Natural-Product Humic Acid - Laub BioChem

HUMIC ACID
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
Laub BioChemicals Corporation
1401 Quail St., Suite 121
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Supplement IV
2002 – 2004

FRONTISPIECE: “Foot-and-mouth” disease is caused by a virus of the
family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. It is one of the most
contagious animal diseases, and is responsible for significant annual
economic losses worldwide.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Reviews and Monographs ............................................. 1
Natural-Product Humic Acid .................................... 6
Isolation and Preparation Procedures ................................................. 22
Synthetic Humic Acid ....................................................... 35
Chemical Synthesis .............................................................................. 36
Enzymatic Synthesis ............................................................................ 39
Physicochemical Properties and
Characterization .................................................................... 40
Acid-Base Properties ............................................................................ 40
Adsorption of, from Solution ................................................................ 41
Alcohol Content ..................................................................................... 41
Amide Content ..................................................................................... 42
Amino Acid Content .............................................................................. 42
Aromaticity ........................................................................................... 42
Ash Content ..................................................................................... 43
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) ............................................... 43
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) .................................................. 43
Atomic Force Microscopy ...................................................................... 43
Bromination of ..................................................................................... 45
Calorimetry ..................................................................................... 45
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) ................................................. 45
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CZE-MS) ......... 47
Carboxyl Content .................................................................................. 48
Centrifugation of ................................................................................... 48
Chlorination of ..................................................................................... 48
Circular Dichroism ............................................................................... 49
Complexation ........................................................................................ 49
with Metals ...................................................................................... 57
Composition .......................................................................................... 82
Conductiometry ..................................................................................... 82
Decolorization ....................................................................................... 83
Degradation .......................................................................................... 83
Derivatization ....................................................................................... 84
Dialysis .................................................................................................. 86
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ........................................... 86
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Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) .................................................. 87
Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) ................................ 88
Diffusion Coefficients ........................................................................... 88
Electrochemical Analysis ..................................................................... 88
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) ..................... 88
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) ..................................... 89
Electrophoresis ..................................................................................... 90
Elemental Composition ........................................................................ 90
Fatty Acid Content ............................................................................... 93
Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) ........................................................... 94
Field-Flow Fractionation–Mass Spectrometry (FFF-MS) ................... 94
Flocculation ..................................................................................... 95
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) .............................................................. 95
Flow Injection Analysis-Capillary Electrophoresis (FIA-CZE) ........... 95
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ................................................................... 95
Fractionation ......................................................................................... 101
Free Radical Content ............................................................................ 110
Free Radical Scavenging by ................................................................. 110
Functional Group Analysis ................................................................... 110
Gas Chromatography (GC) ................................................................... 112
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) ........................... 113
Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) ............................................. 116
Gel-Permeation Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GPC-MS) ..... 122
Gel-Permeation Chromatography–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(GPC-PAGE) .................................................................. 122
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) .......................... 123
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
(HPLC-MS) .................................................................................. 125
Immobilization ..................................................................................... 126
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) ................................ 126
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy-Mass Spectrometry
(ICP-MS) ..................................................................................... 126
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy-Optical Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-OES) ............................................................. 126
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) ................................................................... 127
Ion Exchange Chromatography ........................................................... 135
Light Scattering .................................................................................... 135
Lipid Content ........................................................................................ 135
Luminescence Spectroscopy ................................................................. 136
Mass Spectrometry (MS) ...................................................................... 136
Mobility ................................................................................................ 140
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Moisture Absorption ............................................................................. 140
Molecular Weight .................................................................................. 141
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) ..................................................... 147
Nitration ................................................................................................ 147
Nitrogen Content .................................................................................. 148
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) ............................ 148
Nuclear Microprobe Analysis (NMA) ................................................... 161
Oxidation ............................................................................................... 161
Ozonation .............................................................................................. 162
Peptide Content .................................................................................... 162
Photochemical Degradation/Photochemistry ...................................... 162
Polymerization ..................................................................................... 163
Potentiometry ....................................................................................... 163
Proton Affinity ...................................................................................... 164
Pyrolysis ................................................................................................ 164
Raman Spectroscopy ............................................................................. 166
Reactivity .............................................................................................. 167
Redox Properties ................................................................................... 167
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) .................................................. 167
Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) ............................................................... 168
Sonolysis ................................................................................................ 168
Spectral Characteristics ....................................................................... 168
Structure and Morphology .................................................................... 168
Models of .......................................................................................... 176
of Solutions ...................................................................................... 177
Sulfur Content ...................................................................................... 181
Surface Tension, of Solutions ............................................................... 181
Thermal Stability .................................................................................. 181
Thermodynamic Properties .................................................................. 182
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) ..................................................... 182
Thermolysis ........................................................................................... 183
Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) ..................................................... 183
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) ..................................................... 183
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) .......................................... 184
Turbidimetry ......................................................................................... 184
Ultrafiltration ....................................................................................... 184
Ultrasonication ..................................................................................... 187
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) ........................................... 187
Vapor-Phase Osmometry (VPO) ........................................................... 192
Viscometry ............................................................................................ 192
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Voltammetry ......................................................................................... 192
Volumetry .............................................................................................. 193
X-ray Diffraction ................................................................................... 193
X-ray Fluorescence ............................................................................... 193
X-ray Microscopy .................................................................................. 194
X-ray Scattering .................................................................................... 194
X-ray Spectroscopy ............................................................................... 195
Zeta Potential ........................................................................................ 138
Physiology and Physiological Effects .............. 198
on Nitric Oxide Generation .................................................................. 200
Pharmacokinetics ................................................................................. 200
Skin Penetration Kinetics .................................................................... 200
Toxicology .............................................................................................. 201
Commercial Applications .............................................. 202
Activated Carbon Manufacturing ........................................................ 202
Agriculture ........................................................................................... 202
Fertilizer ..................................................................................... 202
Fungicide ..................................................................................... 213
Insecticide ..................................................................................... 213
Plant Growth Stimulant ................................................................. 213
Plant Protectant .............................................................................. 217
Sead Coating/Treatment ................................................................. 219
Soil Amendment .............................................................................. 219
Alumina Processing .............................................................................. 222
Ammonium Sulfate Manufacturing ..................................................... 222
Animal Feed Additive ........................................................................... 222
Aquaculture ..................................................................................... 224
Bactericide ............................................................................................ 224
Battery Manufacture ............................................................................ 224
Binder ................................................................................................ 224
Coal Briquetting .............................................................................. 224
Bioremediation ...................................................................................... 225
Brick Manufacturing ............................................................................ 226
Catalyst Component ............................................................................. 226
Cement/Concrete Mixture Additive ..................................................... 226
Ceramics Manufacturing ...................................................................... 227
Cleaning Agent ..................................................................................... 227
Coal Processing ..................................................................................... 227
Coal-Water Slurry Enhancer/Stabilizer .............................................. 227
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Coke Manufacturing ............................................................................. 228
Color Indicators .................................................................................... 228
Compost/Composting ............................................................................ 228
Copy Toner Additive ............................................................................. 228
Cosmetics Additive ............................................................................... 229
Cotton Manufacturing .......................................................................... 229
Culture Medium Additive ..................................................................... 229
Defoliating Agent Additive ................................................................... 229
Deodorizing Agent Additive ................................................................. 229
Deodorizing Agent, for Foods ............................................................... 230
Deodorizing Agent, for Gases ............................................................... 230
Dietary Supplement .............................................................................. 230
Disinfection ........................................................................................... 230
Drilling Mud Additive .......................................................................... 230
Dye Additive .......................................................................................... 231
Electrodes .............................................................................................. 232
Etching Processes ................................................................................. 232
Fly Ash Slurry Production .................................................................... 232
Food Products Additive ........................................................................ 233
Groundwater Remediation ................................................................... 233
HPLC Substrate..................................................................................... 233
Humidity Indicator ............................................................................... 233
Incontinence Pad Manufacturing ......................................................... 233
Ink Additive ........................................................................................... 233
Iron Ore Processing .............................................................................. 233
Liquid Developer Additive .................................................................... 234
Lubricant Additive ................................................................................ 234
Membrane Constituent ......................................................................... 234
Plastics Formulations ........................................................................... 234
Polyurethane Additive .......................................................................... 234
Radiation Decontamination ................................................................. 234
Radiation Protection ............................................................................. 234
Road Construction Materials ............................................................... 235
Scale/Corrosion Inhibitor ..................................................................... 235
Skin Disinfectant .................................................................................. 235
Soil Remediation ................................................................................... 236
Sulfur Oxides Removal ......................................................................... 237
Tanning Agents Additive ...................................................................... 237
Therapeutic Compress Fluid Additive ................................................. 237
Veterinary Medicine ............................................................................. 237
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Wastewater Treatment ......................................................................... 238
Water Purification ................................................................................ 240
Therapeutic Applications ............................................. 241
Anti-Cancer Agent ................................................................................ 242
Anti-Inflammatory Properties .............................................................. 242
Anti-Microbial Properties ..................................................................... 242
Anti-Neoplastic Materials .................................................................... 243
Anti-Viral Efficacy ................................................................................ 243
AIDS ................................................................................................. 243
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses ............................................................ 243
Herpes Viruses ................................................................................ 244
Influenza ..................................................................................... 244
Respiratory Infections ..................................................................... 245
Rous Sarcoma .................................................................................. 245
Anti-Viral Mechanisms of Drug Action ............................................... 245
Immunostimulation .............................................................................. 245
Rheumatoid Disease ............................................................................. 245
Mud Baths ..................................................................................... 245
Skin Diseases ..................................................................................... 245
Wound Healing ..................................................................................... 246
Author Index ............................................................................... 247
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HUMATE MATERIALS
Natural and Synthetic:
Bibliography and References
Supplement IV

Reviews and Monographs
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(2931) S. Sardessai. Determination of marine humic substances and
applications in pelagic ecology. Pelagic Ecol. Methodol. 2002, 411-
423.
(2932) C. Li, X. Ma, and H. Yu. Development and use of Jixi (China)
weathered coal humic acids. Huagong Shikan 2003, 17(4), 15-18.
(2933) A. Zsolnay. Dissolved organic matter: artifacts, definitions, and
functions. Geoderma 2003, 113(3-4), 187-209.
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humic substances. In Biopolymers, Vol. 1: Lignin, Humic
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(2937) K. Schreckenbach, S. Heidrich, T. Meinelt, and C. E. W. Steinberg.
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Mag. Kem. Foly. Kem. Kozlemen. 2002, 108(10), 435-443.
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(2964) N. Fujitake. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances
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environment and in water treatment–a critical review. Part II:
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biopolymers: a preliminary inquiry. Carbohydr. Polym. 2004,
56(2), 213-217.
(2974) A. Imai. Characteristics and roles of humic substances in aquatic
environments. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 76-81.
(2975) M. Fukushima. Functionalities of humic substances serving as
carrier and pool of pollutants. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004,
27(2), 82-85.
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properties for humic substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004,
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(2977) S. Nagao. Analysis of dissolved forms and characteristics of humic
substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 92-95.
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(2978) G. Abbt-Braun, U. Lankes, and F. H. Frimmel. Structural
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Natural-Product Humic Acid
(2931) S. Sardessai. Determination of marine humic substances and
applications in pelagic ecology. Pelagic Ecol. Methodol. 2002, 411-
423.
(2932) C. Li, X. Ma, and H. Yu. Development and use of Jixi (China)
weathered coal humic acids. Huagong Shikan 2003, 17(4), 15-18.
(2933) A. Zsolnay. Dissolved organic matter: artifacts, definitions, and
functions. Geoderma 2003, 113(3-4), 187-209.
(2937) K. Schreckenbach, S. Heidrich, T. Meinelt, and C. E. W. Steinberg.
Dissolved humic substances. Part 6. Humic substances in
aquaculture and aquariums. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(5), 37-41.
(2940) C. Steinberg and R. Bruggemann. Dissolved humic substances.
Part 7. Ecosystem relationships. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(6), 37-43.
(2941) E. Oguz. Occurrence of humic substances in aquatic environments
and effects on humans. Ener. Educ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 91(1&2),
17-27.
(2944) I. D. Drozdnik, Yu. S. Kaftan, Yu. B. Dolzhanskaya, A. V. Orlov,
and V. V. Cherkasov. Brown coals: trends in their use. Part 2.
Koks Khim. 2002, (10), 4-12.
(2946) A. Grabinska-Loniewska, M. Perchuc, and M. Zubrowska-Sudol.
Humic substances in the environment–structure, physico-chemical
properties, ecological role and biotransformation. Post. Mikrobiol.
2002, 41(3), 299-334.
(2947) T. Etelka. Interfacial and colloidal properties of humic substances.
Mag. Kem. Foly. Kem. Kozlemen. 2002, 108(10), 435-443.
(2948) K. Tsutsui. Soil organic components. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku
Zasshi 2002, 73(Bumonbetsu Shinpo Sosetsu Tokushugo), 609-614.
(2949) K. Yonebayashi. Recent trend and view of studies on humic
substances in Japan. 1. Results and problems of the humic
substances research. . Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(5),
549-554.
(2951) E. Tobacz. Humic substances in environmental systems. Mag.
Kemik. Lapja 2002, 57(8), 306-313.
(2956) S. Nagao. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances
in Japan. 4. Humic substances and their role in the environment.
Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(3), 371-376.
(2963) C. E. W. Steinberg and D. M. McKnight. Dissolved humic
substances. Part 12. Summary and epilogue. Wasser Boden 2003,
55(1/2), 77-80.
-6-

(2965) E. Yu. Milanovskiim and E. V. Shein. Soil Structure. Priroda
(Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (3), 28-32.
(2966) M. Perchuc. Iron and humic acids in colored subsurface waters.
Gaz Wod. Techn. Sanitar. 2003, 77(11), 394-397.
(2968) P. N. Linnik, T. A. Casil’chuk, and R. P. Linnik. Humic
compounds of natural waters and their role in aquatic ecosystems
(a review). Gidrobiol. Zh. 2004, 40(1), 81-107.
(2973) D. Kim, I. G. Petrisor, and T. F. Yen. Geopolymerization of
biopolymers: a preliminary inquiry. Carbohydr. Polym. 2004,
56(2), 213-217.
(2974) A. Imai. Characteristics and roles of humic substances in aquatic
environments. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 76-81.
(2975) M. Fukushima. Functionalities of humic substances serving as
carrier and pool of pollutants. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004,
27(2), 82-85.
(2977) S. Nagao. Analysis of dissolved forms and characteristics of humic
substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 92-95.
(2981) Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya, V. V. Demin, and A. V. Kurakov.
Biochemical degradation of soil humic acids and fungal melanins.
Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 347-355.
(2982) F. C. Wu, R. D. Evans, and P. J. Dillon. Fractionation and
characterization of fulvic acid by immobilized metal ion affinity
chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 85-93.
(2983) R. C. Willis. Digging in the dirt. Today’s Chem. Work 2002, 11(6),
33-34, 36-37.
(2984) O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, G. Guyot, F. Andreux, and C.
Richard. Fluorescence of soil humic acids and their fractions
obtained by tandem exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 213-220.
(2985) C. Rumpel and I. Kogel-Knabner. The role of lignite in the carbon
cycle of lignite-containing mine soils: evidence from carbon
mineralisation and humic acid extractions. Org. Geochem. 2002,
33(3), 393-399.
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Catalyst Component
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Ceramics Manufacturing
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Cleaning Agent
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Coal Processing
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Coke Manufacturing
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activator and caking agent. Koks Khim. 2003, (9), 53-56.
Color Indicators
(4187) ATC Mann. Biodegradable color indication systems. DE
2,020,199 (December 20, 2002).
Composts/Composting
(4188) A. I. Shul’gin and A. A. Shul’gin. Composting of organic and
organomineral materials and wastes. RU 2,212,391 (December
11, 2001).
Copy Toner Additive
(4090) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Toner containing
polymer ester-based binder resin having specific melting index
for reduced solvent vapor generation, electrophotographic liquid
developer, and method of forming image. JP 2004/037,954 (July
4, 2002).
(4118) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, K. Umemura, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid
developer for electrophotography and electrophotographic image
formation. JP 2003/177,577 (December 13, 2001).
-228-

(4119) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid developers for
developing electrostatographic images and method for image
formation using the same. JP 2002/278,169 (October 21, 2001).
Cosmetics Additive
(4088) F. L. Jordan. Mixture for transdermal delivery of low and high
molecular weight compounds. US 6,759,056 (July 6, 2004).
(4089) A. K. Sengupta, R. Spindler, and J. W. Darlington, Jr.
Multifunctional particulate additive for personal care and
cosmetic compositions. WO 2002/063,310 (February 5, 2002).
Cotton Manufacturing
(4189) N. E. Kochkina, I. Yu. Vashurina, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Natural humic acids as the means for modification of cotton
yarn sizing process. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Tekhnol. Tekstil.
Promysh. 2004, (2), 39-42.
Culture Medium Additive
(4091) T. Takahashi. Pellets containing humic substances for culturing
soil bacteria for treatment of organic wastewater. JP
2002/101,871 (September 27, 2000).
(4092) O. A. Dregval, N. V. Cherevach, and A. I. Vinnikov. Influence of
nutrient medium composition on growth and development of
entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Mikrobiol.
Zh. 2002, 64(2), 44-48.
(4093) A. Eiler, S. Langenheder, S. Bertilsson, and L. J. Tranvik.
Heterotrophic bacterial growth efficiency and community
structure at different natural organic carbon concentrations.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69(7), 3701-3709.
(4098) J. R. Von Krosigk. Nutrient source for marine organisms based
on drilling fluids and cuttings treated with biodegradationenhancing
additives. US 2002/169,083 (May 3, 2002).
Defoliating Agent Additive
(4096) Y. Ishida and K. Suzuki. Environmentally friendly biological
humic deodorization solution. JP 2002/126,060 (October 25,
2000).
(4097) N. Goto. Beverages containing alkaline earth metals and humic
acids as deodorizers for feces. JP 2003/319,766 (May 1, 2002).
Deodorizing Agent Additive
(4096) Y. Ishida and K. Suzuki. Environmentally friendly biological
humic deodorization solution. JP 2002/126,060 (October 25,
2000).
-229-

(4097) N. Goto. Beverages containing alkaline earth metals and humic
acids as deodorizers for feces. JP 2003/319,766 (May 1, 2002).
Deodorizing Agent, for Foods
(4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in
brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5,
2001).
Deodorizing Agent, for Gases
(4095) H. D. Seo, Y. Seo, and Y. J. Suh. Malodor removing method.
KR 2002/034,123 (April 4, 2002).
Dietary Supplement
(3853) S. Yasar, A. Gokcimen, I. Altuntas, Z. Yonden, and E.
Petekkaya. Performance and ileal histomorphology of rats
treated with humic acid preparations. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim.
Nutr. 2002, 86(7-8), 257-264.
(4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in
brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5,
2001).
Disinfection
(4190) A. K. Camper. Involvement of humic substances in regrowth.
Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 92(3), 355-364.
Drilling Mud Additive
(4098) J. R. Von Krosigk. Nutrient source for marine organisms based
on drilling fluids and cuttings treated with biodegradationenhancing
additives. US 2002/169,083 (May 3, 2002).
(4099) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids
containing organic compound contaminants. US 2002/169,081
(May 3, 2002).
(4100) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids
with solidification agent, cell transport agent and cellulosic
additive. US 2002/169,080 (May 3, 2002).
(4101) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids
containing organic compound contaminants. WO 2002/092,720
(May 9, 2002).
(4102) B. M. Gavrilov, Yu. N. Moisa, L. A. Dadyka, O. M. Shcherbaeva,
and E. A. Konovalov. Preparation of a polymeric reagentstabilizer
for clay drilling muds. RU 2,189,381 (January 11,
2001).
-230-

(4103) I. I. Mel’nikov, V. P. Gnezdov, and M. A. Kuznetsov. Treatment
of spent drilling mud to produce soil. RU 2,187,531 (December
8, 2000).
(4104) J. Hayes. Dry mix for water based drilling fluid. WO
2003/025,086 (September 19, 2002).
(4105) S. G. Maslov, S. M. Dolguikh, P. S. Chubik, and E. B. Godunov.
Effect type and grouped composition of peat on drilling fluid
properties. Khim. Rastit. Syr’ya 2003, (3), 57-67.
(4106) F. Song, Y. Qin, Q. Zhai, G. Tan, and G. Lin. Preparation of
high temperature viscosity-reducing agent for drilling fluid. CN
1,350,047 (October 25, 2000).
(4107) A. Murmamedov, S. V. Mantrova, and S. S. Khamraev.
Improvement of technology for production of an alkaline carbon
reagent from brown coals. O’zbek. Kim. J. 2002, (2), 53-56.
(4108) S. Cart. Composition of drilling fluids comprising ground
elastomeric crumb rubber material and a method of decreasing
seepage and whole mud loss using such compositions. US
6,806,232 (May 31, 2001).
(4109) F. Xie, Y. Han, and X. Sun. Process for preparation of multicomponent
silicon- and water-based drilling fluid. CN 1,410,506
(November 18, 2002).
(4110) O. K. Angelopulo, V. I. Krylov, and A. S. Legeza. Biopolymer
drilling mud. RU 2,236,429 (December 26, 2002).
Dye Additive
(4111) A. S. Pogorelova, I. Yu. Vashurina, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Assessment of catalytic activity of humic compounds in the
reduction of vat dyes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim.
Tekhnol. 2002, 45(1), 37-41.
(4112) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Effect of humic acids on the state of disperse, acid, and vat dyes
in aqueous solutions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh.
Prikl. Khim.) 2003, 76(9), 1489-1493.
(4113) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Estimation of efficiency of the use of humic acids in leucoacid
process of dyeing textile materials with vat dyes. Izv. Vyssh.
Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2004, (3), 63-67.
(4114) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Natural humic acids as intensification agents of adsorption and
diffusion in vat dyeing of fabrics. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved.
Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2003, 46(1), 112-116.
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(4115) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.
Efficiency of the use of humic acids in dyeing textile materials
with vat dyes by alkaline reducing technology. Izv. Vyssh.
Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2003, (6), 57-61.
Electrodes
(3318) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, S. Carrasquillo, and P. V.
Kamat. Electrophoretic assembly of naturally occurring humic
substances as thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4),
761-765.
(3541) F. N. Crespilho, R. A. Messias, and M. O. O. Rezende.
Determination of copper in sugar cane rum by cyclic
voltammetry using carbon paste electrode modified with humic
acids. An. Assoc. Bras. Quim. 2002, 51(2), 63-67.
(4191) C. D. Garcia and P. I. Ortiz. Characterization and application of
humic acid modified carbon electrodes. Talanta 2003, 61(4),
547-556.
(4192) J.-J. Xu, G. Wang, Q. Zhang, D.-M. Zhou, and H.-Y. Chen.
Interfacing cytochrome c to Au electrodes with humic acid film.
Electrochem. Commun. 2004, 6(3), 278-283.
(4193) C. Thobie-Gautier, W. T. Lopes da Silva, M. O. O. Rezende, and
N. El Murr. Sensitive and reproducible quantification of Cu 2+ by
stripping with a carbon paste electrode modified with humic
acid. J. Environ. Sci. Health A: Toxic/Haz. Subst. Environ. Eng.
2003, A38(9), 1811-1823.
(4194) J. Wang. Formula and production method for high-capacity and
durable positive and negative electrode active material. CN
1,365,155 (January 10, 2001).
(4195) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, and P. V. Kamat.
Incorporation of electroactive metal species in humic acid
membranes. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225 th ACS
National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical
Society, 2003; 43(1), 537-540.
Etching Processes
(4196) L. Girardie. Process for selective etching of copper and face and
edge cleaning of a substrate. FR 2,816,528 (November 14,
2000).
Fly Ash Slurry Production
(4197) S. R. Rao, S. K. Ghosh, S. K. Basu, B. K. Mall, S. Verma, G.
Singh, and S. Mazumdar. Process for the production of a fly ash
slurry. US 6,419,620 (March 28, 2001).
-232-

Food Products Additive
(4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in
brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5,
2001).
Groundwater Remediation
(2963) C. E. W. Steinberg and D. M. McKnight. Dissolved humic
substances. Part 12. Summary and epilogue. Wasser Boden
2003, 55(1/2), 77-80
(4122) D. R. Van Stempvoort, S. Lesage, K. S. Novakowski, K. Millar,
S. Brown, and J. R. Lawrence. Humic acid enhanced
remediation of an emplaced diesel source in groundwater. 1.
Laboratory-based pilot scale test. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2002,
54(3-4), 249-276.
(4123) J. W. Molson, E. O. Frind, D. R. Stempvoort, and S. Lesage.
Humic acid enhanced remediation of an emplaced diesel source
in groundwater. 2. Numerical model development and
application. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2002, 54(3-4), 277-305.
HPLC Substrate
(3374) K. E. N. Jonassen, T. Nielsen, and P. E. Hansen. The
application of high-performance liquid chromatography humic
acid columns in determination of Koc of polycyclic aromatic
compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22(4), 741-745.
Humidity Indicator
(4198) F. D. Oeste. Humidity indicators for marking of goods. DE
10,128,807 (June 18, 2001).
Incontinence Pad Manufacturing
(4199) F. D. Oeste. Dye-labeled incontinence pads for the indication of
saturation. DE 10,128,086 (June 11, 2001).
Ink Additive
(4116) Z. Jin. Cleaning composition with high efficiency for printing
ink. CN 1,359,990 (December 22, 2000).
(4117) C. Gansau and N. Buske. Magnetic ink for ink jet printers and
procedure for its production. DE 10,301,107 (January 10, 2003).
Iron Ore Processing
(4200) G. Qiu, D. Zhu, T. Jiang, X. Fan, and Y. Guo. Technology of
direct reduction in rotary kiln. CN 1,390,957 (June 12, 2001).
-233-

Liquid Developer Additive
(4118) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid developer for
electrophotography and electrophotographic image formation.
JP 2003/177,577 (December 13, 2001).
(4117) C. Gansau and N. Buske. Magnetic ink for ink jet printers and
procedure for its production. DE 10,301,107 (January 10, 2003).
(4120) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Electrophotographic
liquid developer and method for image formation using the
same. JP 2002/278,172 (March 22, 2001).
(4201) T. Asami, K. Tsubushi, and A. Ishikawa. JP 2003/015,367 (July
4, 2001).
Lubricants Additive
(4202) V. N. Ivanov, V. P. Shipov, V. A. Trofimov, and M. V. Kasatkina.
Composition exhibiting lubrication-cooling properties and a
method for preparation thereof. RU 2,212,4325 (December 18,
2001.
Membrane Constituent
(4203) S. Mishima and T. Nakagawa. Pervaporation properties of
humic acid-added membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 94(2),
461-468.
Plastics Formulations
(3248) A. A. Halim, M. Ibrahim, and S. Mahdy. Humic acid copolymer
additives as new stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride. Int. J. Chem.
2004, 14(1), 59-65.
Polyurethane Additive
(4204) V. Kampars, A. Alksnis, and A. Bluems. Expanded
polyurethane containing humic acids. Rigas Tehn. Univ.
Zinatn. Raksti Ser. 1: Mater. Liet. Kim. 2002, 4, 13-16.
Radiation Decontamination
(4127) V. P. Glinskii, T. N. Krutikova, B. V. Matseevich, S. V.
Menzelenko, V. D. Mikhailov, N. V. Sagarda, and N. M. Sorokin.
Detergent for personal hygiene and removal of radioactive
contamination. RU 2,196,567 (May 7, 2001).
Radiation Protection
(4205) V. A. Trofimov, V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, A. I. Popov, and N.
V. Ivanov. Radioprotecting materials based on humic
substances treated with ammonium molybdate. WO
2002/024,609 (September 19, 2001).
-234-

Road Construction Materials
(4173) T. Kawashima. Composition for cement hardening, cement type
solidification material therewith and formation of road beds. JP
2002/068,796 (August 31, 2000).
(4206) T. Kawashima. Composition for cement hardening, cement type
solidification material therewith and formation of road beds. JP
2002/068,796 (August 31, 2000).
Scale/Corrosion Inhibitor
(4066) K. Yamagishi, M. Kushimoto, and T. Laburagi. Method for
prevention of scaling of apparatus for treatment of water by UV
irradiation. JP 2003/024,934 (July 18, 2001).
(4088) D. Zhou, W. Peng, and J. Xie. Preparation of QHA/ZPS as scalecorrosion
inhibitors and their performance. Huaxue Yanjiu Yu
Yingyong 2003, 15(2), 194-196.
(4089) V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, and V. N. Ivanov. Compound and
method for removing scale from heat-transfer surfaces. RU
2,203,463 (April 8, 2002).
(4090) M. V. Kasatkina, S. E. Fedorov, M. V. Gorokhov, and A. V.
Kuratorov. Water-soluble corrosion inhibitor for steels based on
biochemical waste and phosphate. RU 2,221,900 (July 6, 2001).
(4091) N. E. Romanova and T. P. Golub. Corrosion-protective additive
for cutting tools. RU 2,202,587 (November 27, 2001).
(4092) G.-m. Qiu and G.-l. Qiu. Preparation and application of new
scale and corrosion inhibitor with modified humic acid.
Shuichuli Jishu 2002, 28(2), 112-114.
(4124) F.-e. Shi and J.-j. Li. Study of HAS for mechanism of scale
inhibition. Nanfang Yejin Xueyuan Xuebao 2003, 24(2), 45-49.
(4125) Q. Mu, G. Ren, and C. Ren. Scale inhibitor for boiler water
system. CN 1,349,940 (November 21, 2001).
(4126) L. Zhang. Black, corrosion-resistant scale inhibitor for
waterside of boiler piping system. CN 1,377,843 (March 25,
2002).
Skin Disinfectant
(4121) U. Moellers, R. Knieler, and M. Rudolf. Hand and/or skin
disinfectant on the basis of alcohols and antioxidants. DE
10,241,003 (September 5, 2002).
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Soil Remediation
(3369) D. R. Van Stempvoort, S. Lesage, and H. Steer. Binding of
hydrophobic organic contaminants to humalite-derived aqueous
humic products, with implications for remediation. Water Qual.
Res. J. Can. 2003, 38(2), 267-281.
(3710) V. E. Andrus, M. A. Nanny, and R. P. Philip. Humate-enhanced
remediation of crude-oil-contaminated surface soils: adsorption
studies and microcosm results. In Book of Abstracts, 225 th ACS
National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical
Society, 2003; ENVR-183.
(3920) E. C. Hince. Solid-chemical compositions, geochemical binder
system, and improved high-shear granulation process for both
conventional and slow-release fertilizer and bioremediation
nutrient compositions. US 2002/178,772 (June 4, 2001).
(4044) E. C. Hince. Slow-release solid-chemical composition and
method for anaerobic bioremediation. US 2002/090,697
(January 6, 2001).
(4103) I. I. Mel’nikov, V. P. Gnezdov, and M. A. Kuznetsov. Treatment
of spent drilling mud to produce soil. RU 2,187,531 (December
8, 2000).
(4133) M. Kuehn. Adsorber materials made of renewable raw
materials, their production, and use. WO 2003/011,453 (July 22,
2002).
(4141) A. I. Shulgin and A. A. Shulgin. Production of a humic mineral
reagent and its use for soil reclamation, detoxification of mine
and metallurgical wastes, and wastewater treatment. WO
2004/048,310.
(4142) S. Chandraghatgi, S. Maeda, K. Nogawa, and H. Himi. Method
for bioremediation of polluted soil and groundwater and additive
for bioremediation. JP 2003/251,331 (March 1, 2002).
(4207) V. S. Belousov, S. A. Ermolenko and O. I. Kvasenkov.
Composition for detoxication of soils. RU 2,226,436 (October 8,
2002).
(4208) S. Tanaka. Use of humic substances for remediation of
contaminated soil. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 96-99.
(4209) M. Aikman, A. Kantzas, and K. Mirotchnik. Experimental work
on the behaviour of synthetic soils contaminated with light
hydrocarbon, and subsequent remediation thereof. J. Can.
Petrol. Technol. 2002, 41(9), 25-29.
(4210) M. A. Nanny, V. E. Andrus, and R. Paul Philp. Humateenhanced
remediation of crude oil-contaminated surface soils:
adsorption studies and microcosm results. In Preprints of
Extended Abstracts, 225 th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans,
Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 86-90.
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(4211) M. Fukushima and K. Tatsumi. Reclamation agent for soil
polluted with hardly decomposable aromatic halogen
compounds. JP 2003/145,127 (November 14, 2001).
(4212) K. M. Salem, N. Yu. Grecheshcheva, I. V. Perminova, S. V.
Meshcheryakov, and L. N. Bludova. Study of humic
preparations detoxicating ability in regard to soil oil pollution.
Zash. Okruzh. Sredy Neft. Kompl. 2004, (1), 34-37.
(4213) K. M. Salem, I. V. Perminova, N. Yu. Grechischcheva, V. P.
Murygina, and S. V. Meshcheryakov. Biological reclamation of
petroleum-contaminated soils by humic preparations. Ekol.
Promyshl. Ross. 2003, (April), 19-21.
(4214) G. Telysheva, T. Dizhbite, G. Lebedeva, G. Rossinskaja, V.
Jurkjane, O. Treikale, U. Viesturs, and M. Daugavietis. Ligninbased
products stimulating soil phytoremediation. Acta
Biotechnol. 2002, 22(1-2), 167-173.
(4215) A. A. Shapovalov and Yu. G. Putsykin. Humic sorbent for
detoxification and reclamation of polluted and salinated arable
soils. RU 2,205,165 (July 18, 2001).
(4216) S. M. Ibrahim and T. B. Goh. Changes in macroaggregation and
associated characteristics in mine tailings amended with humic
substances. Commun., Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2004, 35(13 & 14),
1905-1922.
Sulfur Oxides Removal
(3588) Sorption of SO 2 on metal-humic chelate chars from brown coal.
Karbo 2002, 47(12), 358-361.
Tanning Agents Additive
(4217) L. Olle. Humic tanning and retanning agents. AQEIC Bol.
Tech. 2004, 55(2), 82-87.
Therapeutic Compress Fluid Additive
(4121) U. Moellers, R. Knieler, and M. Rudolf. Hand and/or skin
disinfectant on the basis of alcohols and antioxidants. DE
10,241,003 (September 5, 2002).
Veterinary Medicine
(3229) T. P. Zhilakova and L. V. Kasimova. Effect of peat-chemical
properties on alkaline-extract content. Khim. Rastitel. Syr.
2003, (3), 35-39.
(3234) I. D. Komissarov, I. V. Grekhova, M. Yu. Mikheev, A. I.
Gordeeva, I. N. Strel’tsova, and V. A. Ustupalova. Method for
preparation of humic acid biostimulating agent. RU 2,228,921
(May 20, 2004).
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(4217) E. N. Lyubchenko, M. M. Anisimov, and S. M. Kuleshov.
Preparation of wound-healing agent. RU 2,235,548 (May 8,
2003).
(4218) O. P. Panina, L. V. Kasimova, and T. P. Zhilyakova. Method of
preparing iron-containing preparation for treatment and
prophylaxis of sideropenic anemia in animals. RU 2,193,565
(December 7, 1999).
Wastewater Treatment
(3235) J.-J. Su. Application and principles of environmental
biotechnology for livestock wastewater treatment. Zhongua
Nongxue Huibao 2004, 5(2), 196-210.
(3511) D. Luo, P. Yi, A. Chen, and Z. Hu. Adsorption of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ,
Ni 2+ and Cr 3+ from electroplating wastewater by humic acid
resin. Cailliao Baohu 2002, 35(4), 54-56.
(3529) J. Chylkova, T. Sakra, and K. Mitlohnerova. Removal of
cadmium from solutions by calcium salts of humic substances.
Vod. Hospod. 2002, 52(10), 310-312.
(3555) A. K. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, V. Misra, and A. K. Srimal.
Removal of chromium and reduction of toxicity to Microtox
system from tannery effluent by the use of calcium alginate
beads containing humic acid. Chemosphere 2003, 51(4), 329-
333.
(4091) T. Takahashi. Pellets containing humic substances for culturing
soil bacteria for treatment of organic wastewater. JP
2002/101,871 (September 27, 2000).
(4128) K. D. Hughes. Process for preparing reactive compositions for
fluid treatment. US 2003/196,960 (April 17, 2002).
(4129) A. R. Sardahti. Removal of chromium from industrial
wastewater. Water Wastewat. 2003, 45, 18-25.
(4130) K. Shinzaki, H. Kanenari, and Y. Ishibashi. System for
activated-sludge treatment of wastewater by using humus
substance. JP 2003/225,694 (February 6, 2002).
(4131) G. Mann, E.-G. Erwin, J. M. Gutterer, H. Haertner, V.
Braeuchie, and J. Saunus. Use of renewable raw materials for
the decontamination of waters contaminated with
pharmaceuticals. EP 12,433,753 (December 19, 2003).
(4132) I. Wahla and A. Anwar. Composition for the reclamation of saltaffected
or waterlogged soil or the treatment of brackish water.
GB 2,381,264 (October 24, 2001).
(4133) M. Kuehn. Adsorber materials made of renewable raw
materials, their production, and use. WO 2003/011,453 (July 22,
2002).
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(4135) X. Chen. Treatment of dyeing wastewater with sodium humic
acid. Liaoning Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban
2002, 21(2), 255-256.
(4136) V. M. Dudarchik, S. I. Kovrik, and T. P. Smychnik. Chromiumcontaining
wastewater treatment by peat humic acids. Vests.
Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi Ser. Khim. Navuk 2002, (4), 94-97.
(4137) N. Koizumi and H. Koizumi. Water purification promoting
agent derived from shell powder bearing microorganism and
method and system for water purification using the agent. JP
2003/039,086 (August 1, 2001).
(4139) T. Takahashi. System for treatment of wastewater with humic
substances. JP 2002/233,888 (February 7, 2001).
(4140) C. Menge and C. Gerlach. Humic acids for removing pollutants.
WLB, Wasser Luft Boden 2003, 47(6), 21-22.
(4141) A. I. Shulgin and A. A. Shulgin. Production of a humic mineral
reagent and its use for soil reclamation, detoxification of mine
and metallurgical wastes, and wastewater treatment. WO
2004/048,310.
(4142) S. Chandraghatgi, S. Maeda, K. Nogawa, and H. Himi. Method
for bioremediation of polluted soil and groundwater and additive
for bioremediation. JP 2003/251,331 (March 1, 2002).
(4143) J. Jiang. Improvements in or relating to water and wastewater
treatment. WO 2003/050,043 (December 13, 2002).
(4144) O. Da-Silva and E. Alpay. Removal of organic pollutants from
wastewater using humic substances. Progr. Wat. Resourc. 2003,
8(Water Resources Management II), 125-134.
(4145) H. Kanari, S. Okada, and T. Nishida. A study on the design of
odorless sewage treatment plant using humus soil. Kokushikan
Daigaku Rikogaku Kenkyusho Hokoku 2002, 14, 19-39.
(4146) V. P. Shipov, V. A. Trofimov, A. I. Popov, E. S. Pigarev, and V.
N. Ivanov. Method for obtaining humic substances from sludges
of municipal and/or industrial wastewater. RU 2,205,158
(January 9, 2002).
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