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Table 3.5: Examples of some folk specific and varietal taxa of cultivated potatoes 71 (papa tarpuy) Table 3.6: Sample of Quechua terms used for characterization 78 Table 3.7: Categories of primary cultivar names with direct (non-metaphorical) 85 known meanings Table 3.8: Categories of primary cultivar names with indirect (metaphorical) known 86 meanings Table 3.9: Categories of secondary cultivar names with direct (non-metaphorical) 87 known meanings Table 3.10: Categories of secondary cultivar names with indirect (metaphorical) 87 known meanings Table 4.1: The general geographic distribution of cultivated potato species 94 Table 4.2: The four environments along an altitudinal transect 95 Table 4.3: Cultivars included in the genotype by environmental experiment 96 Table 4.4: Potato labor calendar for the main and secondary seasons 98 Table 4.5: Percentages (%) of fields managed with specific tillage systems 99 (8 different cultivars) Table 4.6: Number of potato fields per household: total, native-floury, native-bitter, 100 improved Table 4.7: Total potato cropping area (m²) per household: total, native-floury, 101 native-bitter, improved Table 4.8: Potato cropping area (m²) per field: total, native-floury, native-bitter, 101 improved Table 4.9: Number of potato cultivars per field: total, native-floury, native-bitter, 102 improved Table 4.10: Altitudinal distribution (%) of potato cropping area for specific cultivars 107 (100 m intervals) Table 4.11: Intended purpose of native-floury potato field produce and correlation 107 coefficients for infraspecific field diversity Table 4.12: Basic soil characteristics for the four environments 108 Table 4.13: Average, minimum and maximum temperature and humidity by 108 environment (altitudinal transect, community of Villa Hermosa, Huancavelica) Table 4.14: Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) for 110 total and marketable tuber yield (g/plant), and total and marketable number of tubers per plant Table 4.15: Means of the cumulative variables, environments (E) and genotypes (G), 111 and environment and genotype coordinates of the first and second IPCA axis 16 Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes
Table 4.16: Means of the cumulative variables, environments (E) and genotypes (G), 112 and environment and genotype coordinates of the first and second IPCA axis Table 5.1: Sample sizes obtained with participatory cartography 120 Table 5.2: Tendencies for crop areal distribution in 8 communities (1995-2005) 121 Table 5.3: Tendencies for the areal distribution of potato cultivar categories in 8 121 communities (1995-2005) Table 5.4: Tendencies for the areal distribution of specific potato cultivars in 121 8 communities (1995-2005) Table 5.5: Most frequent rotation designs by cultivar category 123 Table 5.6: Fallowing rates for potato by altitudinal range and cultivar category 124 Table 5.7: Characteristics of the 1975 sectoral fallow systems and their posterior 126 abandonment Table 5.8: Sectors, crops and fallow periods of Pongos Grande’s current sectoral 130 fallow system Table 6.1: Number of seed lots kept in storage by individual households between 140 harvest and planting Table 6.2: Average rates of virus infection in seed stocks of selected farmer families 141 Table 6.3: Percentages of households having acquired / provided seed of native 142 cultivars Table 6.4: Quantities of seed of native cultivars acquired and provided by households 143 Table 6.5: Average number of native cultivars exchanged per transaction 143 Table 6.6: Total number of native cultivars exchanged by relative frequencies 143 of exchange Table 6.7: Commonly used sources for seed exchange of native potato cultivars 144 Table 6.8: Distances (right-angle) covered by individual seed flows 145 Table 6.9: Number of different cultivars offered at the regular markets in 146 Huancavelica Table 6.10: Kind of seed offered by vendors who offered seed potatoes for sale at 147 regular markets Table 6.11: Details of individual seed transactions 148 Table 6.12: Farmers perception about the portion of exhibiting farmers sharing seed 149 at the biodiversity seed fairs Table 6.13: Details of farmers who had exchanged seed at biodiversity seed fairs 150 Table 6.14: Percentage (%) of farmers having lost all potato seed and volumes stored 151 compared to a normal year Table 6.15: Relative importance of different mechanisms of seed acquisition between 154 May - December 2007 Table 6.16: Quantities of seed exchanged per acquisition 155 Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes 17
Page 1 and 2: Potato Diversity at Height: multipl
Page 3 and 4: Potato diversity at height: Multipl
Page 5 and 6: Potato diversity at height: Multipl
Page 7 and 8: to Andean farmers and their legacy
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents List of Tables 15
Page 11 and 12: 4 Annual spatial management of pota
Page 13 and 14: 8.2.2 Folk descriptors and nomencla
Page 15: List of Tables Table 1.1: Basic cha
Page 19 and 20: List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
Page 21 and 22: List of Boxes Box 5.1: The case of
Page 23 and 24: 1. Stef de Haan¹ Introduction ¹ I
Page 25 and 26: agrobiodiversity classification can
Page 27 and 28: 6. What is the role of potato and i
Page 29 and 30: 1.4.8 Ethnobotanical inquiry Folk t
Page 31 and 32: the department of Huancavelica and
Page 33 and 34: infraspecific diversity exist. Betw
Page 35 and 36: 2. Species, morphological and molec
Page 37 and 38: Since Bukasov (1939) first counted
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.2: Potato cultivar collecti
Page 41 and 42: (DIST), Sequential Agglomerative Hi
Page 43 and 44: 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Species diversity
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.1: Fully determined ploidy
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2: Fully determined specie
Page 49 and 50: Relatively high numbers of morphoty
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.3: Unweighted Neighbor Joi
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.11: Number and percentage o
Page 55 and 56: Table 2.15: A comparisons of morpho
Page 57 and 58: S. goniocalyx and S. stenotomum rep
Page 59 and 60: 3. Indigenous biosystematics of And
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.1 compares and contrasts fo
Page 63 and 64: categories of Quechua cultivators a
Page 65 and 66: seems to be extremely rare 9 . Othe
Page 67 and 68:
description was done with the Inter
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were shown a regional fixed sample
Page 71:
more widely distributed wild specie
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Figure 3.5: UPGMA dendrogram (DIST
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elonging to each of the folk specif
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3.3.2 Folk descriptors Informants u
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Farmers used a total average repert
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3.3.3 Nomenclature Consistency of c
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Figure 3.16: The relative regional
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(supplement for chewing coca leafs)
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categories) or environmental fit (c
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and indirect primary cultivar names
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4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Agroecosyste
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Table 4.1: The general geographic d
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Table 4.3: Cultivars included in th
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Table 4.4: Potato labor calendar fo
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manage a yearly average of 4.9 (±
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Table 4.9: Number of potato cultiva
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Figure 4.3: Average number of culti
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cultivars except Puqya, Manwa and S
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Table 4.12: Basic soil characterist
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Table 4.14: Additive main effect an
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Table 4.16: Means of the cumulative
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4.4 Discussion and conclusions Annu
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116 Potato diversity at height: Mul
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to maintain viable populations. Via
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Table 5.1: Sample sizes obtained wi
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When mapping the yearly cropping ar
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predominantly dedicate fields exclu
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Table 5.7: Characteristics of the 1
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Box 5.2: The case of the survival o
Page 130 and 131:
A second innovation allows family-a
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Farmer seed
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Regular daily and weekly rural mark
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Figure 6.1: Map of the localities w
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Table 6.1: Number of seed lots kept
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Potato Virus Y (PVY) is also transm
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Family members and farmers, as well
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from Junín was appreciable with an
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Table 6.11: Details of individual s
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An average of 21.1% of participants
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High levels of yield reduction toge
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Table 6.15: Relative importance (*)
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Table 6.17: Number and type of cult
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native-floury potato cultivars rath
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Page 162 and 163:
Results suggest that in-situ conser
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2001, 74.4% of the total population
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Additionally, the composition of 9
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7.2.3 Cultural connotations Researc
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Table 7.6: Dry matter, gross energy
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these cultivars can not be consider
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7.3.2 Dietary intake The surveyed m
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Table 7.10: Average daily energy, p
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Table 7.12: Coverage of the total f
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soup were commonly associated with
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Food system interventions aimed to
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communities. The bitter cultivated
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8.3 Annual spatial patterns of cons
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more efficient through inclusion of
Page 190 and 191:
8.6.2 Dietary intake and nutrition
Page 192 and 193:
References Alcorn, J.B. 1995. Ethno
Page 194 and 195:
Bourliaud, J., Herve, D., Morlon, P
Page 196 and 197:
D’Altroy, T.N. 2000. Andean land
Page 198 and 199:
Gauch, H.G. 1990. Full and reduced
Page 200 and 201:
Huang, X.Q., Wolf, M., Ganal, M.V.,
Page 202 and 203:
McGuire, S. 2005. Getting Genes: re
Page 204 and 205:
Rojas, I. 1998. Origen y Expansión
Page 206 and 207:
Vargas, C. 1936. El Solanum tuberos
Page 208 and 209:
Abbreviations Adg = Solanum tuberos
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TEK = Traditional Environmental Kno
Page 212 and 213:
Camote sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas
Page 214 and 215:
Palta cultivar group (potato), flat
Page 216 and 217:
Tumbay cultivar group (potato) Tupa
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Appendices Appendix I. Formal morph
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Distribution 0) absent, 1) eyes, 2)
Page 222 and 223:
Appendix III. Vernacular names of w
Page 224 and 225:
Appendix IV. Vernacular names in Qu
Page 226 and 227:
Appendix VI. Basic information of s
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix VIII. Fields affected, dam
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Summary In-situ conservation Two ty
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30-year time-span (1975-2005) of tr
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Resumen Conservación in-situ Se pu
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una consecuencia directa de la adap
Page 238 and 239:
Samenvatting In-situ conservering T
Page 240 and 241:
gesuggereerd dat boeren jaarlijks d
Page 242 and 243:
Acknowledgements Interdisciplinary
Page 244 and 245:
De Haan, S., Bonierbale, M., Ghisla
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