REPUBLIC OF KENYA - The Judiciary

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United States. He held that there was a competent legal system in India that could arbitrate upon the dispute arising from a gas leak in Bhopal, India leading to the deaths of thousands. He held that the U.S. Court was an inappropriate forum because the material facts and all parties involved were substantially situated in India. On appeal, the U.S. Second Circuit of the Court of Appeal upheld the decision by Justice Keenan (Union of India v. Union Carbide 809 F.2d 195). The said affidavit is also reproduced in the book entitled Courtroom Genius by Soli J Sorabjee and Arvind P Datar, (LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur 2012). [109] Mr. Palkhivala’s quote, however, has to be put in the context of the relevant provisions of the Indian Constitution. These are Articles 32 and 136 (1) of the Indian Constitution, reproduced below: “PART III FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Right to Constitutional Remedies 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part – (1) The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed. (2) The Supreme Court shall have power to issue directions or orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred under this Part. 62
(3) Without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Supreme Court by clauses (1) and (2), Parliament may by law empower any other court to exercise within the local limits of its jurisdiction all or any of the powers exercisable by the Supreme Court under clause (2). (4) The right guaranteed by this article shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by this Constitution.” “PART V THE UNION CHAPTER IV. - THE UNION JUDICIARY 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India. (2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.” [110] Article 32 cited above merits special note. It gives the Supreme Court of India power to redress all violations of fundamental rights by issuing writs. It is, therefore, true that in the Indian context, the Supreme Court has all power to redress injustices – where injustices mean the violations of fundamental rights. This is not a power arrogated by the Indian Supreme Court, but one donated by the Constitution. Our Constitution does not have similar provisions; and therefore, the Kenyan Supreme Court does not have a similar 63
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REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE SUPREME CO
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edress, by invoking the Supreme Cou
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“(1) To ensure that the ends of j
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depart from a previous decision whe
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Article 58(5) which confers jurisdi
Page 11 and 12: [19] Counsel invoked the legal-redr
Page 13 and 14: operational situations, and adminis
Page 15 and 16: [24] Learned Senior Counsel, Mr. Or
Page 17 and 18: power of Parliament to enact legisl
Page 19 and 20: [28] On retrospective application o
Page 21 and 22: [33] Learned counsel adverted to th
Page 23 and 24: C. ANALYSIS (a) Preamble [38] The u
Page 25 and 26: the law gives scope for regularity
Page 27 and 28: The inference is to be drawn that t
Page 29 and 30: principle, or to be out of step wit
Page 31 and 32: “I confess that from the start of
Page 33 and 34: previous decisions of this House as
Page 35 and 36: (iv) whether the facts have signifi
Page 37 and 38: (iv) the Court will not depart from
Page 39 and 40: [67] Apart from the status of Secti
Page 41 and 42: ought to have been anchored under A
Page 43 and 44: D. CONCLUSION [73] From the design
Page 45 and 46: [77] The remarkable element in the
Page 47 and 48: Articles 10(1)(b), 10(2)(b), and 27
Page 49 and 50: Interpretation of the Constitution
Page 51 and 52: learned Senior Counsel Nowrojee and
Page 53 and 54: [91] Although I had categorized the
Page 55 and 56: (a) freedom from torture and cruel,
Page 57 and 58: sion. Each of those precedents has
Page 59 and 60: flexibility through the approach to
Page 61: points of law. The Court simply sai
Page 65 and 66: Shikuku v R, Constitutional Referen
Page 67 and 68: [116] That being said, I am of the
Page 69 and 70: question in, or review by, any cour
Page 71 and 72: “Some of those judgments have led
Page 73 and 74: due regard to the circumstances, hi
Page 75 and 76: Constitution, or under Section 23 o
Page 77 and 78: steps to address the void left afte
Page 79 and 80: [135] The Supreme Court of India de
Page 81 and 82: issue for determination was whether
Page 83 and 84: [144] Firstly: in the Concise Oxfor
Page 85 and 86: [148] It is my belief that this sta
Page 87 and 88: of Kenya and the State; it is not a
Page 89 and 90: the litigants (present or prospecti
Page 91 and 92: the constitutionality of a legislat
Page 93: …..………………………..
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