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2. The average accuracy increase of 0.07 was observed among these groups. Although quantitatively this increase does not seem great, it represents a doubling of the accuracy for these low accuracy animals. Implications The ability to predict stayability of a bull’s daughters accurately earlier would be beneficial to cow-calf producers both financially and managerially. These results show earlier ages are in the same range of what is currently used in national genetic evaluations. This method to combine all available data on females will be of greatest benefit to young sire selection. Literature Cited Garrick, D. 2006. Evaluation, interpretation and relevance of stayability in beef cattle genetic improvement. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl 2): 50. Enns, R.M., D.J. Garrick, and B.W. Brigham. 2005. Variability in economic value is dependent upon herd average stayability. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. An. Sci.. 56:112-115. Hudson, G.F.S., and L.D. Van Vleck. 1981. Relationship between production and stayability in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 64: 2246-2250. Martinez, G.E., R.M. Koch, L.V. Cundiff, K.E. Gregory, S.D. Kachman, and L.D. Van Vleck. 2005. Genetic parameters for stayability, stayability at calving, and stayability at weaning to specified ages for Hereford cows. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2033-2042. Martinez, G.E., R.M. Koch, L.V. Cundiff, K.E. Gregory, and L.D. Van Vleck. 2004. Genetic parameters for six measures of length of productive life and three measures of lifetime production by 6 yr after first calving in Hereford cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1912-1918 Misztal, I., S. Tsuruta, T. Strabel, B. Auvray, T. Druet, and D. H. Lee. 2002. BLUPF90 and related programs (BGF90). Communication No. 28-07 in Proc. 7th World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod., Montpellier, France. Snelling, W.M., B.L. Golden, and R.M. Bourdon. 1995. Within-herd genetic analyses of stayability of beef females. J. Anim. Sci. 73:993-1001. Figure 1. Average stayability EPD accuracy by birth year of all animals. Figure 2. Average stayability EPD accuracy for birth years 2002 – 2004
Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science Vol. 60, 2009 PHENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIPS OF RESIDUAL FEED INTAKE WITH GROWTH AND CARCASS PERFORMANCE TRAITS OF SPRING-BORN ANGUS BULLS 1 G.E. Berryhill 2 , S.P. Doyle 2 , and L. Rechel 3 2 College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, CA 95929 3 Snyder Livestock Company, Inc., Yerington, NV 89477 ABSTRACT: With rising feed costs, increasing feed efficiency through reducing feed inputs is imperative. Thus, the phenotypic relationships of residual feed intake with growth and carcass performance traits were determined in spring-born Angus bulls at a central bull test station in Yerington, Nevada. Individual feed intake data were collected for bulls (n=136) using the GrowSafe feeding system. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated as the difference between actual intake and intake predicted by the stepwise linear regression of DMI on ADG, mid-test metabolic body weight (MMWT), and ultrasound back fat (uFT). Based upon calculated RFI, animals were divided into low (≤–0.5 SD; n=35; RFI=–1.036 kg/d), marginal (±0.5 SD; n=60; RFI=–0.001 kg/d), and high (≥0.5 SD; n=41; RFI=0.886 kg/d) groups. Group means were analyzed by ANOVA, fitting RFI grouping as the independent variable. Pearson correlations were determined for RFI and ADG, MMWT, feed conversion ratio (DMI/ADG; FCR), partial efficiency of growth (ADG/DMI for growth; PEG), ultrasound ribeye area (uREA), uFT, ultrasound percent intramuscular fat (uPIMF), uREA EPD, uFT EPD, and uPIMF EPD. No significant differences existed among RFI groups for on-test weight (P=0.70), offtest weight (P=0.48), ADG (P=0.58), uREA (P=0.12), uPIMF (P=0.82), and uFT (P=0.44). Furthermore, no significant group differences were detected in uFT, uREA, or uPIMF EPDs (P≥0.05). Significant group differences were detected in FCR, PEG, DMI, and RFI (P=0.00). Low RFI grouped animals appeared to exhibit favorable FCR (5.74 kg) and PEG (0.49) in conjunction with reduced DMI (11.12 kg/d). RFI was significantly correlated (P=0.00) with FCR, DMI, and PEG (0.49, 0.70, –0.89, respectively), further supporting the group analysis. Results suggest that phenotypic selection for decreased RFI can be used to improve feed efficiency without adversely impacting carcass composition and growth performance. Several measures of feed efficiency have been employed as selection tools, yet they are not without adverse effects. Traditionally, emphasis has been placed on growth rate and FCR to achieve greater efficiency in production, yet selection for growth rate has resulted in an increase in mature cowherd size, requiring greater resources for cowherd maintenance (Herd and Bishop, 2000; Archer et al., 1999). Additionally, placing selection pressure on FCR may result in changes in component traits associated with selecting based upon a ratio (Hoque et al., 2006). A more desirable selection tool to improve animal efficiency is one that has a favorable or negligible impact on other growth and carcass traits. Residual feed intake has been studied as an additional measure of production efficiency (Koch et al., 1963). Residual feed intake (RFI) is the deviation between actual and predicted intake based upon the regression of feed intake on average daily gain and mid-test metabolic body weight. RFI has been shown to have a favorable relationship with FCR and intake measures (Jensen et al., 1992; Herd and Bishop, 2000; Hoque et al., 2006; Nkrumah et al., 2007). Genetic analysis has shown that genetic residual feed intake is highly correlated with phenotypic residual feed intake (r=0.95), indicating that they may be thought of as the same trait (Hoque et al., 2006). Additionally, RFI has shown moderate heritability (h 2 =0.24), indicating that RFI may contain genetic components that would respond to selection pressure (Hoque et al., 2006). To capitalize on improving herd efficiency through the genetic variation associated with feed efficiency traits, it is necessary to characterize potential phenotypic differences among beef animals of varying RFI. The objectives of the present study were to determine phenotypic relationships of residual feed intake with growth and carcass performance traits of spring-born Angus bulls. Key Words: Beef Cattle, Residual Feed Intake, Carcass Trait Introduction Optimizing feed efficiency is of critical importance to a livestock operation as feed costs account approximately 60% of production costs in commercial beef operations (Arthur et al., 2001). Thus, it is imperative that producers have at their disposal appropriate tools to make selection decisions to optimize outputs while minimizing inputs. Materials and Methods Spring-born Angus bulls were used in this study (n=136). Data were collected over a two-year period at a central bull test station in Yerington, Nevada. In 2007, bulls (n=90) underwent a 62-day test. In 2008, bulls (n=46) underwent a 72-day test. During both test years, bulls received a grower and a finsher ration, following a 28-day adjustment period at the start of the test and a 7-day transition period. The grower ration contained 12% CP, 13.96% CF, 3.73% fat, 1.45 Mcal/kg NEm, and 0.86 Mcal 1 Funded in part by the California State University Agricultural Research Initiative and Snyder Livestock Company, Inc.
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Table 2. Supplement × physiologica
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to water and a loose macro- and mic
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Table 2. Effects of calving body co
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ased on average quality and availab
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1 See figure legends for descriptio
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the most important criterions in ra
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Proceedings, Western Section, Ameri
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Results Perceptions of profitabilit
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input cost into the system. Sand an
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Physiological state has also been h
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Table 3 Percent crude protein (CP),
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conducted for 90 d from Dec 1, 2007
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In f o Proceedings, Western Section
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identified in the commercially avai
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The absence of shade in pen decreas
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T e m Figure 2. Impact of three pre
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weaning date can have a positive im
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Table 1. Systems Backgrounding Perf
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Results and Discussion Maximum and
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Figure 2. Oxygen levels of two comp
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contemporary groups where two intac
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Sund, J. M. and M. J. Wright. 1956.
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thiamin), or 4) HIGH (150 mg·hd -1
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Literature Cited Buckner, C. D., T.
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Serum estradiol concentrations were
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Literature Cited AOAC. 1999. Offici
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Results The BFTH contained four and
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The genetic correlation between MS
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Acknowledgements Red Angus Associat
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absorbed from the small intestine (
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ather than May (P < 0.10). Differen
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May July Low Mod High SE Table 3. R
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Aubrey, TX) to achieve a concentrat
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hormone concentrations in stallions
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* * Figure 3. Mean cortisol concent
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in psyllium-supplemented horses but
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References AOAC. 1990. Official Met
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Implications If available and cost
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Slaughter Characteristic of Ram and
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2003). Study 2 included trials in J
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are more accurate than external mar
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than animals fed 24% CP-diet during
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Over complete 28 days fattening exp
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uminally undegradable protein presu
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Todd, A. L., L. M. M. Surber, S. D.
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2006. Effects of supplementing drie
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warm-season annual legumes were use
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parturition was similar for all cow
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Table 3. Average spring 2009 percen
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evaluated based on significant effe
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Table 1. Effect of supplemental cor
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ated by two ultrasound examinations
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Table 1. Percentages of heifers tha
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Treatment 2 was the 12 h interval o
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treated with a CIDR for 14 d exhibi
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≤ ≥ Table 1. Description of cow
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andomly assigned to CO-Synch+CIDR (
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Johnson, S. K., and R. D. Jones. 20
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ultrasound examinations of each ova
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Fernandez, D. L., J. G. Berardinell
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Statistical analysis Data were anal
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physical stress on the body and, th
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hypercortisolism is a characteristi
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FIG. 3. Mean circulating plasma con
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synthesise cDNA. The thermocycler p
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Proportion of cows that were estrua
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January, and homogenized samples fr
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exhibit the presence of a corpus lu
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Even though, mean leptin concentrat
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2004). The swine catheter was used
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Table 2. Breed effect on ewe longev
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the cannula to moderately inflate t
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PGE1, 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, trichosanth
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Experiment 2. Forty-two multiparous
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Table 1. Components of d 7 post-mat
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Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Los
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LITERATURE CITED Camacho, L. E., J.
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lood vessels occur in a physiologic
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after removal of the P4. This possi
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Results of this experiment indicate
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evaporation). The 2 nd component
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15 ng / mL de Progesterone 12 9 6 3
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collections were performed and tota
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Table 2. Effects of corn condensed
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characteristics of the maize grain
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Proceedings, Western Sections, Amer
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lovegrass straw supplemented with d
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Table 1. Dietary treatments Alfalfa
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dairy cows experienced a post-partu
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etention time and the extent of DMD
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Acknowledgement: Research supported
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BW was affected by supplementation
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(NOAA, 2007, 2008; data not shown).
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particles in the diet (Leonardi and
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indicative of larger villi that wou
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treatment, day, and all possible in
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Table 1. Ingredient composition of
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dried distiller’s grains (DDGS; D
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cattle tend to cost 39% more (Ferna
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and those where WDGS and DDGS were
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of preconditioning. This outcome is
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period prior to harvest. Although L
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Plain, R. 2006. Feeding distiller
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were maintained on a single, dorman
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Table 1. Botanical composition of d
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Leu, L-Val, L-Met, L-His, L-Lys, L-
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Table 2. Effects of abomasal Trp in
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Table 1. Experimental supplements c
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Chen, P. S, T. Y. Toribara and H. W
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stimulate ad libitum intake and ort
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concentrate on the nutritive value
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Results and Discussion Dry matter i
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Crouse J.D., J. R. Busboom, R. A. F
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Table 2. Performance of weaned calv
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important role in enteric methane p
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Figure 1. Dynamics of rumen oxidati
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Table 1. Diet composition Item DM b
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120 +LPS -LPS 10.0 8.0 +LPS -LPS To
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(EE), respectively. Sunflower oil (
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Table 4: Fatty acid concentrations
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Kennely, J.J. 1996. The fatty acid
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Davis, K. C., 248 Davis, N. E., 372
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Orosco, G., 409 Ortega, J., 414, 42
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PROCEEDINGS - American Society of Animal Science

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