Die Entwicklung integrierter familienunterstützender - Qualiflex.lu

England – 2. In-depth description of selected programmes and services
mal childcare increased at a higher rate than the use of informal care (7%
and 5%, respectively) (Smith, 2007).
In terms of ethnic groups, black Caribbean families tend to have a relatively
high use of childcare. In contrast, Pakistani and Bangladeshi families
have yet to take up formal childcare in great numbers (Bryson et al, 2006:
table 2.19; Bell et al, 2005; Kazimirski et al, 2006; Hall, Bance & Denton,
2004).
2.3 Which offers are being integrated in which
form?
Services are integrated in a variety of forms. For example, childminder services
are often attached to Children’s Centres rather than being a part of
them. Thus, private and independent services are integrated into the Centres
without being specifically controlled by them. At present, Sure Start programmes
are diverse and varied. They do not necessarily conform to a specific
model, but rather incorporate different elements. Children’s Centres in
the most disadvantaged areas have been created with specific services dictated
by the original basic plan, while in less disadvantaged areas, the local
authorities have more freedom to design and adapt their own Children’s
Centres to their specific needs of local families. Neighbourhood Nurseries
and Early Excellence Centres, in addition to primary schools, community,
and family centres, also provide settings for Children’s Centres. These centres
ideally provide a network that links individual families to specialist services,
including language training, therapy, and adult education. For example,
Children’s Centres offer programmes for Speech & Language Therapy,
Smoking Cessation, Community Midwifery, and Health Visiting. Extended
Schools are not based on any particular model, but rather describe a set of
services that might be provided by any individual school, such as study support,
childcare, parenting and family support, adult and family learning, and
ICT. Examples of such education programmes on offer include: LearnDirect,
Skills for Life classes, and UK Online. Increasingly, services are being introduced
locally as a response to the newly developing needs of dual-earner
families (household support services, market-based initiatives) (TeacherNet
website—Whole School Issues).
The broad framework in which all Early Years, early education, and
childcare services fall under the Labour government is the Every Child Matters
agenda. The agenda covers health, social development, housing, a safe
environment and education. Within this framework fall programmes such as
Sure Start, Neighbourhood Nurseries, and Extended Schools. These programmes
have shifted in their organisation over the course of the Labour
government: since 1997, there has been a ‘systemic shift in service transformation’
that has not only expanded services but a fundamental change in
the conception of childcare and education as inextricable elements of family
policy (Smith, 2007).
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