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National Workshop on Human Wildlife Conflict Management 2005 Aggregate costs of wildlife damage • Loss to the GDP from wildlife damage to crops in Caprivi is estimated at N$2.1 million/annum; • Loss to the GDP from wildlife predation on stock in Caprivi estimated at N$3.5 million/annum. Do CBNRM benefits compensate for costs of wildlife damage Cost-benefit analysis using Mayuni and Salambala conservancy models: • Base models include wildlife damage costs; • Additional costs applied to models; • Measure impacts on community income and returns on investment. Salambala Conservancy with costs of wildlife damage (N$/year, 2004): Change from base case model (cost) resulting from different HWC cost levels (2 to 4 times average loss) Value Cost Cost X 2 Cost X 4 Net benefit 666,900 342,600 18,400 NB loss 48.6% 94.6% FRR 40.4% 0.6% Negative GDP 823,100 534,900 246,700 Mayuni Conservancy with costs of wildlife damage (N$/year, 2004): Change from base case model (cost) resulting from different HWC cost levels (2 to 8 times average loss) Value Cost Cost X 2 Cost X 4 Cost X 8 Net benefit 1,146,900 730,000 313,100 -520,700 NB loss 36.4% 57.1% 266.3% FRR 219.6% 123.1% 37.7% Negative GDP 1,346,400 975,900 605,300 -135,800 Impact of costs of wildlife damage to communities on community conservancy income (N$, 2004): Mayuni Conservancy model 24
National Workshop on Human Wildlife Conflict Management 2005 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 Cost Cost x 2 0 NB GDP IRR (%) Conclusions • Crop damage and predation on stock by wildlife in Caprivi cost households some N$540 per annum, on average; • Aggregate loss of GDP per annum from wildlife damage is some N$5.6 million; • Households lose some 5% of their net livestock income, and some 29% of their net crop income due to wildlife damage on average; • In Caprivi benefits from CBNRM do compensate communities for the costs of wildlife damage; • Average impacts do not show how some households bear the brunt of damages and suffer devastating losses, while others don’t – data needed. Future work • Need to measure the costs and benefits of amelioration measures for HWC; • Need to measure the spatial variation in HWC costs and the true impacts on vulnerable households; • Need to test and evaluate wildlife damage insurance schemes. Thank you! Questions and Answers The PS underlined that although a general figure of 5% losses cited by Barnes may seem low, unemployment, lack of cash and the impact of HIV/Aids compromised the social fabric and production abilities of farmers. The whole society was less productive, adding a burden to people already affected. This figure was an average and some households lost all of their crops. He was concerned that poor communities, who grow food for own consumption with a small surplus, were also affected by extra costs on crops and still needed to fund health care, school fees, travel and to purchase necessities. Fanuel Demas (MET) added that many days were lost due to the presence of a problem animal, as people could not cultivate if there was, for example, lion and elephant in the area. Barnes said this difficult to calculate due to the lack of data. Holly Dublin (IUCN) said that other impacts such as that of climate change and the human dimension not directly linked to economics needed to be taken into account. Namugongo (MET) asked about HWC and impacts on current and planned aquaculture projects. The PS replied that stakeholders needed to strengthen coordination with other Ministries such as 25
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HWCM - Ministry of Environment and Tourism

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