Load Duration and Seasoning Effects on Mortise & Tennon Joinery

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REPORT DOCUM ENTATION PAGE 1.REPORT NO. 2. 3. Recipient's A ccession No. 4. Title <strong>and</strong> Subtitle 5. ReportDate <strong>Load</strong> <strong>Duration</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Seasoning</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> on Mortise <strong>and</strong> Tenon Joints 6. August 2000 7. Author(s) 8. Perform ing O rganization ReportNo. Richard J. Schmidt & Garth F. Scholl 9. Perform ing O rganization Name <strong>and</strong> Address Department of Civil <strong>and</strong> Architectural Engineering University of Wyoming Laramie, WY 82071 10. Project/Task/W ork UnitNo. 11. Contract(C) or G rant(G)No. 12. Sponsoring O rganization Name <strong>and</strong> Address 13. Type of Report & Period Covered USDA NRI/CGP CSREES Wash., DC 20250 15. Supplem entary Notes Timber Frame Business Council PO Box B1161 Hanover, NH 03755 USDA NRI/CGP Contract No. 97-35103-5053 Timber Framers Guild PO Box 60 Becket, MA 01223 (C) (G ) 14. interim 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) The objective of this research is to determine the load duration <strong>and</strong> seasoning effects on mortise <strong>and</strong> tenon joints in tension. Design of mortise <strong>and</strong> tenon joints is currently beyond the scope of the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. This <strong>and</strong> previous research have been conducted to find minimum detailing requirements for joints of this type. <strong>Load</strong> duration research served a dual purpose in verifying the previously established detailing requirements <strong>and</strong> finding the load duration <strong>and</strong> seasoning effects on mortise <strong>and</strong> tenon joints. In order to determine these effects, load duration tests on full size mortise <strong>and</strong> tenon joint specimens were conducted. Drawboring <strong>and</strong> peg diameter effects were also analyzed in the long-term load study. Strength tests were performed at the conclusion of long-term testing to find the resulting effects due to long-term loading. A method of analyzing combined dowel bearing material properties of the base material <strong>and</strong> pegs was also studied. 17. Document a.D escriptors traditional timber framing, heavy timber construction, wood peg fasteners, mortise <strong>and</strong> tenon connections, joint testing, duration of load, seasoning effects, drawboring. b. Identifiers/O pen-Ended c. COSATIField/Group ii 18. Availability Statem ent 19. Security Class (This Report) 21. No.ofPages Release unlimited. Unclassified. 111
Acknowledgments This report is based on the research conducted by Mr. Garth F. Scholl, under the direction of Dr. Richard J. Schmidt, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Masters of Science Degree in Civil Engineering at the University of Wyoming. Primary funding for this research was provided by the USDA-NRI/CGP under contract #9702896. Additional funding was provided by the Timber Frame Business Council <strong>and</strong> the Timber Framers Guild. Joint specimens were donated by Big Timberworks, Red Suspenders Timber Frames, Benson Woodworking, <strong>and</strong> Riverbend Timber Framing. Northcott Wood Turning supplied the pegs. iii
Page 1: LOAD DURATION AND SEASONING EFFECTS
Page 5 and 6: 5.5.1. Joint Properties ...........
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Page Table 2-1 Easte
Page 9 and 10: ugged traditional style has helped
Page 11 and 12: 1.3. Literature Review Previous res
Page 13 and 14: However these failures were away fr
Page 15 and 16: 1.5. Overview Primary among the thr
Page 17 and 18: 2. Joint Tests (Eastern White Pine)
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-2 Short Term Test Set-up f
Page 21 and 22: Figure 2-3 Typical Mortise Member F
Page 23 and 24: offset horizontally a distance of 5
Page 25 and 26: 2.7. Dowel Bearing Strength Dowel b
Page 27 and 28: 2.8. Detailing Requirements (End/Ed
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-9 Illustration of Peg Fail
Page 31 and 32: properties of a base material loade
Page 33 and 34: ut the load is applied through the
Page 35 and 36: Table 3-2 Spring Theory Summary Tes
Page 37 and 38: the stiffer of the two materials; r
Page 39 and 40: 4. Long Term Seasoning</str
Page 41 and 42: of the calibration markings were ob
Page 43 and 44: appropriate location for the center
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-1 Douglas Fir Long-Term Joi
Page 47 and 48: Normalized Douglas Fir 0.25 0.20 1.
Page 49 and 50: 4.2.3. Results and
Page 51 and 52: 4.3. Southern Yellow Pine Twenty-on
Page 53 and 54:
Southern Yellow Pine 0.160 Deflecti
Page 55 and 56:
Southern Yellow Pine Moisture Conte
Page 57 and 58:
Normalized Southern Yellow Pine 0.0
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2.0D end distance and</stro
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two pegs was active in carrying the
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Normalized White Oak 0.25 0.20 Defl
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White Oak 40 35 30 Moisture Content
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loaded to 1000 lb which is 16% of t
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with only one joint it is difficult
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4.5.2. Moisture Content The eastern
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Eastern White Pine 0.30 0.25 0.20 D
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5. Failure Testing of Long Term Spe
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earing test samples were oriented i
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5.3.2. Material Properties (Dowel B
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twelve joints had white oak pegs <s
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the load-deflection plots shown in
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6.2. Modification to minimum end <s
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unloaded. Therefore, the Madison Cu
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7. References AFPA, (1997). “Nati
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Load-Deflection Pl
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Dowel Bearing Test Results Test Num
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Peg Specific Gravity and</s
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Load-Deflection Pl
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SYP 35 SYP 36 9000 4000 3760.44 800
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Specific Gravity and</stron
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Appendix C (white oak) 7.1.1. Joint
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WO 27 WO 28 7000 6000 6474.64 9000
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WO 43 WO 44 12000 10000 16000 14000
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Page 111 and 112:
Appendix D (eastern white pine) oin
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EWP 27 EWP 28 12000 8000 7579.80 10
Page 115 and 116:
EWP 43 EWP 44 9000 8000 7000 5000 4
Page 117 and 118:
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Load Duration and Seasoning Effects on Mortise & Tennon Joinery

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