Die Entwicklung integrierter familienunterstützender - Qualiflex.lu

France - 2. Overview of programmes and concepts
Childcare allowances and registered childminders
‘Complément de libre choix du mode de garde’ (CLMG formerly termed
AFEAMA) is an allowance provided to working parents who have at least
one child aged under six cared for by a registered childminder. This childcare
allowance covers the social security contributions to be paid by the
employer (the family) of the registered childminder. An additional and income-related
financial contribution is also given to the family. The number
of families receiving this CLMG rose from 110,000 in 1991 to 685,000 in
2005 (CNAF, 2007). As a result, the most common type of care arrangement
for children under 3 years of age and having both parents working,
except for care by one of the parents on parental leave, is now the registered
child minder (around 30%).
Another childcare allowance covers part of the social security contributions
which must be paid by families who employ a person in their home (a
‘nanny’) to care for their child(ren). In addition these families may deduct 50
per cent of the real costs from their income tax 3 , up to a limit of 6,000 Euros
per year.
En 2005, there were around 375 000 registered childminders: 264 000 are
directly employed by the parents. Child minders and home helpers are the
occupations which have experienced the most rapid job growth since the
1980s (+ 206% over the period 1982-2002, DARES, 2004).
The structure of staffing for children in collective childcare provision
Within the welfare system, in crèches and other centres, there are three types
of workers. The puéricultrice usually works as the director of a centre. At least
half of the staff in centres must be auxiliaires de puéricultrice. If the centre has
more than 40 places, there must be at least one éducatrice de jeunes enfants; this
group of workers are also increasingly applying to be directors of centres,
creating a certain degree of tension with puéricultrices, who have traditionally
had these senior posts.
2.1.2 Integrated public child care services: the “Multi-accueil” child
care facilities
Over the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of these
“Multi-accueil” services, sometimes also called “Maisons de la petite enfance”.
They currently account for nearly three quarters of childcare facilities. For
instance, from 2002 to 2006, the number of places of crèches located in
these multi-accueil facilities increased from 33,400 to 51,029 (Bailleau, 2007).
The rationale is to group together in one place, multiple and flexible
childcare arrangements: crèches, halte-garderies (half-time), emergency care for
children at risk, meeting rooms for childminders who look after children in
3 If they pay income tax, taking into account that in France around half of the households don’t
pay income tax as a result of the Quotient familial (Fagnani, Math, 2008).
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