Evolution of Sesquiterpene Lactones in Angiosperms*

148 VICENTE DE P. EMERENClANO, MARIA AUXlLIADORA C. KAPLAN AND OTTO R. Go1-rUEB
1 : 1.1
= 1.2
] = 1.3
~
1.5
- i.~
!.7
1.8
!.~
I.!0
"-'•
i.1.1 -~~ 1.1J.l
- 1.1.2 1.1.1.2
i
I
= i.1.3 1.1.1.3
I = 1.1.4 1.1.1.4
1.2.2 1.2.1.2
I
- 1.2.1.3
~ 1,2.1A
FIG. 6. BIOGENETIC SCHEME FOR SKELETAL TYPES OF C,~RMACRANE
ACID DERIVED SESQUn'ERPENE LACTONES.
t~naW advencemam pamrn~ere (respectively EA s and EAo)
with respect to =escluiterpene lactone~ of the ~enem O'abte 7).
The EA s and F-Ao pamn'wtem of mxa of higher ranks are
calculllm:l is again indicated in Table 7. The ¢on~'ibu0on of the
character state of a particular cons'dtuem of the taxon to the
average is thus proportional to its frequency of distribution in
the taxon. The ~Pmadl between minimal and maximal Sand 0
values of compounds in texa Ire also given in Tabtes 8-10, as
are Spome's ~ i c a l advancement indices [7] in Table 8
and basic chromosome numbers [8] in Tables 9 and 10.
TABLE 1. EXAMPLES OF THE DETERMINATION OF SKELETAL SPECIALIZATION (S) AND OXIDATION STATE (O) VALUES FOR SESQUITERPENES LAC-
TONES NUMBERED AS IN REF. [3].
Formulae
Carbons with bonds S Numbers of bonds O
Broken (b) Formed (~) ~(b+~1 C--H C--O C--C ~ (o+3c--h)
At positions No. of C (h) (d (d No. of C
1 (C,s) 0
656 (C,s) 0
~0~ (c,~) 4:5
(total 2)
1348 (C,~) 5,6,10,14
(total 4)
1252 (C,,) 2,3,3A,4,15
(total 6)
(6,12) 2/15-0.13 20 4
(total 2)
5,6,10,12 4/15-0 ~.,6 20 4
(total 4)
1,5,5,6,12,15 8/I s--0.53 2o 6
(total 6)
5,5,8,I0,12,14 I0115--0,66 19 3
(total 6)
1,2A,5,5,6,12,15 14/14-1 .oo 17 9
(total 8)
-- -16/15,--1.06
-- -16115,-1.06
-- -14115--0.93
-- -16115--1.06
1 -5/14=--0.36
~ 12
a
~ ~ 0
~ OR
1 566 10~8 1348, R = ,4~e~lte
12~2