Flow Assurance and Multiphase flow - part 2 By Prof ... - Aker Solutions

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Scale formation mechanisms Oilfield scale can form in one of two ways: Brine (e.g. formation water) may undergo change in conditions such as temperature or pressure. This generally gives rise to carbonate scales. Two incompatible ibl waters (e.g. formation water rich in calcium, strontium and barium and sea water rich in sulphate) mix.This generally gives rise to sulphate scales. The curves illustrate that calcite precipitation occurs by a positive feedback mechanism; pressure drop gives precipitation DP1 , deposition gives a new pressure drop, DP2 , which in turn gives increasing deposition,DP3 . Seminar at Aker Solutions, Stavanger - May31st, 2011 28
Scale mitigation What is a scale inhibitor? Scale inhibitors are chemicals which stop or interfere with the nucleation, precipitation and adherence of mineral deposits. What is a scale dissolver? Scale dissolvers are chemicals which dissolve scale by complexing with ions like barium, strontium, calcium and iron. What is chelation or sequestration? Chelation or sequestration is the formation of soluble metal ion complexes in the presence of substances which normally would give a precipitate. Other techniques ? Electromagnetic Inhibition Seminar at Aker Solutions, Stavanger - May31st, 2011 29 http://www.ed2000.net/york/ yk_theo_disc.htm
Page 1 and 2: Scandpower Petroleum Technology Flo
Page 3 and 4: PART II Hydrates, wax and asphalten
Page 5 and 6: Flow assurance and precipitation of
Page 7 and 8: Phase transitions 7
Page 9 and 10: The long and transforming travel of
Page 11 and 12: versus ice: Hydrate (clathrate) str
Page 13 and 14: Hydrates and inhibitors • Hydrate
Page 15 and 16: Other hydrate mitigation techniques
Page 17 and 18: Definition? ASPHALTENES (J.B. Bouss
Page 19 and 20: Asphaltenes - appearance Asphaltene
Page 21 and 22: Dried asphaltenes http://baervan.nm
Page 23 and 24: WAX Definitions What is wax? Mainly
Page 25 and 26: WATER-OIL EMULSIONS control Mixture
Page 27: SCALE PRECIPITATION Figure 6.6 SrSO
Page 31: Erosion test of “IPC” downhole

Flow Assurance and Multiphase flow - part 2 By Prof ... - Aker Solutions

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