The Nu-SNS proposal - ORNL Physics Division - Oak Ridge ...

56
'
Fe( ν , ν xn)
x
55
Fe
dominates.
For lead, cross sections for the following neutral- and charged-current channels are desirable:
'
Pb(
ν
x,
ν
xn)
'
Pb(
ν
x,
ν
x
2n)
−
Pb(
ν , e n)
A A−1
A A−2
A A−1
e
Since they are a both a necessary calibration for future supernova neutrino experiments and are
important to nucleosynthesis simulations, iron and lead cross section measurements are a very
high priority.
3.4.3 Deuterium
Neutrino experiments that use heavy water, like SNO, can detect supernova neutrinos via four
main channels:
− ' −
e ( ν
x
, ν
x
) e
'
d(
ν n x
, ν
x
) p
−
d(
ν e
, e p)
p
d ( _ +
ν e , e n)
n
Measurement of the reaction d(ν e ,e - p)p, which has been suggested as a calibration for the
reaction p(e + ,ν e )d (part of the pp chain of reactions powering the Sun), would also provide a
calibration for heavy water neutrino detectors. Monte Carlo studies suggest that for the source
brightness predicted for the SNS, two years of data in approximately fifteen fiducial tons of
D 2 O would yield a cross section measurement with an accuracy of a few percent [84], which
in turn may enable a more accurate interpretation of SNO data. This measurement would
also serve as an important test case for the effective field theory approach to neutrino-nucleus
interactions (see [85] and references therein).
Pb
Pb
Bi
3.4.4 Carbon
Large neutrino detectors that use liquid scintillator, such as KamLAND and MiniBoone, are
+
ideally suited to detect antineutrinos from a supernova collapse via ν
e
+ p → e + n . In addition,
a significant number of neutral- and charged-current interactions could be detected [88] via:
C(
ν , e )
12 − 12
e
N gs
12 − 12 *
C( ν e
, e ) N
12
' 12 *
C( ν
x,
ν
x
) C
It is clear that every recorded neutrino interaction from the next galactic supernova will be
extremely important. Detailed measurements of neutrino interactions in multiple channels will
help untangle intensities and temperature of individual neutrino species. Although ν+Carbon
interactions have been measured by LSND and KARMEN, ν-SNS measurements of double
ν-SNS Proposal 32 8/4/2005