend to cost 39% more (Ferna
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and those where WDGS and DDGS were
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of preconditioning. This outcome is
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period prior to harvest. Although L
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Plain, R. 2006. Feeding distiller
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were maintained on a single, dorman
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Table 1. Botanical composition of d
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Leu, L-Val, L-Met, L-His, L-Lys, L-
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Table 2. Effects of abomasal Trp in
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Table 1. Experimental supplements c
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Chen, P. S, T. Y. Toribara and H. W
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stimulate ad libitum intake and ort
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concentrate on the nutritive value
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Results and Discussion Dry matter i
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Crouse J.D., J. R. Busboom, R. A. F
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Table 2. Performance of weaned calv
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important role in enteric methane p
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Figure 1. Dynamics of rumen oxidati
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Table 1. Diet composition Item DM b
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120 +LPS -LPS 10.0 8.0 +LPS -LPS To
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(EE), respectively. Sunflower oil (
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Table 4: Fatty acid concentrations
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Kennely, J.J. 1996. The fatty acid
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Davis, K. C., 248 Davis, N. E., 372
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Orosco, G., 409 Ortega, J., 414, 42
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