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boatman's quarterly review - Grand Canyon River Guides

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you are interested, please contact Lori Makarick at 928-<br />

226-0165 or Lori_Makarick@nps.gov to sign up for the<br />

event. Meet the nps project leaders at 11 a.m. at the<br />

Paria <strong>River</strong> parking lot, or look for people donning<br />

bright orange safety vests and wielding geology picks.<br />

The plan is to work until at 4 p.m. that day, but any<br />

time you can give will be greatly appreciated. If you sign<br />

up and get there on time, you will even get to partake<br />

in the deli spread lunch, a sign of the season to come!<br />

Tools and gloves will be provided, but volunteers will<br />

have to wear close-toed shoes (no sandals or flip-flops),<br />

long pants and a long-sleeve shirt, and bring water<br />

bottles (three liter capacity).<br />

If you are lucky enough to be going on the riverbased<br />

gts, you will get the rare, but highly satisfying<br />

opportunity to yank camelthorn plants out of the<br />

ground at Unkar and Crystal, the long-term control<br />

sites many of you have helped out with in the past. Not<br />

only will you get to wear work gloves and use shovels on<br />

the river, but you will also learn juicy tidbits about invasive<br />

plants that you can share with your future passengers.<br />

Lori Makarick<br />

Digging into the Past—Archeological Excavations<br />

along the Colorado <strong>River</strong> in <strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong><br />

<strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong> is both a natural and cultural<br />

landscape. There are few experiences as<br />

wondrous as running the Colorado <strong>River</strong> in<br />

<strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong> National Park. <strong>River</strong> runners descend<br />

into ever older rock units downstream from Lees Ferry,<br />

experience magical places such as Elves Chasm and Deer<br />

Creek Falls, and visit archeological sites such as Unkar<br />

Delta and the granaries at Nankoweap <strong>Canyon</strong>. Other<br />

evidence of the cultural aspects of the <strong>Canyon</strong> landscape<br />

includes many place names that reflect the <strong>Canyon</strong>’s<br />

long human history, such as Havasu <strong>Canyon</strong>. Currently<br />

eleven Indian tribes claim cultural ties to the canyon.<br />

The tribes include: Havasupai, Hopi, Hualapai, Kaibab<br />

Band of Paiute Indians, Las Vegas Paiutes, Moapa Band<br />

of Paiute Indians, Navajo Nation, Paiute Indian Tribe of<br />

Utah, Pueblo of Zuni, San Juan Southern Paiutes, and<br />

the Yavapai-Apache Nation. Three Indian reservations,<br />

Havasupai, Hualapai and Navajo Nation, adjoin the<br />

national park boundary.<br />

Despite the fact that people have lived in and used<br />

the <strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong> landscape for 12,000 years, archeologists<br />

know relatively little about the canyon’s prehistory.<br />

Approximately four percent of the park’s 1.2 million<br />

acres has been surveyed for cultural resources, and there<br />

have been few excavations of identified archeological<br />

sites. Given the National Park Service’s mandate to<br />

preserve and protect these nonrenewable resources,<br />

archaeological excavations are extremely rare in <strong>Grand</strong><br />

<strong>Canyon</strong> and only occur when the resource cannot be<br />

preserved in situ—i.e., in its original setting.<br />

Since the closure of Glen <strong>Canyon</strong> Dam in 1963, the<br />

amount of sediment available in the Colorado <strong>River</strong> in<br />

<strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong> has been greatly diminished. This lack of<br />

sediment replenishment has incrementally increased<br />

erosion of beaches and alluvial terraces, and decreased<br />

the availability of sediment for aeolian transport. The<br />

impacts of this sediment-starved system include the<br />

erosion, deterioration, and even loss of archeological sites<br />

in the Colorado <strong>River</strong> corridor. The March 1995 Final<br />

Environmental Impact Statement for the Operation of<br />

Glen <strong>Canyon</strong> Dam mandates scientific studies of cultural<br />

resources in the area potentially affected by the operations<br />

and existence of the dam. Additionally, a variety of<br />

federal laws, regulations and policies, including the<br />

National Park Service Organic Act, Archeological<br />

Resource Protection Act, and the National Historic<br />

Preservation Act require preservation of archeological<br />

resources in <strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong>.<br />

<strong>Grand</strong> <strong>Canyon</strong> National Park Service (grca) and<br />

the Bureau of Reclamation (bor) conducted an intensive<br />

inventory of archeological sites in the river corridor<br />

between 1990 and 1991. This survey identified 475<br />

Archaeologists excavating a storage room at Furnace Flats.<br />

Photo courtesy of Lisa Leap, NPS photo.<br />

boatman’s <strong>quarterly</strong> <strong>review</strong> page 7

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