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Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotoren: Dr. Ir. C. J. M. Almekinders Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Technologie en Agrarische Ontwikkeling Wageningen Universiteit Dr. M. Bonierbale Head Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement International Potato Center (CIP), Peru Dr. G. Thiele Head Impact Enhancement International Potato Center (CIP), Peru Promotiecommissie: Prof. Dr. E.F. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. A. Niehof Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. Ir. P.C. Struik Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. L. Visser Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen, Wageningen, Nederland Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit 4 Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes
Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 16 maart 2009 des namiddags te half twee in de Aula Stef de Haan Potato diversity at height: Multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes 5
Page 1 and 2: Potato Diversity at Height: multipl
Page 3: Potato diversity at height: Multipl
Page 7 and 8: to Andean farmers and their legacy
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents List of Tables 15
Page 11 and 12: 4 Annual spatial management of pota
Page 13 and 14: 8.2.2 Folk descriptors and nomencla
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables Table 1.1: Basic cha
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.16: Means of the cumulative
Page 19 and 20: List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
Page 21 and 22: List of Boxes Box 5.1: The case of
Page 23 and 24: 1. Stef de Haan¹ Introduction ¹ I
Page 25 and 26: agrobiodiversity classification can
Page 27 and 28: 6. What is the role of potato and i
Page 29 and 30: 1.4.8 Ethnobotanical inquiry Folk t
Page 31 and 32: the department of Huancavelica and
Page 33 and 34: infraspecific diversity exist. Betw
Page 35 and 36: 2. Species, morphological and molec
Page 37 and 38: Since Bukasov (1939) first counted
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.2: Potato cultivar collecti
Page 41 and 42: (DIST), Sequential Agglomerative Hi
Page 43 and 44: 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Species diversity
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.1: Fully determined ploidy
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.2: Fully determined specie
Page 49 and 50: Relatively high numbers of morphoty
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.3: Unweighted Neighbor Joi
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.11: Number and percentage o
Page 55 and 56:
Table 2.15: A comparisons of morpho
Page 57 and 58:
S. goniocalyx and S. stenotomum rep
Page 59 and 60:
3. Indigenous biosystematics of And
Page 61 and 62:
Table 3.1 compares and contrasts fo
Page 63 and 64:
categories of Quechua cultivators a
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seems to be extremely rare 9 . Othe
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description was done with the Inter
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were shown a regional fixed sample
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more widely distributed wild specie
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Figure 3.5: UPGMA dendrogram (DIST
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elonging to each of the folk specif
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3.3.2 Folk descriptors Informants u
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Farmers used a total average repert
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3.3.3 Nomenclature Consistency of c
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Figure 3.16: The relative regional
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(supplement for chewing coca leafs)
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categories) or environmental fit (c
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and indirect primary cultivar names
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4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Agroecosyste
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Table 4.1: The general geographic d
Page 96 and 97:
Table 4.3: Cultivars included in th
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Table 4.4: Potato labor calendar fo
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manage a yearly average of 4.9 (±
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Table 4.9: Number of potato cultiva
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Figure 4.3: Average number of culti
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cultivars except Puqya, Manwa and S
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Table 4.12: Basic soil characterist
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Table 4.14: Additive main effect an
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Table 4.16: Means of the cumulative
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4.4 Discussion and conclusions Annu
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116 Potato diversity at height: Mul
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to maintain viable populations. Via
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Table 5.1: Sample sizes obtained wi
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When mapping the yearly cropping ar
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predominantly dedicate fields exclu
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Table 5.7: Characteristics of the 1
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Box 5.2: The case of the survival o
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A second innovation allows family-a
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Farmer seed
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Regular daily and weekly rural mark
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Figure 6.1: Map of the localities w
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Table 6.1: Number of seed lots kept
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Potato Virus Y (PVY) is also transm
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Family members and farmers, as well
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from Junín was appreciable with an
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Table 6.11: Details of individual s
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An average of 21.1% of participants
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High levels of yield reduction toge
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Table 6.15: Relative importance (*)
Page 156 and 157:
Table 6.17: Number and type of cult
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native-floury potato cultivars rath
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Results suggest that in-situ conser
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2001, 74.4% of the total population
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Additionally, the composition of 9
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7.2.3 Cultural connotations Researc
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Table 7.6: Dry matter, gross energy
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these cultivars can not be consider
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7.3.2 Dietary intake The surveyed m
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Table 7.10: Average daily energy, p
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Table 7.12: Coverage of the total f
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soup were commonly associated with
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Food system interventions aimed to
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communities. The bitter cultivated
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8.3 Annual spatial patterns of cons
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more efficient through inclusion of
Page 190 and 191:
8.6.2 Dietary intake and nutrition
Page 192 and 193:
References Alcorn, J.B. 1995. Ethno
Page 194 and 195:
Bourliaud, J., Herve, D., Morlon, P
Page 196 and 197:
D’Altroy, T.N. 2000. Andean land
Page 198 and 199:
Gauch, H.G. 1990. Full and reduced
Page 200 and 201:
Huang, X.Q., Wolf, M., Ganal, M.V.,
Page 202 and 203:
McGuire, S. 2005. Getting Genes: re
Page 204 and 205:
Rojas, I. 1998. Origen y Expansión
Page 206 and 207:
Vargas, C. 1936. El Solanum tuberos
Page 208 and 209:
Abbreviations Adg = Solanum tuberos
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TEK = Traditional Environmental Kno
Page 212 and 213:
Camote sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas
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Palta cultivar group (potato), flat
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Tumbay cultivar group (potato) Tupa
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Appendices Appendix I. Formal morph
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Distribution 0) absent, 1) eyes, 2)
Page 222 and 223:
Appendix III. Vernacular names of w
Page 224 and 225:
Appendix IV. Vernacular names in Qu
Page 226 and 227:
Appendix VI. Basic information of s
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix VIII. Fields affected, dam
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Summary In-situ conservation Two ty
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30-year time-span (1975-2005) of tr
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Resumen Conservación in-situ Se pu
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una consecuencia directa de la adap
Page 238 and 239:
Samenvatting In-situ conservering T
Page 240 and 241:
gesuggereerd dat boeren jaarlijks d
Page 242 and 243:
Acknowledgements Interdisciplinary
Page 244 and 245:
De Haan, S., Bonierbale, M., Ghisla
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