A Network Approach to E-identification

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For the 4-party model to work, a set of agreements is necessary that allows the participants to share a common infrastructure and offer the same basic services. This set of agreements is referred to as a ‘scheme’. 4.2 A scheme: allowing both competition and cooperation So how did these schemes provide the fertile ground for these two-sided markets to grow so successfully The strength of such a scheme lies in the separation of the cooperative and the competitive domain in the market. This way a scheme addresses two objectives of the network. Firstly, a scheme promotes cooperation between the parties by the creation of a joint infrastructure. This cooperative domain achieves a reduction of various costs (such as development and admission costs) resulting from the parties’ collaboration in these fields. Secondly, the network promotes competition at the product level by offering market players an opportunity to distinguish themselves in terms of added value. This is the competitive domain were the parties involved can develop their specific propositions on top of the joint infrastructure. The separation of the cooperative and competitive domains is essential to enable market competition and sort network effects. Moreover, since cooperation at the infrastructure level is mandatory, this prevents competition between different infrastructures that raises cost and offers no extra benefits to End Users or participating parties in the network. 4.2.1 Layers of a scheme A scheme consists of a set of agreements, rules and regulations that ensure the separation of domains. The cooperative domain of a scheme is primarily comprised of three layers: − Business and Governance: defining on what basis the participants in the scheme participate and their mutual rights and obligations in the scheme. − Application: defining the scheme’s scope, application and functionality. − Infrastructure: defining how participating parties communicate and exchange information. The competitive domain exists on top of this collaborative domain as is shown in Figure 3-1. The competitive domain now offers the participants in the scheme a level playing field in which they can develop propositions for the two-sided market. 18
Participants & propositions Competitive – Rules & regulations Business/ governance - Business model - Brand & licensing - Specification & certification - Legal aspects Application - Functionality - Semantics - Message standards - ... SCHEME Cooperative - Protocols Infrastructure - Connectivity - Security - ... Figure 4-1: Separation of domains in a scheme, broken down into different layers. 19
Page 1 and 2: A Network Approach to E-identificat
Page 3 and 4: I 5 Example of an E-ID Scheme 25 5.
Page 5 and 6: 1 Management Summary The recognitio
Page 7 and 8: The approach to realise this e-ID n
Page 9 and 10: 2 Introduction 2.1 Objective of thi
Page 11 and 12: 3 Importance and Urgency 3.1 The ne
Page 13 and 14: This project is aimed at developing
Page 15 and 16: The End User perspective E-ID today
Page 17: 4 A Network Approach: ‘E-ID as a
Page 21 and 22: In the 3-party model the central pa
Page 23 and 24: A Scheme Management Organisation ma
Page 25 and 26: 5 Example of an E-ID Scheme 5.1 Int
Page 27 and 28: The e-ID request for authentication
Page 29 and 30: The process described above is just
Page 31 and 32: 6 Conclusion and Opportunities In t
Page 33 and 34: 6.2.2 Value added services So far w
Page 35 and 36: TERM Digital signature End User E-r
Page 37: Publisher’s imprint Published on

A Network Approach to E-identification

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