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Table 1. Ancestry proportions of Angus, Brahman and Romosinuano diallele breed groups in clusters outputted from STRUCTURE. Ancestry Clusters Breed Group N 1 2 3 Angus 66 0.012 0.694 0.294 Brahman 59 0.878 0.029 0.082 Romosinuano 129 0.040 0.461 0.498 Angus x Brahman 116 0.462 0.334 0.204 Angus x Romosinuano 136 0.039 0.497 0.464 Brahman x Romosinuano 143 0.474 0.234 0.292 Table 2. Number of observations, and mean ± SE for birth weight, 205-d weight, 365-d weight, age at first calving, calving interval, days to calving, and pregnancy rate in a diallele of Angus, Brahman and Romosinuano heifers. Breed Group N Growth Traits 1 Reproductive Traits Birth Wt 205-d Wt 365-d Wt Age at First Calving Days to Pregnancy (kg) (kg) (kg) Calving Interval Calving Rate (d) (d) (d) (%) Angus 66 29.1±0.4 171.9±2.1 237.9±4.0 796.4±18.7 465.9±24.6 405.8±26.0 84.8 Brahman 59 30.2±0.5 200.2±2.3 252.2±2.9 934.9±27.7 546.4±24.9 470.1±26.1 69.4 Romosinuano 129 29.7±0.2 176.7±1.8 222.4±2.5 774.4±7.2 433.3±13.8 389.8±15.4 89.9 Angus x Brahman 116 33.1±0.3 208.1±2.4 281.0±2.7 763.8±13.0 421.4±11.1 357.0±11.6 91.3 Angus x Romosinuano 136 30.8±0.3 187.3±1.8 249.2±2.2 721.6±8.9 450.7±12.2 364.9±11.5 88.9 Brahman x Romosinuano 143 33.0±0.4 207.0±1.8 265.2±2.3 786.1±9.3 423.0±12.2 372.4±12.9 90.2 1 Traits adjusted according to Beef Improvement Federation guidelines (2006).
Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science Vol. 60, 2009 AGGREGATE STAYABILITY – USING INFORMATION FROM YOUNGER AGES B. W. Brigham 1 , S.E. Speidel 1 , D. J. Garrick 2 , L.D. Keenan 3 , and R. M. Enns 1 1 Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 2 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 3 Red Angus Association of America, Denton, TX 76207 ABSTRACT: Stayability reflects productive life which has direct impacts on profitability of cow-calf operators in the beef industry. The traditional definition of stayability EPD is the probability a cow will remain in production through 6 yrs of age. Its implementation has been problematic for producers with the most common concern that a female does not get an observation until she has reached the 6yr benchmark resulting in low accuracy EPD for animals until late in life. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traditional stayability and stayability to younger ages in order to use earlier observations to improve the prediction of EPD for stayability to 6yr. Data were from the Red Angus Association of America. Ages considered as earlier indicators of stayability to 6yrs of age were stayability to 3yrs, 4yrs and 5yrs. Variance components were estimated with a sire model using a probit threshold analysis including contemporary group as a fixed effect. Heritabilities calculated at each age were, 0.11, 0.12, 0.11 and 0.12 for 3, 4, 5, and 6yr stayability respectively. Genetic correlations were calculated using Gibbs sampling techniques. The genetic correlations among pairs of age definitions were 0.84, 0.46, 0.49 for 3yr-4yr, 3yr-5yr, 3yr- 6yr, 0.85, 0.70, for 4yr-5yr, 4yr-6yr, and 0.60 for 5yr-6yr. Data used in the subsequent EPD calculation was structured to be independent at each age definition to avoid covariances between residuals. Aggregate stayability values were calculated using the genetic correlations among ages to weight information from each age definition. Very little re-ranking among sires with accuracy greater than 0.60 occurred, resulting in a rank correlation of 0.99 between conventional 6yr stayability EPD and aggregate 6yr stayability EPD. An average accuracy increase of 0.07 was found in young animals that had yet to have daughters reach the 6yr benchmark age. Publishing stayability computed in this manner will help to eliminate issues associated with low accuracy EPD for animals younger the 6yrs of age. Key words: beef cattle, index, longevity, stayability Introduction Sires’ daughter fertility and stayability are both very important aspects to consider when making bull selection decisions. Stayability benefits a herd’s productivity in several ways including decreasing the need and cost for young replacements and thereby resulting in higher average weaning weights because of the greater average weaning weight of calves from older cows (Garrick, 2006). In beef cattle the only genetic prediction available to assist producers in selection for long term reproductive ability is stayability, which is defined as the probability a cow will remain in production to 6 yrs of age given she calves as a 2 yr old. In a herd where only 60% of the cows remain until 6 years of age, a one unit increase in overall herd stayability EPD has been valued at nearly $2000.00 (Enns et al., 2005). Research supports that a high proportion of females in production at 4 yr will still be in production to 6 yr or more, suggesting that earlier measures could be used as indicator traits in the genetic prediction of stayability to 6 yr of age. Martinez et al., (2005) reported correlations between 4 and 5 yr or 4 and 6 yr stayability of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively. Anecdotally, cattle producers support the premise that a female conceiving at 4 yr of age will remain in the herd until 6 yr of age. Cows culled after conceiving as a 4 yr old are most likely culled for reasons unrelated to reproductive ability. A difficulty typical of any long term prediction of female fertility is the requirement for a benchmark age. In the case of stayability it takes 6 yrs to receive a stayability observation. At that age, the sire of that female will be at least 8 yr old resulting in very low prediction accuracy for sires less than 8 yr of age. Most sires are no longer active at 8 yr of age unless available through artificial insemination. This lag between accurate prediction of stayability and the need for young replacement sires has received some criticism in the literature (e.g., Hudson and Van Vleck, 1981). As a result, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlations among earlier stayability ages and use this earlier age information in an aggregate 6yr stayability genetic prediction. Materials and Methods Data used in this analysis were obtained from an existing database and not subject to Animal Care and Use Committee approval. Herd book data from 1944 to 2007 was supplied by the Red Angus Association of America (RAAA). Research was conducted in two phases; first heritability estimates among the alternate stayability endpoints were
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Proceeding, Western Section, Americ
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degrees of freedom method was used
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Table 2. Supplement × physiologica
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to water and a loose macro- and mic
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Table 2. Effects of calving body co
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ased on average quality and availab
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1 See figure legends for descriptio
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the most important criterions in ra
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Proceedings, Western Section, Ameri
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Results Perceptions of profitabilit
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input cost into the system. Sand an
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Physiological state has also been h
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Table 3 Percent crude protein (CP),
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conducted for 90 d from Dec 1, 2007
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In f o Proceedings, Western Section
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identified in the commercially avai
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The absence of shade in pen decreas
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T e m Figure 2. Impact of three pre
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weaning date can have a positive im
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Table 1. Systems Backgrounding Perf
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Results and Discussion Maximum and
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Figure 2. Oxygen levels of two comp
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contemporary groups where two intac
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Sund, J. M. and M. J. Wright. 1956.
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thiamin), or 4) HIGH (150 mg·hd -1
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Literature Cited Buckner, C. D., T.
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Serum estradiol concentrations were
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Literature Cited AOAC. 1999. Offici
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Results The BFTH contained four and
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The genetic correlation between MS
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Acknowledgements Red Angus Associat
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absorbed from the small intestine (
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ather than May (P < 0.10). Differen
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May July Low Mod High SE Table 3. R
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Aubrey, TX) to achieve a concentrat
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hormone concentrations in stallions
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* * Figure 3. Mean cortisol concent
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in psyllium-supplemented horses but
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References AOAC. 1990. Official Met
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Implications If available and cost
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Slaughter Characteristic of Ram and
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2003). Study 2 included trials in J
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are more accurate than external mar
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than animals fed 24% CP-diet during
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Over complete 28 days fattening exp
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uminally undegradable protein presu
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Todd, A. L., L. M. M. Surber, S. D.
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2006. Effects of supplementing drie
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warm-season annual legumes were use
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parturition was similar for all cow
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Table 3. Average spring 2009 percen
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evaluated based on significant effe
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Table 1. Effect of supplemental cor
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ated by two ultrasound examinations
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Table 1. Percentages of heifers tha
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Treatment 2 was the 12 h interval o
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treated with a CIDR for 14 d exhibi
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≤ ≥ Table 1. Description of cow
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andomly assigned to CO-Synch+CIDR (
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Johnson, S. K., and R. D. Jones. 20
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ultrasound examinations of each ova
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Fernandez, D. L., J. G. Berardinell
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Statistical analysis Data were anal
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physical stress on the body and, th
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hypercortisolism is a characteristi
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FIG. 3. Mean circulating plasma con
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synthesise cDNA. The thermocycler p
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Proportion of cows that were estrua
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January, and homogenized samples fr
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exhibit the presence of a corpus lu
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Even though, mean leptin concentrat
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2004). The swine catheter was used
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Table 2. Breed effect on ewe longev
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the cannula to moderately inflate t
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PGE1, 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, trichosanth
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Experiment 2. Forty-two multiparous
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Table 1. Components of d 7 post-mat
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Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Los
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LITERATURE CITED Camacho, L. E., J.
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lood vessels occur in a physiologic
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after removal of the P4. This possi
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Results of this experiment indicate
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evaporation). The 2 nd component
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15 ng / mL de Progesterone 12 9 6 3
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collections were performed and tota
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Table 2. Effects of corn condensed
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characteristics of the maize grain
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Proceedings, Western Sections, Amer
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lovegrass straw supplemented with d
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Table 1. Dietary treatments Alfalfa
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dairy cows experienced a post-partu
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etention time and the extent of DMD
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Acknowledgement: Research supported
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BW was affected by supplementation
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(NOAA, 2007, 2008; data not shown).
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particles in the diet (Leonardi and
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indicative of larger villi that wou
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treatment, day, and all possible in
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Table 1. Ingredient composition of
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dried distiller’s grains (DDGS; D
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cattle tend to cost 39% more (Ferna
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and those where WDGS and DDGS were
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of preconditioning. This outcome is
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period prior to harvest. Although L
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Plain, R. 2006. Feeding distiller
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were maintained on a single, dorman
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Table 1. Botanical composition of d
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Leu, L-Val, L-Met, L-His, L-Lys, L-
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Table 2. Effects of abomasal Trp in
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Table 1. Experimental supplements c
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Chen, P. S, T. Y. Toribara and H. W
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stimulate ad libitum intake and ort
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concentrate on the nutritive value
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Results and Discussion Dry matter i
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Crouse J.D., J. R. Busboom, R. A. F
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Table 2. Performance of weaned calv
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important role in enteric methane p
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Figure 1. Dynamics of rumen oxidati
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Table 1. Diet composition Item DM b
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120 +LPS -LPS 10.0 8.0 +LPS -LPS To
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(EE), respectively. Sunflower oil (
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Table 4: Fatty acid concentrations
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Kennely, J.J. 1996. The fatty acid
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Davis, K. C., 248 Davis, N. E., 372
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Orosco, G., 409 Ortega, J., 414, 42
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