Collection of Cycle Concepts 2012.pdf - Fietsberaad

URBAN PLANNING AND BICYCLE PLANNING
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Kbh+Frederiksberg
Copenhagen +Frederiksberg
Kbh. forstader
Copenhagen + suburbs
>7000
>70000
10-70000
10,000-70,000
2-10000
2,000-10,000
Land og små byer
Rural and small cities
Diverse Miscellaneous
Kollektiv Public
Bil Car
Cykel Bicycle
Gang Walking
Distribution of transport modes in relation to urban structure for trips of less than 22 km. 7.4
People bike less when the weather is frosty, but
the decisive factors for cycling are travel time and
terrain.
distances between homes, workplaces, shops,
etc. A greater population density also means an
increase in the customer base for local services,
thereby reducing the need for longer journeys.
All things being equal, urban density increases
bicycle traffic.
The prime factor influencing choice of transport
mode over short distances is the difference in
terrain, according to a study based on transport
habit surveys. In the flattest areas of Denmark
21% of total transport activities take place by
bicycle; in the hilliest areas such as Vejle only
10% of transport activities are cycled, in other
words the cycling modal share is more than
halved. This also means that passenger car
transport increases from 66% in the flattest part
of Denmark to 74% in hilly areas such as Vejle.
On the other hand people walk a bit more in hilly
areas. The same study shows that differences in
temperature and in the number of daylight hours
also influence transport choices; people cycle less
in frosty weather and women particularly avoid
cycling in the dark.
Travel speeds are essential when it comes to
choosing a transport mode. A Dutch study shows
that cyclists’ own travel speed as well as the
difference in their mutual speeds are significant
factors when choosing to bike. According to the
study, the degree of hilliness and the number of
stops as well as the cyclist’s travel time are the
main motivating factors in the decision to cycle.
Cyclist travel time is based on the direct route
to the destination and a 10% speed increase
increases the cycle modal share by 3.4 %. 0.3
fewer stops per km means a 4.9% greater
cycle modal share (Both are measured as a city
average.) 7.3, 7.4
An urban spacial structure in which a large
part of the built- up area is concentrated along
narrow bands of public traffic routes means
short walking distances to public transport and,
normally, high quality public transport services.
Greater Copenhagen, formed as a “finger” city,
also encourages people to combine cycling and
public transport, for example by cycling to the
S- train stations.
The demand for dwellings located close to the
coast or a lake has resulted in band shaped
cities in Denmark. Travel distances, however,
Driving to work is significantly more widespread in the provinces 7.5
Province- rural
Province - outer urban neighbourhoods
Province- inner urban neighbourhoods
Province - city centre
Copenhagen - city centre
are greater in band cities thereby increasing
automobile dependency. This means there will
be fewer cyclists in a band city than in a more
compact, circular city.
SITING WORKPLACES AND
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
A balance between the size of the active work
force and the number of workplaces in a given
area seems to reduce commuting, all things
being equal. The location of homes has a greater
impact on transport activities than the location of
workplaces.
A Danish study shows that the location of
workplaces is of some significance in all Danish
cities, but plays a major role in the capital. It
is true of all cities that fewer people drive to
businesses located in the city centre than to
businesses outside the city centre. The city centre
effect, however, seems most pronounced in
Aarhus and Aalborg.
23%
65%
72%
78%
87%