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Dr. S. Al-Jeshi, A. Mahrous, M. Al-Hajji<br />
Saudi Aramco,<br />
Saudi Arabia<br />
February 2011<br />
<strong>Water</strong> Arabia 2011 Conference<br />
© Copyright 2011, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved.
Outline<br />
• Background<br />
• Industrial Facility Description<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong><br />
• Results-<strong>Water</strong> Saving Ideas<br />
• Summary
Background<br />
• The region is under extreme water shortage<br />
• Groundwater wells are depleting<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> Study<br />
Optimize water<br />
treatment processes<br />
Minimize wastewater<br />
streams<br />
Company Goal:<br />
Save Groundwater<br />
for Future<br />
Generations
Industrial facility selection criteria<br />
• Facility depends entirely on groundwater<br />
• Include major water treatment processes
Facility <strong>Water</strong> Network<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Wells<br />
2 nd Pass Reject<br />
70% 30%<br />
1 st Pass<br />
Reject<br />
Utility<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Firewater<br />
Distribution<br />
2 nd Pass RO<br />
Membranes<br />
Drinking<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
1 st Pass RO<br />
Membranes<br />
Wash<br />
Rooms<br />
Utility<br />
Stations<br />
5% Boiler<br />
Makeup water<br />
95% Return<br />
Condensate<br />
Utility Boilers<br />
Sulfur Recovery Unit Boilers<br />
Cooling<br />
Towers<br />
Neutralization<br />
Pit<br />
Steam<br />
users<br />
Sanitary<br />
Sewer<br />
Irrigation<br />
Membrane<br />
Bioreactor<br />
Oily water<br />
Sewer<br />
Oily -water<br />
separation<br />
pond<br />
Cogen. Waste Heat Recovery Boilers<br />
Evaporation pond outside the plant
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong><br />
Data<br />
Collection<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Saving<br />
Ideas<br />
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong><br />
<strong>Analysis</strong><br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Flow<br />
Balance<br />
It’s a systematic<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
technique used to<br />
analyze water <strong>Pinch</strong> networks utilizing<br />
advanced software Tracker to identify the<br />
Software<br />
optimum methods to conserve water
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong><br />
Sources<br />
Streams that can be<br />
used in other<br />
processes<br />
Boiler B/D<br />
Cooling Tower<br />
B/D<br />
RO membranes reject<br />
Unit<br />
operation<br />
Quantity<br />
Flow<br />
Sinks<br />
Processes that demand a<br />
certain amount of water at<br />
a certain quality<br />
Firewater<br />
Utilities <strong>Water</strong><br />
Boiler Feed <strong>Water</strong><br />
Quality<br />
pH<br />
Total Dissolved Solids<br />
Chloride (corrosion)<br />
Silica (scaling)<br />
H2S (toxicity)<br />
Suspended Solids<br />
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
<strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong><br />
Process evaluation<br />
25 GPM-<br />
100 ppm<br />
pH<br />
Silica<br />
Choride<br />
TOC<br />
15 GPM-<br />
150 ppm
Results<br />
Software<br />
Results<br />
Engineering<br />
Evaluation<br />
Optimum<br />
<strong>Water</strong> saving
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Wells<br />
5% Boiler<br />
Makeup water<br />
95% Return<br />
Condensate<br />
Recovery<br />
72% design<br />
80%<br />
2 nd Pass RO<br />
Membranes<br />
Utility Boilers<br />
Recovery<br />
68% design<br />
75%<br />
1 st Pass RO<br />
Membranes<br />
Sulfur Recovery Unit Boilers<br />
Facility <strong>Water</strong> Network<br />
Save 5% of Groundwater<br />
Save 6% of Groundwater<br />
with<br />
2 nd Pass<br />
optimization<br />
Reject<br />
of RO<br />
relaxing utilities/firewater<br />
70% 30%<br />
membranes Plant<br />
quality (blending)<br />
Drinking<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
1 st Pass<br />
Reject<br />
Cooling<br />
Towers<br />
Neutralization<br />
Pit<br />
Steam<br />
users<br />
Total 31%<br />
Groundwater<br />
saving<br />
Sanitary<br />
Sewer<br />
Wash<br />
Rooms<br />
Utility<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Save<br />
Membrane<br />
20% of<br />
Groundwater Bioreactor -<br />
Thermal desalination<br />
unit<br />
Irrigation<br />
Increase<br />
Utility<br />
Awareness<br />
Stations<br />
&<br />
Leaks Repair<br />
Firewater<br />
Distribution<br />
Oily water<br />
Sewer<br />
Oily -water<br />
separation<br />
pond<br />
Cogen. Waste Heat Recovery Boilers<br />
Evaporation pond outside the plant
Summary<br />
• <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Pinch</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> technique is a good approach but<br />
requires<br />
• Good metering system-water balance<br />
• Sufficient historical data<br />
• Good engineering evaluation<br />
• Save up to 31% of Groundwater<br />
• Additional water saving through<br />
• Processes optimization<br />
• Leaks repair<br />
• Awareness
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