Role of Temperature and Organic Degradation on the Persistence of ...

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ABSTRACT <strong>Role</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Temperature</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Organic</strong> <strong>Degradation</strong> on the Persistence <strong>of</strong> Stable Isotopes <strong>of</strong> Carbon <strong>and</strong> Nitrogen in Aquaculture Waste Krzyszt<strong>of</strong> M. Osuchowski University <strong>of</strong> Guelph, 2012 Advisor: Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Richard D. Moccia This study evaluated effects <strong>of</strong> temperature <strong>and</strong> organic degradation on the persistence <strong>of</strong> δ13C <strong>and</strong> δ15N in aquaculture waste. <strong>Organic</strong> degradation time showed a significant linear (p
Acknowledgments This research project would not have been possible without the support <strong>of</strong> many people. I would first like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Rich Moccia who provided me with excellent research opportunities, challenged me <strong>and</strong> encouraged me to stay on course <strong>and</strong> fulfill a milestone in my academic career. I would like to thank my advisory committee members, David Bevan, Mathew Wells <strong>and</strong> Michael Power without whose knowledge, advice <strong>and</strong> technical assistance this study would not have been possible. A very special thank you to Bill Szkotnicki <strong>and</strong> Margaret Quinton who provided me with invaluable guidance <strong>and</strong> statistical analysis input, great dedication <strong>and</strong> expert advice on setting up my experiment. I would like to thank my colleagues who provided a fantastic atmosphere <strong>and</strong> orientated me in my Master’s studies. Thank you Fern<strong>and</strong>o Salazar, Jacqui Milne <strong>and</strong> Mike Glinka for your support, advice <strong>and</strong> help in the field. A big thank you to Michael Burke <strong>and</strong> the staff at the Alma Research Station for providing excellent resources in running my experiment <strong>and</strong> further educating me in research practices in the field <strong>of</strong> aquaculture. I would also like to thank George van der Merwe from Molecular <strong>and</strong> Cellular Biology, for generously <strong>and</strong> timely providing me vital incubator equipment <strong>and</strong> advice. A special thanks goes to all the cage aquaculture staff up north for their great hospitality <strong>and</strong> unwavering assistance in providing access to all my data collections. Lastly, I thank my family <strong>and</strong> friends for not giving up on me, supporting me through all my adventures <strong>and</strong> always being there for me in the long stretch. iii
Page 1: Role of</s
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 3: Long Term Monitoring <st
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Tab
Page 9 and 10: Figure 16. Whisker box-plot <strong
Page 11 and 12: List of Appendices
Page 13 and 14: List of abbreviati
Page 15 and 16: aquaculture technology in the Great
Page 17 and 18: each applies numerous Acts regardin
Page 19 and 20: 2) Sedimentation (direct settling <
Page 21 and 22: effluents (especially the solid fra
Page 23 and 24: attribute sediments collected 30 m
Page 25 and 26: natural seasonal community dynamics
Page 27 and 28: The MOM system uses sediment traps
Page 29 and 30: δX = [(R sample - R stand<
Page 31 and 32: Stable isotopes have originally bee
Page 33 and 34: sapidissima, Alosa pseudoharengus)
Page 35 and 36: Sources of organic
Page 37 and 38: determining waste dispersion <stron
Page 39 and 40: signatures measured. The results sh
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.2. Active site sediment samplin
Page 43 and 44: 2.2.3. Feed sample and</str
Page 45 and 46: No significant correlation was foun
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4. Signatures of</st
Page 49 and 50: Table 5. Sediment signatures δ 13
Page 51 and 52: some cases been shown to deplete th
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In addition, no data is available o
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nitrogenous organic waste compounds
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the most important factors affectin
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environment, and i
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Figure 6. Great Lakes Region showin
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Table 7. Site location and<
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Table 8. Initial data logging start
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Functions of the F
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Temperature (ºC)
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Temperature (C o )
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Temperature (C o )
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fluctuations between 2 o C
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3.4. Discussion The large amplitude
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etention and distr
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located between two island<
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excitation by intrusion and
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et al. (2005) found that Onchorynch
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Myxobolus cerebralis (cause <strong
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Chapter 4. Role <s
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The following methods were used to
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Each randomly assi
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The remaining samples were collecte
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Figure18. Wireframe plot of
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Figure 20. Plot of
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Table 12. Orthogonal contrasts <str
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4.4.2 Nitrogen Isotope Results The
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Figure 22. Plot of
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Table 14. Summary of</stron
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Table 16. Estimate of</stro
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than the minimum for active sites.
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enriched than mean of</stro
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water flow. It has been shown that
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turnover rate for nitrosomas) for n
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In addition the quadratic effect <s
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isotopes could potentially conclusi
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and inactive sites
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Open water sites show specific wast
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References Altabet, M.A. 1988. Vari
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Capone, D.G. and K
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Einen, O., Holmefjord, I., Asgard,
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Hobson, K.A., Clark, R.G. 1992. Ass
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Kurle C.M, Worthy G. 2001. Stable i
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McClelland, J.W.,
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Peterson, B.J. and
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Strain, P.M., D.J. Wildish, <strong
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APPENDIX I Wire frame charts from p
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Figure 27. Wireframe plot o
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Figure 29. Wire frame chart for Sit
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Site 3 Figure 31. Wire frame chart
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Figure 33. Wire frame chart for sit
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Figure 35. Wire frame plot for site
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Site 5 Figure 37. Wire frame chart
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Figure 39. Wire frame chart for sit
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Figure 41. Wire frame diagram for s
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Site 7 Figure 43. Wire frame diagra
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APPENDIX II Spectral density plots
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Spectral Density Estimate by Period
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