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2 Species, morphological and molecular diversity 35
of Andean potatoes in Huancavelica, central Peru
2.1 Introduction 36
2.1.1 Diversity in the field 36
2.1.2 Cultivated potato species 36
2.1.3 Characterization of infraspecific diversity 37
2.1.4 In-situ and ex-situ populations 37
2.1.5 Objectives 37
2.2 Materials and methods 38
2.2.1 In-situ collections for characterization 38
2.2.2 Ploidy counts and species identification 38
2.2.3 Morphological characterization 38
2.2.4 Molecular characterization 41
2.2.5 Comparison of morphological and molecular analysis 42
2.2.6 Comparison of the in-situ and ex-situ collection 42
2.3 Results 43
2.3.1 Species diversity of in-situ collections 43
2.3.2 Morphological diversity of in-situ collections 47
2.3.3 Molecular diversity of in-situ collections 49
2.3.4 Comparison of molecular and morphological diversity of in-situ collections 54
2.3.5 Comparison of molecular diversity of in-situ and ex-situ collections 55
2.4 Discussion and conclusions 56
3 Indigenous biosystematics of Andean potatoes: 59
folk taxonomy, descriptors and nomenclature
3.1 Introduction 60
3.1.1 Defining and comparing indigenous biosystematics 60
3.1.2 Indigenous biosystematics as indigenous knowledge 61
3.1.3 Indigenous biosystematics of Andean potatoes in literature 62
3.2 Materials and methods 66
3.2.1 Folk taxonomy 66
3.2.2 Folk descriptors 68
3.2.3 Nomenclature 68
3.3 Results 69
3.3.1 Folk taxonomy 69
3.3.2 Folk descriptors 78
3.3.3 Nomenclature 82
3.4 Discussion and conclusions 87
10 Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes