Hydrological modelling of the Zambezi catchment for ... - TU Delft

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PROBLEM ANALYSIS 2.2 Approach In order to find the relation between the GRACE data and water storage fluctuations in a catchment, there is a need to know what the storage fluctuations were in a certain time period. These fluctuations can be calculated with a hydrological model. In this case the model environment STREAM is used. STREAM is a grid-based spatial water balance model, which is able to make each time step grid-based maps with the change in the water storage. Read for more explanation about STREAM Section 4.1. From the obtained grid-based maps by STREAM, it is possible to translate the monthly changes in water storage to the signal, which GRACE should have measured. GRACE measures changes in gravity field (dG). By comparing the calculated GRACE signals and the measured results of GRACE it may be possible to find the hydrological signal inside the signal of GRACE. If that is successful it is possible to directly derive the change of water storage from the GRACE-data (see Figure 2.5). HYDROLOGY AEROSPACE/ GEODESY Real world Input-data: • Precipitation + error • Evaporation + error • DEM + error • Land cover + error • Etc. Hydrological model GRACE measured (dG) + Error Comparison GRACE calc signal (dG) + Error Try to find the relation between GRACEdata and water storage changes dS+ Error map Algorithm Figure 2.5: Approach 8
PROBLEM ANALYSIS As study case the Zambezi catchment in Southern Africa will be used (Figure 2.6). This catchment is suitable first because its large area (1,3 x 10 6 km²), which is necessary for the constrains in the current resolution of the GRACE-satellite. The second advantage of this catchment is that a large part is out of the influence of tides, which affects the measurements because they are changing within the monthly temporal resolution of GRACE. A third advantage is the quite constant atmospheric pressure during summer, which is also a disturbance with a monthly time step. And the last reason to choose for the Zambezi catchment is that a hydrological model with a grid-based water balance model already exists, which is very desirable for remote sensing applications. Figure 2.6: Location of the Zambezi catchment. 2.2.1 Remarks In using this approach attention should be paid to the errors introduced during the different processes. Not having a good overview over the errors makes it difficult to do a good comparison between the modeled gravity field and the measured field by GRACE. Figure 2.7 shows a more detailed picture of the existing errors. 9
Page 1: Master's Thesis Hydrological modell
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE Preface This Master’s The
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
Page 9 and 10: SUMMARY Summary Hydrologists are in
Page 11 and 12: SUMMARY The results of the GLUE for
Page 13 and 14: ACRONYMS & SYMBOLS Acronyms & symbo
Page 15 and 16: ACRONYMS & SYMBOLS qflo Quick flow
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction High pr
Page 19 and 20: PROBLEM ANALYSIS 2 Problem analysis
Page 21 and 22: PROBLEM ANALYSIS GRACE As explained
Page 23: PROBLEM ANALYSIS Hence it is not po
Page 27 and 28: PROBLEM ANALYSIS Hydrological error
Page 29 and 30: PROBLEM ANALYSIS UPPER ZAMBEZI KAFU
Page 31 and 32: PROBLEM ANALYSIS Just before the in
Page 33 and 34: PROBLEM ANALYSIS In the center of t
Page 35 and 36: PROBLEM ANALYSIS Table 2.2: Land co
Page 37 and 38: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA 3 Hyd
Page 39 and 40: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA R c A
Page 41 and 42: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA 1. If
Page 43 and 44: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA MIRA
Page 45 and 46: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA The l
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Page 49 and 50: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA FEWS
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Page 55 and 56: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL INPUT DATA ⎧
Page 57 and 58: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION 4 Hy
Page 59 and 60: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION The
Page 61 and 62: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION 4.2.
Page 63 and 64: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION Tabl
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Page 69 and 70: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION Tabl
Page 71 and 72: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION The
Page 73 and 74: HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION grou
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HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION and
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HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION 4.2.
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HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION di P
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HYDROLOGICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION With
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 5 Err
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS To qu
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Uncer
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Lukul
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Victo
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS locat
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Janua
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Colou
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS N 2
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Figur
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS sets
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SV i
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 5.4.2
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS A rem
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ERROR- & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Sensi
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GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS AND HYDROLOGY
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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 7 Con
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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS the m
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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Gener
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REFERENCES References 2.1 Literatur
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REFERENCES Lamb, T., Beven, K. and
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REFERENCES Wahr, J., Molenaar, M. a
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REFERENCES http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.
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APPENDIX 1: DATA TRANSFORMATIONS IN
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APPENDIX 2: FAO SOIL UNITS DESCRIPT
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APPENDIX 2: FAO SOIL UNITS DESCRIPT
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APPENDIX 3: ZAMBEZI SCRIPT Appendix
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APPENDIX 3: ZAMBEZI SCRIPT # Calcul
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APPENDIX 4: MODEL RESULTS Appendix
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APPENDIX 4: MODEL RESULTS 1.2 Resul
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APPENDIX 4: MODEL RESULTS confl. Lu
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APPENDIX 5: GLUE SCRIPT Appendix 5
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APPENDIX 5: GLUE SCRIPT % FitnessFu
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APPENDIX 5: GLUE SCRIPT run_options
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APPENDIX 6: ROUTING MODEL Appendix
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APPENDIX 6: ROUTING MODEL Sub model
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APPENDIX 7: GRACE RESULTS Appendix
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APPENDIX 7: GRACE RESULTS Oct Nov D
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APPENDIX 7: GRACE RESULTS Oct Nov D
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APPENDIX 7: GRACE RESULTS Jul Aug S
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Hydrological modelling of the Zambezi catchment for ... - TU Delft

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