Flow Assurance and Multiphase flow - part 2 By Prof ... - Aker Solutions

Scale formation mechanisms
Oilfield scale can form in one of
two ways:
Brine (e.g. formation water) may
undergo change in conditions
such as temperature or pressure.
This generally gives rise to
carbonate scales.
Two incompatible ibl waters (e.g.
formation water rich in calcium,
strontium and barium and sea
water rich in sulphate) mix.This
generally gives rise to sulphate
scales.
The curves illustrate that calcite precipitation
occurs by a positive feedback mechanism;
pressure drop gives precipitation DP1 ,
deposition gives a new pressure drop, DP2 ,
which in turn gives increasing deposition,DP3 .
Seminar at Aker Solutions, Stavanger - May31st, 2011
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